Home > 시장보고서 > 환경 > 수처리 > Major Reverse Osmosis System Components for Water Treatment: The Global Market

전화 문의

시장보고서

Major Reverse Osmosis System Components for Water Treatment: The Global Market

리서치사	BCC Research
발행일	2009년 09월	상품코드	100159
페이지 정보	300 pages
가격	US $ 4,850 ￦ 5,778,700 PDF by E-mail (Single User License) US $ 5,950 ￦ 7,089,400 PDF by E-mail (Business Unit License) US $ 8,500 ￦ 10,127,700 PDF by E-mail (Enterprise License)

한글목차
영문목차
관련자료

영문목차

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

This comprehensive business opportunity report evaluates the global markets for reverse osmosis (RO) system components. These components include pretreatment cartridges, pumps, pressure vessels/housings, RO membrane modules, and ancillary elements such as skids, valves, and gauges. Existing and potential markets for RO on the global stage are identified. The goals are to provide meaningful information, unbiased analysis, and an assessment of the roles that RO systems can play now and in the future of water treatment technology. Twenty-nine countries' water needs are evaluated in four global regions.

The heart of an RO system is the membrane module. Though many different polymer types of semipermeable membrane are possible, the commercial market consists primarily of thin-film composite polyamide formed into a spiral-wound configuration. Improved low-pressure membranes, large-diameter membranes, and non-fouling membranes have been important technology trends. Currently, a number of new materials types are in development.

Pressure vessels/housings are critical elements in the successful operation of RO and nanofiltration (NF), or membrane softening, systems. Fiberglass-reinforced plastic and stainless-steel pressure vessels are the predominant types associated with industrial and municipal RO systems. RO operation tends to fall into three distinct operating pressure ranges. The low-pressure applications are in the 40 psi to 65 psi range. The mid-range operating pressure for brackish water and wastewater is generally about 150 psi to 250 psi. High pressure RO is for seawater desalination and tends to be in the 800 psi to 1,200 psi range. Pressure vessels are designed to last for the lifetime of the system, or about three to four changes of membranes.

Using membrane or depth filter cartridges prior to RO maximizes pure water production and minimizes the costs associated with chemical additives. Cartridges used for RO pretreatment can be depth filters, dead-end membrane microfilters or microfiltration (MF) operated in crossflow. With proper pretreatment, the RO system can meet design specifications, resulting in optimum performance and the lowest overall expenditure.

Although pumps used in RO systems represent a relatively small percentage of total system cost, they must be selected carefully to avoid inefficient operation, downtime, or reduced productivity and return on investment. The choice of a proper pump is especially important in seawater desalination applications because of the corrosive atmosphere and highly demanding process conditions. Positive displacement plunger pumps or centrifugal pumps are most commonly used in RO applications. Booster pumps, a much smaller market, can be used in situations where normal system pressure is low, but needs to be increased.

Numerous ancillary and miscellaneous components are needed to complete the construction of a large, complex RO system. Depending on system size and application, these may include valves, gauges, computer controls, hoses, piping, plugs, racks, skids, holding tanks, manifolds, control panels, conductivity meters, float switches, metering equipment, and tanks for chemicals. What type and how many of these components are used in a particular plant depend on the site and size of the RO system.

For RO consumables, membranes and filters, new as well as replacement sales are considered in this report. As far as possible, adjustments and normalizations for currency evaluations have been made.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

The need for pure water is a problem of global proportions. With each passing year, the quality of the planet' s water measurably deteriorates, presenting challenges for the major users: the municipal, industrial, military, and agriculture/environmental sectors. Water treatment has become an area of global concern as individuals, communities, industries, nations, and their national institutions strive for ways to keep this essential resource available and suitable for use. RO systems have, over the past 30 years, emerged as an effective solution to transform saline, brackish, and contaminated water into a useable and/or potable product. The RO technology sector still has areas of promising activity and a market for replacement and upgraded equipment.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report is designed to be as comprehensive as possible. It is created to be usable by a broad audience of business, technical, and regulatory practitioners on a global scale. This document is an information source on the industry, a reference manual on an advanced technology and its system components, and a resource that provides information to decision-makers who need to stay abreast of the state of the art.

This report presents analysis and forward-thinking knowledge that will be of advantage to manufacturers, suppliers, and to local, state, and the federal government as well as foreign governments. Engineers, utilities, and corporate planners will benefit in accessing the global components and demands for RO systems.

