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Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Nontraditional Indications

¸®¼­Ä¡»ç Insight Pharma Reports
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Abstract

Novel applications of immunotherapies and vaccines beyond prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and cancer are reviewed. Those discussed typically target molecules not normally targeted by the immune system.

This report:

Covers a wide range of conditions for which immunotherapies may be effective, including Alzheimer' s disease, addiction, other neurological indications, cardiovascular diseases, hematological disorders, ophthalmic diseases, bone metabolism disorders, type 2 diabetes, among others Reviews emerging immunotherapies and vaccines for these indications as well as business considerations for companies active in these markets Includes expert interviews Applications of immunotherapies and vaccines for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and cancer are well known. Research and development of immunotherapies for other indications has been progressing for many years, although this effort has not received the public attention that the work on infectious disease and cancer immunotherapies and vaccines has.

Immunotherapies being developed or used for treatment of other diseases (i.e., beyond prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and cancer) are the focus of this report. These may work by different mechanisms of action, and available information regarding how these immunotherapies work is presented. Each chapter focuses on one disease or disease category, which include Alzheimer' s disease, cocaine and nicotine addiction, other neurology applications including pain, cardiovascular diseases including thrombosis, hematology/blood disorders, ophthalmology, osteoporosis and other bone metabolism disorders, type 2 diabetes, and other (general) applications of immunotherapies.

For each disease or field covered, Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Nontraditional Indications provides information on pathophysiology, epidemiology, and currently available pharmacological treatments. This is followed by a discussion of what is being targeted by immunotherapies and/or vaccines for these diseases, and why immunotherapies may be effective for treatment of these conditions. Immunotherapies and vaccines that are in development or are approved for that particular indication are reviewed, and business considerations for companies that are active in these markets are discussed.

The use of immunotherapies for treatment of these diseases is a very promising field. While it will vary with the different disease indications, some of these immunotherapies and vaccines have a potentially large market opportunity. For example, the current market for Alzheimer' s disease therapies already exceeds $4 billion annually worldwide, and these therapies treat only the symptoms of the disease. This market is likely to grow significantly if more effective therapies become available.

Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Nontraditional Indications concludes by providing complete transcripts of interviews with experts from the field, who discuss its progress, challenges, and hurdles.

Table of Contents

  • 1.1. The Immune System
  • 1.2. Scope of the Report

Chapter 2 ALZHEIMER' S DISEASE

  • 2.1. Alzheimer' s Disease Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
  • 2.2. Why Immunotherapies or Vaccines for Treatment of Alzheimer' s Disease?
  • 2.3. Companies Developing Immunotherapies or Vaccines for Alzheimer' s Disease
    • AFFiRiS
    • Baxter
    • Novartis and Cytos Biotechnology
    • Eli Lilly
    • Genentech and AC Immune
    • GlaxoSmithKline
    • Merck & Co.
    • Octapharma
    • Pfizer
    • Roche and MorphoSys
    • Wyeth and Elan
  • 2.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Alzheimer' s Disease

Chapter 3 ADDICTION

  • 3.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
    • Cocaine Addiction
    • Nicotine Addiction (Smoking Cessation)
  • 3.2. Why Immunotherapies for Addiction?
  • 3.3. Companies Developing Immunotherapies for Cocaine Addiction or Smoking Cessation
    • Cocaine Addiction
    • Celtic Pharma
    • Nicotine Addiction (Smoking Cessation)
    • Celtic Pharma
    • Nabi Biopharmaceuticals
    • Novartis and Cytos Biotechnology
  • 3.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Cocaine Addiction or Smoking Cessation

Chapter 4 OTHER NEUROLOGY INDICATIONS FOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNOTHERAPIES

  • 4.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
    • Multifocal Motor Neuropathy
    • Pain
    • Post-Polio Syndrome
    • Other Potential Neurology Indications
  • 4.2. Why Immunotherapies for Treatment of Pain?
  • 4.3. Companies Developing or Marketing Immunotherapies for Other Neurological Indications
    • Alexion Pharmaceuticals' Soliris (eculizumab)
    • Array BioPharma' s ARRY-797
    • Baxter' s Immune Globulin
    • CSL Behring' s Immune Globulin
    • GlaxoSmithKline' s 249320 (GSK249320)
    • Pfizer' s Tanezumab
    • Pharmalink' s Xepol (XP-28)
    • Talecris Biotherapeutics' Gamunex
  • 4.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Other Neurological Indications

Chapter 5 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES INCLUDING THROMBOSIS

