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시장보고서
LARGE-FORMAT RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE IN TRANSPORT - TYPES, APPLICATIONS, NEW DEVELOPMENTS, INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND GLOBAL MARKETS
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Abstract
Large format, rechargeable lithium batteries are constructed from many lithium
cells. These cells are typically connected together electrically to form what
is commonly referred to as a “battery module.” Modules are then
connected together electrically to form a “battery assembly.”
Cells are used to construct modules which meet the definition of a
“battery,” subject to testing requirements which include U.S.,
European and Japanese standards and one internationally accepted standard, the
U.N. testing requirements.
With increasing size, battery manufacturers face dramatically increasing costs
and testing complexities. The benefit of such extensive testing of assemblies
is the guarantee that the Li-ion batteries will last - with unimpaired
functionality, power and safety - for the required ten years or 160,000km to
240,000km.
Using Li-ion technology in vehicles poses particular challenges. The battery
has to operate safely and reliably for the whole of the life cycle stipulated
by the vehicle manufacturer, which is at least ten years. This is achieved by
an elaborate battery management system which monitors the battery so that it
is always within the optimum working range. The electronics compare the
battery' s overall condition, temperature and energy reserves against its age.
Safety circuits prevent the energy storage unit from becoming too hot. A cell
supervision circuit (CSC) monitors the individual cells and ensures their
optimum interaction. So that cells are not permanently subjected to uneven
loads, the CSC balances the charge levels of all the cells in the battery.
Although, Pb-acid and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries still control the
transport energy storage batteries, lithium-ion batteries are currently
emerging as an alternative source. These batteries not only come in a smaller
and lighter package, but also provide twice the available power and twice the
available energy density of the incumbent NiMH technologies. The efficiency
that stems from the power and energy density solutions of lithium-ion
chemistry is enabling a new generation of hybrid and electric vehicles that
are more powerful and more energy efficient than ever before.
This iRAP report focuses on large format, high performance, rechargeable
lithium batteries and their potential use in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
(PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), electric vehicles (EVs), light
electric vehicles (LEVs) and heavy duty hybrid vehicles (HHEVs) which are the
next great transportation advance that will move us into a cleaner, cheaper,
and more oil-independent future.
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
Sharp competition and legislation are pushing development of hybrid drive
trains. Based on conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, these
drive trains offer a wide range of benefits, from reduced fuel consumption and
emission to multifaceted performance improvements. The battery is the key
component for all hybrid drive trains, as it dominates cost and performance
issues. The selection of the right battery technology for the specific
automotive application is an important task which impacts on costs of
development and use. Safety, power, and high cycle life are a must for all
hybrid applications.
The greatest pressure to reduce cost is in soft hybrids, where lead-acid
batteries present the cheapest solution, with a considerable improvement in
performance needed. From mild to full hybridization, an improvement in
specific power makes higher costs more acceptable, provided that the battery' s
service life is equivalent to the vehicle' s lifetime. Today, this is proven
for the nickel- metal hydride system (NiMH system). Lithium-ion batteries,
which make use of a multiple safety concept, with further development
anticipated, provide even better prospects in terms of performance and costs.
Also, their scalability permits application in battery electric vehicles - the
basis for better performance and enhanced user acceptance.
The next generation of large format, rechargeable, lithium-ion batteries has
improved safety characteristics in part through the use of alternative,
nanosized materials, particularly phosphates. Traditional Li-ion technology
uses active materials with particles that range in size from 5 microns to 20
microns.
This report identifies the trends and strategies driving large format,
rechargeable lithium battery market segments, and focuses on detailed market
share data and quantification in transport applications including:
- electric vehicles/plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs);
- light duty (passenger vehicles);
- medium duty (trucks, etc.); and
- heavy duty (heavy equipment).
Non-road electric vehicles include:
- fork lifts, material handling equipment, personnel carriers and cleaners;
and
- airport ground support equipment (GSE) - (electrification of ground
support equipment at airports).