SCOPE OF REPORT

This study is divided into specific system component chapters dealing with the RO membranes, the pressure vessels/housings, the cartridge filters/prefilters, the pumps, and other ancillary components such as valves, gauges, skids, racks, piping, manifolds, computer controls, and piping needed to complete a functional system. Quantitative evaluations are given for the major market segments, historically and for a 5-year horizon. The global scope of the RO market is identified within four major geographical regions with information on some 29 countries evaluated as to economics, demographics, and water needs.

Costs of consulting, engineering, and real estate are excluded from system costs. NF is considered as a membrane "softening" process or a divalent or trivalent ion-removal technique that is a subset of RO.

The RO market in this study is centered on purified water produced for municipal, industrial, military, and agriculture/environmental markets. It does not address wastewater issues, with the exception of wastewater as an integral part of a reuse and recycle system.

METHODOLOGY

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used. Research for this report began with a re-analysis of the available technical and business literature, as well as an evaluation of the personal records of the water treatment industry available to the author. Conversations with industry experts and company representatives and a review of their published works provide the backbone for an evaluation of the RO equipment water treatment industry. Other sources of information include product literature from RO equipment suppliers, patent information, and annual reports.

Growth rates of RO system components are not the same for all world regions and are not increasing from the same base. Common to all regions, however, is that sales of RO technology are growing faster than the gross domestic products (GDPs) of countries installing the systems and more rapidly than the industries that use them. Forecasts in this report are based on announced projects and anticipated capacity additions over the next 5 years.

Sales dollars are as received by membrane manufacturers and converted to U.S. dollars. Equipment costs such as pumps, motors, pressure vessels, and pretreatment are evaluated separately. Post-treatment, civil works, real estate, engineering costs, computer automation, and installation are not included. Costs are adjusted to reflect U.S. dollars. Currency conversions are normalized as well as possible. Much of the historic information is from BCC data.

INFORMATION SOURCES

The information sources for this study include online research, patent literature, technical journals, and interviews with principals in the industry. In evaluating the global market for water treatment using RO, information was obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Department of State; Aquastat, the United Nation' s global water information system; and publications from the International Desalination Association, European Desalination Association, and the Middle East Desalination Research Center. Projections for each market are made in terms of constant dollars. Historical values are for the year given.

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary 5

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2
INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
SCOPE OF REPORT 3
METHODOLOGY 3
INFORMATION SOURCES 4
RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 4
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 4
DISCLAIMER 5

Chapter-2: SUMMARY 4

SUMMARY 6
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 7
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 8
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR WATER TREATMENT, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 9
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR WATER TREATMENT, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 9

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW OF THE WATER TREATMENT INDUSTRY 39

IMPORTANCE OF CLEAN WATER 10
SAFE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 10
Safe Drinking Water Standards (Continued) 11
WATER ISSUES 12
U.S. WATER INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 13
MEMBRANE TIMELINE 14
GLOBAL WATER NEEDS 14
TABLE 1 WORLD WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR, 2008 (%) 14
FIGURE 1 WORLD WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR, 2008 (%) 15
TABLE 2 WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY NEEDS 15
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 16
WHAT IS RO? 17
RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS 18
SEAWATER DESALINATION SYSTEMS 19
RO PERFORMANCE 20
TABLE 3 TYPICAL RO PERFORMANCE IN REMOVING CONTAMINANTS (%) 21
COSTS 21
OPERATING COSTS 22
THE RISE AND FALL OF SEAWATER RO COSTS 23
TABLE 4 SEAWATER DESALINATION, PLANT SIZE AND COST, 1991-2005 24
FIGURE 2 SEAWATER DESALINATION, PLANT SIZE AND COST, 1991-2005 24
COMPETITIVE PROCESSES 25
TRENDS AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 26
RECENT COST REDUCTIONS 27
The Affordable Desalination Collaboration 27
MEMBRANE IMPROVEMENTS 27
Lower Energy Elements 28
Large Capacity Elements 28
PRESSURE RECOVERY DEVICES 29
CO-LOCATION OF SWRO AND POWER PLANTS 30
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY OPTIONS 31
Solar Power 31
Wind Power 32
TABLE 5 WIND-POWERED DESALINATION PLANTS BY LOCATION, 1998-2011 32
TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) 33
Nuclear Power 33
Nuclear Desalination Projects 34
Tidal Energy 35
Hybrid RO/Thermal Plants 36
BRINE DISPOSAL 36
Alternative Brine Disposal Methods 37
WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND REUSE 38
NEWater 39
Groundwater Replenishment System 39
RESEARCH NEEDS 40
TABLE 6 DESALINATION AND WATER PURIFICATION ROADMAP: NATIONAL NEEDS AND RECOMMENDED R&D 40
TABLE 6 (CONTINUED) 41
TABLE 6 (CONTINUED) 42
GLOBAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RO MARKET STATUS 43
TABLE 7 ESTIMATED GLOBAL RO DESALINATION CAPACITY BY REGION, 2008 43
FIGURE 3 ESTIMATED GLOBAL RO DESALINATION CAPACITY BY REGION, 2008 (%) 43
TABLE 8 COUNTRIES EVALUATED AND RO MARKET STATUS 44
TABLE 9 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS IN THE U.S. BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 45
FIGURE 4 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS IN THE U.S. BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 46
TABLE 10 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 47
FIGURE 5 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 47
GLOBAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RO ... (CONTINUED) 48