  • 5.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
    • Angina
    • Atherosclerosis
    • Dyslipidemia (Elevated Cholesterol and Other Lipids)
    • Hypertension
    • Venous Thromboembolism
    • Digoxin Toxicity
  • 5.2. Why Immunotherapies for Selected Cardiovascular Diseases?
  • 5.3. Companies Developing Immunotherapies for Cardiovascular Diseases
    • Ablynx' ALX-0081 and ALX-0681
    • BTG' s DigiFab
    • BTG' s Angiotensin Therapeutic Vaccine
    • Centocor Ortho Biotech' s and Eli Lilly' s ReoPro (abciximab)
    • Cytos Biotechnology' s CYT006-AngQb
    • Genentech' s and BioInvent International' s BI-204 (anti-oxLDL)
    • GlaxoSmithKline' s Digibind
    • Roche' s and Genmab' s R1512
    • ThromboGenics' and BioInvent International' s TB-402
  • 5.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Cardiovascular Diseases

Chapter 6 HEMATOLOGY/BLOOD DISORDERS

  • 6.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
    • Idiopathic (Immune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
    • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
    • Rh Incompatibility and Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
  • 6.2. Why Immunotherapies for Selected Hematology/Blood Disorders?
  • 6.3. Companies Developing or Marketing Immunotherapies for Hematology/Blood Disorders
    • Alexion Pharmaceuticals' Soliris (eculizumab)
    • Amgen' s Nplate (romiplostim)
    • Immune Globulin Preparations for Idiopathic (Immune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
    • Rho(D) Immune Globulin Preparations and LFB' s Anti-Rhesus D Monoclonal Antibody
  • 6.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Hematology/Blood Disorders

Chapter 7 OPHTHALMOLOGY

  • 7.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
    • Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
    • Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema
    • Retinal Vein Occlusion
    • Uveitis
  • 7.2. Why Antibody-Based Therapies for Selected Ophthalmic Diseases?
  • 7.3. Companies Developing Antibody-Based Therapies for Ophthalmic Diseases
    • ESBATech' s ESBA105
    • Genentech' s and Novartis' Lucentis (ranibizumab)
    • Lpath' s iSONEP (sonepcizumab)
  • 7.4. Business Considerations: Antibody-Based Therapies for Ophthalmic Diseases

Chapter 8 OSTEOPOROSIS AND OTHER BONE METABOLISM DISORDERS

  • 8.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
  • 8.2. Why Antibodies for Selected Bone Metabolism Disorders?
  • 8.3. Companies Developing Antibodies for Osteoporosis and Other Bone Metabolism Disorders
    • Ablynx' ALX-0141
    • Amgen' s Denosumab
    • Amgen' s and UCB Pharma' s Sclerostin Ab
  • 8.4. Business Considerations: Antibodies for Osteoporosis and Other Bone Metabolism Disorders

Chapter 9 TYPE 2 DIABETES

  • 9.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
  • 9.2. Why Monoclonal Antibodies for Type 2 Diabetes?
  • 9.3. Companies Developing Monoclonal Antibodies for Type 2 Diabetes
    • Amgen' s AMG 477
    • Cytos Biotechnology' s CYT013-IL1bQb
    • Novartis' Ilaris (canakinumab)
    • Xoma' s XOMA 052
  • 9.4. Business Considerations: Monoclonal Antibodies for Type 2 Diabetes

Chapter 10 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNOTHERAPIES

  • 10.1. Companies Developing Antibodies, Antibody-Based Drugs, and Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Other Indications
    • Amgen' s AMG 745
    • AstraZeneca' s and BTG' s CytoFab
    • BTG' s CroFab and ViperaTAb
    • ESBATech' s ESBA105
    • FibroGen' s FG-3019
    • Genzyme' s GC1008
    • GlaxoSmithKline' s 656933 (Sb656933)
    • Novartis' Ilaris (canakinumab)
    • Immune Globulin Preparations for Other Indications
  • 10.2. Business Considerations: Antibodies and Immunotherapies for Other Indications

Chapter 11 EXPERT INTERVIEWS

  • 11.1. Steven Glazer, MD; Senior Vice President, Development; BioInvent International
  • 11.2. Josefin-Beate (Josi) Holz, MD, Chief Medical Officer & Eva-Lotta Allan, Chief Business Officer; Ablynx
  • 11.3. David Y. Liu, PhD, Vice President, Research & William Hodder, Vice President, Business Development; FibroGen
  • 11.4. Steve Pakola, MD; Chief Medical Officer; ThromboGenics
  • 11.5. Andrea Pfeifer, PhD; Chief Executive Officer; AC Immune
  • 11.6. Roger Sabbadini, PhD; Founder, Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer; Lpath
  • 11.7. Walter Schmidt, PhD; Chief Executive Officer; AFFiRiS

References

Company Index with Web Addresses

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