Electric idling initiatives (substituting electrification for petroleum-fueled idling operations) include:
- "cold ironing" - cruise ship and cargo terminals;
- locomotive electric idling; and
- truck stop electrification.
This study provides market data about the size and growth of the battery
application segments, new developments including a detailed patent analysis,
company profiles and industry trends. The goal of this report is to provide a
detailed and comprehensive multi-client study of the market in North America,
Europe, Japan, China, India, Korea and the rest of the world (ROW) for large
format rechargeable lithium batteries, and potential business opportunities in
the future.
The objectives include thorough coverage of the underlying economic issues
driving the large format, rechargeable lithium battery, as well as assessments
of new advanced nano-enabled battery that are being developed. Another
important objective is to provide realistic market data and forecasts for
large format, lithium battery usage. The study provides the most thorough and
up-to-date assessment that can be found anywhere on the subject. The study
also provides extensive quantification of the many important facets of market
developments in large format, rechargeable lithium batteries all over the
world. This, in turn, contributes to the determination of strategic responses
companies may adopt in order to compete in this dynamic market.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
The market data contained in this report quantifies opportunities for large
format, rechargeable lithium batteries. In addition to product types, it also
covers the many issues concerning the merits and future prospects of the large
format lithium battery business, including corporate strategies and the means
for providing these highly advanced products and service offerings. It also
covers, in detail, the economic and technological issues regarded by many as
critical to the industry' s current state of change.
The report provides separate comprehensive analyses for the U.S., Japan,
western Europe, China, Korea, and the rest of the world. Annual forecasts are
provided for each region for the period 2009 through 2014. Cost analysis of
large-format lithium-ion batteries, analysis of global patent activity, and
market competition and dynamics in the new technology are also targeted in the
report. The report profiles 30 companies, including many key and niche players
worldwide, as technology providers, raw material suppliers and large-format
battery assemblers.
REPORT SUMMARY
Low-cost, long-life lithium batteries are seen as essential for accelerated
development of alternative power vehicles, ranging from the now familiar
gasoline-electric hybrids that double normal fuel economy to hydrogen fuel
cell vehicles that use no petroleum.
Efficient energy storage systems for hybrid drives will acquire increasing
significance in the future. It is precisely storage systems such as
lithium-ion technology that will greatly affect the performance and costs of
hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles. Preferably, small and
light systems with a simultaneously high capacity for charging and discharging
are required. Besides increasing the performance, the development work centers
on the service life of the battery systems in various drive cycles and
temperature ranges.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric cars need more robust
lithium batteries than conventional hybrids, because the batteries undergo a
more severe duty cycle, charged to the brim and then nearly drained. Today' s
large-format, rechargeable lithium batteries have a modular embedded
micro-controller battery management system (BMS), with thousands of lithium
cells connected in-loop to take care of proprietary safety, state-of-charge,
state-of-health, balancing and diagnostics algorithms, which together serve to
maximize the utility and reliability of systems solutions. They also have a
variety of available communications interfaces (CAN, J1939, RS-232, etc.) to
facilitate the seamless integration of the battery into the vehicle system.
Major findings of this report are:
- The 2009 market was estimated to be about $80 million. In 2009, we
estimate the market to be flat or going down slightly, to $77 million. In
spite of the recession, iRAP estimates the market to reach $332 million in
2014, for an average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 33.9%. Midway through the
projection period, it is estimated that Li-ion batteries for HEVs, PHEVs and
EVs will be in wider use, thereby providing a large growth rate.