Chapter-4: RO MEMBRANE MODULES 22

MEMBRANE CHEMISTRY 49
TABLE 11 GLOBAL VALUE OF RO MEMBRANES BY CHEMISTRY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 50
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL VALUE OF RO MEMBRANES BY CHEMISTRY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 50
THE CADOTTE PATENTS 51
Primary Module Components 52
Other Module Components 53
Cleaning Thin-film Composite RO Membranes 54
NF MEMBRANES 54
TRENDS AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 55
NEW MEMBRANE MATERIALS 55
Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites 55
CSIRO 55
NanoH2O 56
Carbon Nanotubes 56
Aquaporins 57
PRICING 57
SECTOR STRUCTURE 58
TABLE 12 RO MEMBRANE MODULE SECTOR STRUCTURE, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 59
COMPANY PROFILES 59
DOW CHEMICAL CO. 59
GE WATER TECHNOLOGIES 60
HYDRANAUTICS/NITTO DENKO 61
KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 62
Koch Membrane Systems (Continued) 63
PALL CORP. 64
TRISEP 65
TOYOBO CORP. 66
TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. 66
WOONGJIN CHEMICAL 67
VALUE MEMBRANE MODULES IN RO SYSTEMS 68
TABLE 13 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR RO MEMBRANE MODULES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 69
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR RO MEMBRANE MODULES, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 69
VALUE MEMBRANE MODULES IN ... (CONTINUED) 70

Chapter-5: PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS 10

OVERVIEW 71
ASME SPECIFICATIONS 72
FRP AND STAINLESS STEEL 73
PRICE 73
SECTOR STRUCTURE 74
TABLE 14 RO PRESSURE VESSELS SECTOR STRUCTURE, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 75
COMPANY PROFILES 75
N.V. BEKAERT S.A. 75
BEL COMPOSITES 76
GE WATER TECHNOLOGIES 77
PENTAIR, INC. 77
Pentair, Inc. (Continued) 78
VALUE PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS 79
TABLE 15 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 79
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 79
VALUE PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS (CONTINUED) 80

Chapter-6: CARTRIDGE PREFILTERS FOR RO SYSTEMS 18

OVERVIEW 81
OVERVIEW (CONTINUED) 82
UF AND MF AS RO PRETREATMENT 83
THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER PRETREATMENT 84
TRENDS AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 85
SALES OF MEDIA AND MEMBRANE PREFILTER CARTRIDGES BY TYPE 85
TABLE 16 GLOBAL VALUE OF MEMBRANE AND MEDIA CARTRIDGES FOR RO PRE-FILTRATION, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 86
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL VALUE OF MEMBRANE AND MEDIA CARTRIDGES FOR RO PRE-FILTRATION BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 86
SECTOR STRUCTURE 87
TABLE 17 RO PREFILTER SECTOR STRUCTURE, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 88
COMPANY PROFILES 88
3M 88
ENTEGRIS, INC. 89
GE WATER AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES 90
INGE AG 91
MEISSNER FILTRATION PRODUCTS, INC. 92
MILLIPORE CORP. 92
NORIT N.V. 93
PALL CORP. 94
PARKER HANNIFIN CORP. 94
SIEMENS AG 95
WOONGJIN CHEMICAL 96
VALUE PREFILTER CARTRIDGES FOR RO 96
TABLE 18 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR CARTRIDGE PREFILTERS FOR RO SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 97
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR CARTRIDGES/PREFILTERS FOR RO SYSTEMS, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 98

Chapter-7: PUMPS FOR RO WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS 19

