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Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Nontraditional Indications
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Abstract
Novel applications of immunotherapies and vaccines beyond prevention and
treatment of infectious diseases and cancer are reviewed. Those discussed
typically target molecules not normally targeted by the immune system.
This report:
Covers a wide range of conditions for which immunotherapies may be effective,
including Alzheimer' s disease, addiction, other neurological indications,
cardiovascular diseases, hematological disorders, ophthalmic diseases, bone
metabolism disorders, type 2 diabetes, among others Reviews emerging
immunotherapies and vaccines for these indications as well as business
considerations for companies active in these markets Includes expert
interviews Applications of immunotherapies and vaccines for prevention and
treatment of infectious diseases and cancer are well known. Research and
development of immunotherapies for other indications has been progressing for
many years, although this effort has not received the public attention that
the work on infectious disease and cancer immunotherapies and vaccines has.
Immunotherapies being developed or used for treatment of other diseases (i.e.,
beyond prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and cancer) are the
focus of this report. These may work by different mechanisms of action, and
available information regarding how these immunotherapies work is presented.
Each chapter focuses on one disease or disease category, which include
Alzheimer' s disease, cocaine and nicotine addiction, other neurology
applications including pain, cardiovascular diseases including thrombosis,
hematology/blood disorders, ophthalmology, osteoporosis and other bone
metabolism disorders, type 2 diabetes, and other (general) applications of
immunotherapies.
For each disease or field covered, Immunotherapies and Vaccines for
Nontraditional Indications provides information on pathophysiology,
epidemiology, and currently available pharmacological treatments. This is
followed by a discussion of what is being targeted by immunotherapies and/or
vaccines for these diseases, and why immunotherapies may be effective for
treatment of these conditions. Immunotherapies and vaccines that are in
development or are approved for that particular indication are reviewed, and
business considerations for companies that are active in these markets are
discussed.
The use of immunotherapies for treatment of these diseases is a very promising
field. While it will vary with the different disease indications, some of
these immunotherapies and vaccines have a potentially large market
opportunity. For example, the current market for Alzheimer' s disease therapies
already exceeds $4 billion annually worldwide, and these therapies treat only
the symptoms of the disease. This market is likely to grow significantly if
more effective therapies become available.
Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Nontraditional Indications concludes by
providing complete transcripts of interviews with experts from the field, who
discuss its progress, challenges, and hurdles.
Table of Contents
- 1.1. The Immune System
- 1.2. Scope of the Report
Chapter 2 ALZHEIMER' S DISEASE
- 2.1. Alzheimer' s Disease Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current
Treatments
- 2.2. Why Immunotherapies or Vaccines for Treatment of Alzheimer' s Disease?
- 2.3. Companies Developing Immunotherapies or Vaccines for Alzheimer' s
Disease
- AFFiRiS
- Baxter
- Novartis and Cytos Biotechnology
- Eli Lilly
- Genentech and AC Immune
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Merck & Co.
- Octapharma
- Pfizer
- Roche and MorphoSys
- Wyeth and Elan
- 2.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Alzheimer' s Disease
Chapter 3 ADDICTION
- 3.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
- Cocaine Addiction
- Nicotine Addiction (Smoking Cessation)
- 3.2. Why Immunotherapies for Addiction?
- 3.3. Companies Developing Immunotherapies for Cocaine Addiction or Smoking
Cessation
- Cocaine Addiction
- Celtic Pharma
- Nicotine Addiction (Smoking Cessation)
- Celtic Pharma
- Nabi Biopharmaceuticals
- Novartis and Cytos Biotechnology
- 3.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Cocaine Addiction or
Smoking Cessation
Chapter 4 OTHER NEUROLOGY INDICATIONS FOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNOTHERAPIES
- 4.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
- Multifocal Motor Neuropathy
- Pain
- Post-Polio Syndrome
- Other Potential Neurology Indications
- 4.2. Why Immunotherapies for Treatment of Pain?
- 4.3. Companies Developing or Marketing Immunotherapies for Other
Neurological Indications
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals' Soliris (eculizumab)
- Array BioPharma' s ARRY-797
- Baxter' s Immune Globulin
- CSL Behring' s Immune Globulin
- GlaxoSmithKline' s 249320 (GSK249320)
- Pfizer' s Tanezumab
- Pharmalink' s Xepol (XP-28)
- Talecris Biotherapeutics' Gamunex
- 4.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Other Neurological
Indications
Chapter 5 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES INCLUDING THROMBOSIS
- 5.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
- Angina
- Atherosclerosis
- Dyslipidemia (Elevated Cholesterol and Other Lipids)
- Hypertension
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Digoxin Toxicity
- 5.2. Why Immunotherapies for Selected Cardiovascular Diseases?