- Customized batteries for off-road vehicles and industrial vehicles such as
electric fork lifts, golf carts and motorized wheel chairs, will have highest
market share, reaching 51.9% of the market in 2009; by 2014, this share will
decrease to 15%. In 2014, large-format lithium batteries for HEVs, PHEVs and
EVs will have a 26.6% share of the global market, at $88 million.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
- STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
- REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
- CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE AND FORMAT
- METHODOLOGY
- INFORMATION SOURCES
- WHOM THE STUDY CATERS TO
- AUTHOR' S CREDENTIALS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- SUMMARY TABLE MARKET FOR LARGE-FORMAT, RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES BY
TYPE OF VEHICLE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) X
- SUMMARY FIGURE MARKET FOR LARGE-FORMAT, RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES BY
TYPE OF VEHICLES USED ($ MILLION) X
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
- TABLE 1. POPULAR MODELS OF HEVS, PHEVS AND EVS TARGETED FOR LITHIUM BATTERY USGAE
- TABLE 2. TYPES OF LARGE-FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERY FOR TRANSPORT (ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE) CHEMISTRIES AND THEIR CAPABILITIES
- TABLE 3. LARGE-FORMAT, RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY CELLS-RELATED PARTS SUPPLIERS MANUFACTURERS, SYSTEM INTEGRATORS, PRODUCT LINE REFERENCE
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
- LARGE-FORMAT, RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
- CELL DESIGN
- THERMAL MANAGEMENT
- POWER INTERFACE
- CONTROL INTERFACE
- PACKAGING
- BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (BMS) IN LARGE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION
BATTERIES IN VEHICLES
- ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT
- THERMAL MANAGEMENT
- SAFETY
- WORKING PRINCIPLES OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
- FIGURE 1. SCHEMATIC OF A LITHIUM-ION CELL
- MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS FOR LI-ION BATTERIES
- LITHIUM NICKEL COBALT MANGANESE (NCM OR NMC)
- LITHIUM NICKEL COBALT ALUMINUM
- LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE (LMS)
- LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE (LFP)
- LITHIUM TITANATE OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIAL AS ANODE
- LITHIUM POLYMER
- LITHIUM METAL POLYMER - LMP
- FIGURE 2. LITHIUM METAL POLYMER CELL CONSTRUCTION
- CATHODES
- TABLE 4. CATHODE ELECTRODE MATERIAL ENERGY RATINGS
- ANODES
- SEPARATORS
- ELECTROLYTE
- TABLE 5. ELECTROLYTES USED IN LARGE-FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERIES
- ORGANIC SOLVENTS
- TABLE 6. ORGANIC SOLVENTS USED IN LARGE FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERIES
- TABLE 7. TYPE OF ELECTROLYTES USED ACCORDING TO TYPE OF LITHIUM CELLS
- CELL PACKAGING
- SAFETY CIRCUITS
- MODULE AND BATTERY PACK MATERIALS
- TESTING
- FUNCTION OF RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES V/S NICKEL HYDRID BATTERIES
- LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SAFETY
- HOW CELL TYPES DIFFER
- FIGURE 3. SCHEMATIC OF A CYLINDRICAL LITHIUM-ION CELL
- FROM CELLS TO MODULES TO BATTERY PACKS
- FIGURE 4. SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF A CELL, MODULE AND PACK
- FIGURE 5. DIFFERENT SHAPES OF CELLS USED IN LITHIUM BATTERIES
APPLICATIONS
- HEAVY DUTY HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
- TABLE 8. MULTIPLE TYPES OF HYBRID VEHICLES
- ON-ROAD ELECTRIC VEHICLES
- TABLE 9. COMPARISON OF HEV, PHEV AND HEAVY DUTY HYBRID VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES
- OFF-ROAD VEHICLES AND INDUSTRIAL VEHICLES
- LIGHT ELECTRIC VEHICLES
- BATTERY REQUIREMENTS
- TABLE 10. TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF LARGE-FORMAT BATTERIES FOR BICYCLES / EBIKES / SCOOTERS
- BATTERIES FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS - HEVS, PHEVS AND EVS