OVERVIEW 99
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS 99
PISTON/PLUNGER PUMPS 100
BOOSTER PUMPS 101
TRENDS AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 101
PUMP/ERD PACKAGES 102
PRICE 103
SECTOR STRUCTURE 103
TABLE 19 RO PUMP SECTOR STRUCTURE, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 19 (CONTINUED) 105
COMPANY PROFILES 105
AFTON PUMPS, INC. 105
CAT PUMPS 106
CLYDE PUMPS 106
DANFOSS A/S RO SOLUTIONS 107
DUCHTING PUMPS 107
EBARA CORP. 108
FLUID EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT CO. (FEDCO) 109
FMC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 109
FYBROC PUMPS 110
FLOWSERVE CORP. 110
GRUNDFOS GROUP 111
GE WATER & PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES 111
INGETEAM CORP. 112
ITT INDUSTRIES 112
KSB GROUP 113
PENTAIR, INC. 114
PUMP ENGINEERING, INC. (PEI) 115
SULZER CORP. 115
TORISHIMA PUMP MANFACTURING CO., LTD. 116
VALUE OF PUMPS FOR RO 116
TABLE 20 GLOBAL ESTIMATED MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR RO PUMPS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 117
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL ESTIMATED MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR RO PUMPS BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 117

Chapter-8: ANCILLARY COMPONENTS 10

VALVES, GAUGES, COMPUTER CONTROLS, PIPING, RACKS, SWITCHES, SKIDS, HOSES, AND MANIFOLDS 118
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS 119
GLOBAL DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF RO SYSTEMS 119
TABLE 21 GLOBAL SUPPLIERS OF RO SYSTEMS 119
TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 120
TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 121
TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 122
TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 123
TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 124
TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 125
SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR ANCILLARY COMPONENTS FOR RO SYSTEMS 125
TABLE 22 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR ANCILLARY COMPONENTS OF RO SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 126
FIGURE 12 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR ANCILLARY COMPONENTS OF RO SYSTEMS, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 126
VALUE FOR MAJOR RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN U.S. 127
TABLE 23 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. AND CANADA BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 127
FIGURE 13 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. AND CANADA BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 127

Chapter-9: MAJOR MARKETS FOR RO WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN THE U.S. 36

TABLE 24 U.S. WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR (%) 128
FIGURE 14 U.S. WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR (%) 128
WATER NEEDS 129
THE HEARTLAND 129
FIGURE 15 POTENTIALLY USABLE WATER FROM U.S. SALINE AQUIFERS 130
THE MID-ATLANTIC 130
OIL, GAS, AND COAL BASINS 131
INLAND URBAN AREAS 131
COASTAL URBAN AREAS 132
MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES 132
PROPOSED PROJECTS 133
TABLE 25 U.S. STATES WITH THE LARGEST INSTALLED DESALINATION CAPACITY, 2008 (MGD) 133
TABLE 25 (CONTINUED) 134
FIGURE 16 U.S. STATES WITH THE LARGEST INSTALLED DESALINATION CAPACITY, 2008 (MGD) 134
ASCE REPORT 135
HOUSEHOLD/RECREATIONAL APPLICATIONS 136
BOTTLED WATER 137
Global Consumption 138
Bottled Water Treatment 138
TABLE 26 COMPARISONS OF INTERNATIONAL DRINKING WATER AND BOTTLED WATER GUIDELINES 139
Recreational Markets 139
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 139
SEMICONDUCTOR/ELECTRONICS 140
TABLE 27 REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER AT THE POINT OF DISTRIBUTION IN THE ELECTRONICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRIES 141
TABLE 27 (CONTINUED) 142
Ultrapure Water Treatment 142
POWER PRODUCTION 143
Zero Liquid Discharge 144
MEDICAL/BIOTECHNOLOGY/PHARMACEUTICAL 144
Compendial Water 145
Hemodialysis Water 146
MILITARY APPLICATIONS 146
ROWPU 147
RECENT ADVANCES 148
LWP 148
EUWP 148
AGRICULTURAL/ENVIRONMENTAL 149
AGRICULTURAL/ENVIRONMENTAL (CONTINUED) 150
LEACHATE 151
leachate (Continued) 152
OIL AND GAS FIELD-PRODUCED WATER 153
Oilfield Produced-Water Project 153
Treating Produced Water from Coalbed Methane Extraction 154
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL 155
MBR/RO 155
Produced Wastewater from Remediation Activities 155
AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS-RESTARTING THE YUMA DESALTER 156
VALUE OF MAJOR RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. 157
TABLE 28 VALUE OF MAJOR RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 157
FIGURE 17 VALUE OF MAJOR RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 158
POTABLE WATER 158
INDUSTRIAL WATER 159
Electric Power Production 160
Semiconductor Manufacturing 161
Pharmaceutical Industry 161
Water Reuse 162
OTHER 163