- 5.3. Companies Developing Immunotherapies for Cardiovascular Diseases
- Ablynx' ALX-0081 and ALX-0681
- BTG' s DigiFab
- BTG' s Angiotensin Therapeutic Vaccine
- Centocor Ortho Biotech' s and Eli Lilly' s ReoPro (abciximab)
- Cytos Biotechnology' s CYT006-AngQb
- Genentech' s and BioInvent International' s BI-204 (anti-oxLDL)
- GlaxoSmithKline' s Digibind
- Roche' s and Genmab' s R1512
- ThromboGenics' and BioInvent International' s TB-402
- 5.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Cardiovascular Diseases
Chapter 6 HEMATOLOGY/BLOOD DISORDERS
- 6.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
- Idiopathic (Immune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- Rh Incompatibility and Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
- 6.2. Why Immunotherapies for Selected Hematology/Blood Disorders?
- 6.3. Companies Developing or Marketing Immunotherapies for
Hematology/Blood Disorders
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals' Soliris (eculizumab)
- Amgen' s Nplate (romiplostim)
- Immune Globulin Preparations for Idiopathic (Immune) Thrombocytopenic
Purpura (ITP)
- Rho(D) Immune Globulin Preparations and LFB' s Anti-Rhesus D Monoclonal
Antibody
- 6.4. Business Considerations: Immunotherapies for Hematology/Blood
Disorders
Chapter 7 OPHTHALMOLOGY
- 7.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema
- Retinal Vein Occlusion
- Uveitis
- 7.2. Why Antibody-Based Therapies for Selected Ophthalmic Diseases?
- 7.3. Companies Developing Antibody-Based Therapies for Ophthalmic Diseases
- ESBATech' s ESBA105
- Genentech' s and Novartis' Lucentis (ranibizumab)
- Lpath' s iSONEP (sonepcizumab)
- 7.4. Business Considerations: Antibody-Based Therapies for Ophthalmic
Diseases
Chapter 8 OSTEOPOROSIS AND OTHER BONE METABOLISM DISORDERS
- 8.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
- 8.2. Why Antibodies for Selected Bone Metabolism Disorders?
- 8.3. Companies Developing Antibodies for Osteoporosis and Other Bone
Metabolism Disorders
- Ablynx' ALX-0141
- Amgen' s Denosumab
- Amgen' s and UCB Pharma' s Sclerostin Ab
- 8.4. Business Considerations: Antibodies for Osteoporosis and Other Bone
Metabolism Disorders
Chapter 9 TYPE 2 DIABETES
- 9.1. Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Current Treatments
- 9.2. Why Monoclonal Antibodies for Type 2 Diabetes?
- 9.3. Companies Developing Monoclonal Antibodies for Type 2 Diabetes
- Amgen' s AMG 477
- Cytos Biotechnology' s CYT013-IL1bQb
- Novartis' Ilaris (canakinumab)
- Xoma' s XOMA 052
- 9.4. Business Considerations: Monoclonal Antibodies for Type 2 Diabetes
Chapter 10 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNOTHERAPIES
- 10.1. Companies Developing Antibodies, Antibody-Based Drugs, and
Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Other Indications
- Amgen' s AMG 745
- AstraZeneca' s and BTG' s CytoFab
- BTG' s CroFab and ViperaTAb
- ESBATech' s ESBA105
- FibroGen' s FG-3019
- Genzyme' s GC1008
- GlaxoSmithKline' s 656933 (Sb656933)
- Novartis' Ilaris (canakinumab)
- Immune Globulin Preparations for Other Indications
- 10.2. Business Considerations: Antibodies and Immunotherapies for Other
Indications
Chapter 11 EXPERT INTERVIEWS
- 11.1. Steven Glazer, MD; Senior Vice President, Development; BioInvent
International
- 11.2. Josefin-Beate (Josi) Holz, MD, Chief Medical Officer & Eva-Lotta
Allan, Chief Business Officer; Ablynx
- 11.3. David Y. Liu, PhD, Vice President, Research & William Hodder, Vice
President, Business Development; FibroGen
- 11.4. Steve Pakola, MD; Chief Medical Officer; ThromboGenics
- 11.5. Andrea Pfeifer, PhD; Chief Executive Officer; AC Immune
- 11.6. Roger Sabbadini, PhD; Founder, Vice President, Chief Scientific
Officer; Lpath
- 11.7. Walter Schmidt, PhD; Chief Executive Officer; AFFiRiS
References
Company Index with Web Addresses
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