- HYBRID LIGHT VEHICLES
- BATTERIES FOR HEVS
- PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLES
- ELECTRIC VEHICLES/ZERO EMISSION VEHICLES (EV/ZEV)
- BATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND ZERO EMISSION VEHICLES
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- TABLE 11. LARGE-FORMAT AND SMALL-FORMAT BATTERY USAGE
- LEADING VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS WORKING WITH LITHIUM BATTERIES
- JOINT VENTURES AND TIE-UPS
- TABLE 12. MAJOR BATTERY MANUFACTURERS AND VEHICLE OEMS TIE-UPS FOR FUTURE LARGE-FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERIES FOR TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS
- PRICE ANALYSIS OF LARGE-FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERIES (CASE STUDY: HEVS)
- FIGURE 6. COST CONTRIBUTIONS OF HEV COMPONENTS AND COST CONTRIBUTION OF BATTERY COMPONENTS IN LARGE-FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERIES
- PRICE ANALYSIS OF CYLINDRICAL CELLS 18650 USED IN LARGE-FORMAT LITHIUM ION
BATTERIES (CASE STUDY: PHEVS/EVS/FPBEVS/ZEVS)
- TABLE 13. EXAMPLE OF LARGE-FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERY ASSEMBLIES AND CELL CONSTITUENTS
- TABLE 14. PRICE ANALYSIS OF CELL TYPE 18650 LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE AND OTHER CHEMISTRIES
- R&D FUNDING
- TABLE 15. FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENTS TO DEVELOP ADVANCED LITHIUM BATTERIES (THROUGH MAY 14, 2009)
GLOBAL MARKET AND REGIONAL MARKET SHARES
- EFFECT OF AUTO INDUSTRY MELTDOWN AND FALLING OIL PRICES ON THE MARKET
- MARKET ACCORDING TO TYPES OF VEHICLES
- TABLE 16. VOLUME OF LARGE-FORMAT, RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES USED IN HEVS, PHEVS AND EVS IN 2009 AND 2014
- INFORMATION SOURCES AND BASIS OF MARKET ESTIMATION
- TABLE 17. MARKET FOR LARGE-FORMAT RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES, 2009
- TABLE 18. MARKET FOR LARGE-FORMAT RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES, 2014
- TABLE 19. MARKET FOR LARGE-FORMAT RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES BY TYPE OF VEHICLE ($ MILLION)
- FIGURE 7. MARKET SHARE OF LARGE-FORMAT RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES BY TYPE OF VEHICLE
- MARKET FOR LARGE-FORMAT RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES BY CELL
CHEMISTRY
- TABLE 20. MARKET FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FOR TRANSPORT BY MATERIAL CHEMISTRY, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
- FIGURE 8. MARKET FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FOR TRANSPORT BY MATERIAL CHEMISTRY
- MARKET FOR LARGE-FORMAT, RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES BY REGION
- TABLE 21. MARKET FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FOR TRANSPORT BY REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
- FIGURE 9. MARKET FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FOR TRANSPORT BY REGION ($ MILLIONS)
PATENTS AND PATENT ANALYSIS
- LIST OF PATENTS
- LARGE-FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERIES - U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY
- BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
- NANOPARTICLE-BASED POWDER COATINGS AND CORRESPONDING STRUCTURES
- LITHIUM SECONDARY CELL WITH HIGH CHARGE AND DISCHARGE RATE
- STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR JOINING ARTICLES AND MATERIALS AND
USES THEREFORE
- BATTERY CONTROLLER AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A BATTERY
- POST-DEPOSITION ENCAPSULATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES: COMPOSITION, DEVICES
AND SYSTEMS INCORPORATING THE SAME
- METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISSIPATION OF HEAT GENERATED BY A SECONDARY
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
- METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR DEPOSITION OF THIN FILMS
- METHODS OF MAKING, POSITIONING AND ORIENTING NANOSTRUCTURES,
NANOSTRUCTURE ARRAYS AND NANOSTRUCTURE DEVICES