Chapter-10: PATENT SURVEY 5

BY COMPANY 164
TABLE 29 U.S. PATENT SURVEY BY COMPANY, JUNE 2004 -JUNE 2009 165
FIGURE 18 U.S. PATENT SURVEY BY COMPANY, JUNE 2004 TO JUNE 2009 (%) 166
BY APPLICATION 166
TABLE 30 U.S. PATENT SURVEY BY APPLICATION, JUNE 2004-JUNE 2009 167
FIGURE 19 U.S. PATENT SURVEY BY APPLICATION, JUNE 2004-JUNE 2009 (%) 168

Chapter-11: INTERNATIONAL REVERSE OSMOSIS MARKET OUTLOOK 132

OVERVIEW 169
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN WATER PROGRAMS 170
ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN WATER MANAGEMENT 171
GLOBAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ASSESSMENT 171
DRINKING WATER 172
SANITATION 172
MARKET VALUE RO SYSTEMS BY GLOBAL REGION 173
TABLE 31 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS BY GLOBAL REGION, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 173
FIGURE 20 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS BY GLOBAL REGION, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 174
IMPACT OF THE GLOBALIZED ECONOMY 174
Impact of the Globalized Economy (Continued) 175
REGIONAL AND COUNTRY ANALYSES 176
EUROPE 177
GENERAL ECONOMIC TRENDS 177
DEMOGRAPHICS 177
WATER NEEDS 178
TABLE 32 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN EUROPE BY SECTOR (%) 179
FIGURE 21 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN WESTERN EUROPE BY SECTOR (%) 179
FIGURE 22 AVAILABLE WATER, WATER WITHDRAWALS, AND POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED EUROPEAN NATIONS (WATER PER CAPITA (M3 ANNUALLY)) 180
FIGURE 22 (CONTINUED) 181
SELECTED COUNTRY PROFILES 181
Belgium 181
Current Economic Trends 181
Demographics 182
Economy 182
Water Needs 183
France 184
Current Economic Trends 184
Demographics 185
Economy 185
Water Needs 186
Germany 187
Current Economic Trends 187
Demographics 187
Economy 187
Water Needs 188
Water Needs (Continued) 189
Spain 190
Current Economic Trends 190
Demographics 190
Economy 190
Water Needs 191
United Kingdom 192
Current Economic Trends 193
Demographics 193
Economy 193
Water Needs 194
Poland 195
Current Economic Trends 195
Demographics 196
Economy 196
Water Needs 197
VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS EUROPE BY TYPE 198
TABLE 33 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 198
FIGURE 23 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 199
VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY MARKET SECTOR 199
MUNICIPAL WATER 200
INDUSTRIAL WATER 200
Electric Power Production 201
Semiconductor Manufacturing 201
Pharmaceutical Industry 202
Water Reuse 202
OTHER 203
TABLE 34 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 203
FIGURE 24 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 204
MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA 204
FIGURE 25 AVAILABLE WATER, WATER WITHDRAWALS AND POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED MIDDLE EASTERN/AFRICAN NATIONS (WATER PER CAPITA (M3 ANNUALLY)) 205
TABLE 35 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN THE MIDDLE EAST BY SECTOR (%) 206
FIGURE 26 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN THE MIDDLE EAST BY SECTOR (%) 206
MIDDLE EAST 207
Selected Country Profiles 207
Bahrain 207
Current Economic Trends 207
Demographics 208
Economy 208
Water Needs 209
Kuwait 209
Current Economic Trends 209
Demographics 210
Economy 210
Water Needs 211
Egypt 211
Current Economic Trends 211
Demographics 212
Economy 212
Water Needs 213
Israel 214
Current Economic Trends 214
Demographics 214
Economy 214
Water Needs 215
Saudi Arabia 216
Current Economic Trends 216
Demographics 217
Economy 218
Water Needs 218
United Arab Emirates 219
Current Economic Trends 219
Demographics 220
Economy 221
Water Needs 221
AFRICA 222
TABLE 36 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN AFRICA BY SECTOR (%) 222
FIGURE 27 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN AFRICA BY SECTOR (%) 223
Selected Country Profiles 223
Ghana 223
Current Economic Trends 223
Demographics 224
Economy 224
Water Needs 225
South Africa 226
Current Economic Trends 226
Demographics 226
Economy 227
Water Needs 227
VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS ME/AFRICA BY TYPE 228
TABLE 37 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 229
FIGURE 28 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 229
VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY MARKET SECTOR 230
TABLE 38 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 231
FIGURE 29 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 232
ASIA-PACIFIC 232
TABLE 39 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN AUSTRALIA BY SECTOR (%) 232
FIGURE 30 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN AUSTRALIA BY SECTOR (%) 233
ASIA-PACIFIC 233
TABLE 40 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN ASIA BY SECTOR (%) 233
FIGURE 31 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN ASIA BY SECTOR (%) 234
FIGURE 32 AVAILABLE WATER, WATER WITHDRAWALS AND POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED ASIA-PACIFIC NATIONS (WATER PER CAPITA (M3 ANNUALLY)) 235
FIGURE 32 (CONTINUED) 236
Selected Country Profiles 236
Australia 236
Current Economic Trends 236
Demographics 237
Economy 237
Water Needs 237
Water Needs (Continued) 238
Water Needs (Continued) 239
China 239
Current Economic Trends 239
Demographics 240
Economy 241
Water Needs 241
Water Needs (Continued) 242
Water Needs (Continued) 243
India 244
Current Economic Trends 244
Demographics 244
Economy 245
Water Needs 245
Water Needs (Continued) 246
Indonesia 247
Current Economic Trends 247
Demographics 248
Economy 248
Water Needs 248
Japan 249
Current Economic Trends 249
Demographics 250
Economy 251
Water Needs 251
Water Needs (Continued) 252
South Korea 253
Current Economic Trends 253
Demographics 254
Economy 254
Water Needs 255
Philippines 256
Current Economic Trends 256
Demographics 257
Economy 257
Water Needs 257
Water Needs (Continued) 258
Thailand 259
Current Economic Trends 259
Demographics 259
Economy 260
Water Needs 260
VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS ASIA-PACIFIC BY TYPE 261
TABLE 41 VALUE OF RO COMPONENTS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 262
FIGURE 33 VALUE OF RO COMPONENTS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 262
VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS ASIA-PACIFIC BY MARKET SECTOR 263
POTABLE WATER 263
INDUSTRIAL WATER 264
Electric Power Production 264
Semiconductor Manufacturing 265
Pharmaceutical Industry 265
Water Reuse 265
TABLE 42 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 266
FIGURE 34 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 267
CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA 267
FIGURE 35 AVAILABLE WATER, WATER WITHDRAWALS AND POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS (WATER PER CAPITA (M3 ANNUALLY)) 268
TABLE 43 WATER WITHDRAWALS FOR THE CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY SECTOR (%) 268
FIGURE 36 WATER WITHDRAWALS FOR THE CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA, BY SECTOR (%) 269
CARIBBEAN 269
Selected Country Profiles 269
Bahamas 270
Current Economic Trends 270
Demographics 270
Economy 271
Water Needs 271
Jamaica 272
Current Economic Trends 272
Demographics 273
Economy 273
Water Needs 273
Water Needs (Continued) 274
LATIN AMERICA 275
Selected Country Profiles 275
Argentina 276
Current Economic Trends 276
Demographics 276
Economy 277
Water Needs 277
Brazil 278
Current Economic Trends 278
Demographics 279
Economy 279
Water Needs 280
Ecuador 281
Current Economic Trends 281
Demographics 281
Economy 282
Water Needs 282
Mexico 283
Current Economic Trends 283
Demographics 284
Economy 284
Water Needs 284
Water Needs (Continued) 285
VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY TYPE 286
TABLE 44 VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 286
FIGURE 37 VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA, BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 287
VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY MARKET SECTOR 287
Value RO System Components...(Continued) 288
TABLE 45 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 289
FIGURE 38 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 289
APPENDIX 291
TABLE 46 PATENT SURVEY (JUNE 3, 2004 TO JUNE 2, 2009) 291
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 292
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 293
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 294
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 295
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 296
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 297
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 298
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 299
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 300

한글목차
영문목차
관련자료

이용안내 회사소개 이용약관 사이트맵

TEL: 02-2025-2992
E-mail: koreainfo@gii.co.jp