- ARRAY-BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS
- NANOCOMPOSITES
- SYNTHESIS OF METAL PHOSPHATES
- ELECTRODES COMPRISING MIXED ACTIVE PARTICLES
- PARTICULATE ELECTRODE INCLUDING ELECTROLYTE FOR A RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM
BATTERY
- CIRCUITS, APPARATUS, ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE CHARGING METHODS, AND
LITHIUM-MIXED METAL ELECTRODE CELL CHARGING METHODS
- SECONDARY BATTERY ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE
SAME
- OLIGO PHOSPHATE-BASED ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING
SAME
- LITHIUM-BASED ACTIVE MATERIALS AND PREPARATION THEREOF
- PROCESS FOR MAKING NANOSIZED STABILIZED ZIRCONIA
- LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOR THE SAME
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING MIXED OXIDES AND MMETAL OXIDE COMPOUNDS
- METHODS OF MAKING, POSITIONING AND ORIENTING NANOSTRUCTURES,
NANOSTRUCTURE ARRAYS AND NANOSTRUCTURE DEVICES
- METHODS OF MAKING LITHIUM METAL CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIALS
- METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NANOSIZED LITHIUM-COBALT OXIDES BY FLAME
SPRAYING PYROLYSIS
- POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR SECONDARY BATTERY AND NON-AQUEOUS
ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING THE SAME
- LITHIUM-CONTAINING PHOSPHATE ACTIVE MATERIALS
- PROCESS FOR MAKING LITHIUM TITANATE
- LITHIUM-BASED ACTIVE MATERIALS AND PREPARATION THEREOF
- PROCESS FOR MAKING NANOSIZED AND SUB-MICRON-SIZED LITHIUM-TRANSITION
METAL OXIDE
- STOCHASTIC ASSEMBLY OF SUBLITHOGRAPHIC NANOSCALE INTERFACES
- METHODS OF POSITIONING AND/OR ORIENTING NANOSTRUCTURES
- STABILIZED ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL ACTIVE MATERIAL
- SALTS OF ALKALI METALS OF N, N' DISTRIBUTED AMIDES OF ALKANE SULFINIC
ACID AND NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES ON THEIR BASIS
- LITHIUM METAL FLUOROPHOSPHATE MATERIALS AND PREPARATION THEREOF
- LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY
- PARTICULATE ELECTRODE INCLUDING PHOSPHATES AND RELATED ELECTRODE ACTIVE
MATERIALS
- ALKALI TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATES AND ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIALS
- POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS AND POWER SUPPLY OPERATIONAL METHODS
- ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCE APPARATUS, CIRCUITS, ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE
CHARGING METHODS
- ALKALI METAL HYDROGEN PHOSPHATES AS PRECURSOR FOR PHOSPHATE-CONTAINING
ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVE MATERIALS
- NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY CELL
- NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
- ALKALI/TRANSITION METAL HALO- AND HYDROXYL-PHOSPHATES AND RELATED
ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIALS
- ELECTRICAL ENERGY APPARATUS USES, ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONDITIONING
CIRCUITS, AND ELECTRICAL SUPPLY METHODS
- COMPOSITE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION, ELECTRODE AND
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION, AND NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERY
- COMPOSITE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERY
- METHODS OF MAKING TRANSITION METAL COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS CATHODE ACTIVE
MATERIALS
- CIRCUITS, APPARATUS, ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE CHARGING METHODS, AND
LITHIUM-MIXED ELECTRODE CELL CHARGING METHODS
- LITHIUM-BASED ACTIVE MATERIALS AND PREPARATION THEREOF
- LITHIUM-CONTAINING PHOSPHATES, METHOD OF PREPARATION, AND USES THEREOF
- LITHIUM CELL BASED ON LITHIATED TRANSITION METAL TITANATES
- LITHIUM-CONTAINING PHOSPHATES AND METHOD OF PREPARATION
- POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR SECONDARY BATTERY AND NON-AQUEOUS SECONDARY
BATTERY
- SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY CONSTRUCTION FOR IMPROVED HEAT TRANSFER
- LITHIUM-CONTAINING MATERIALS
- SYNTHESIS OF LITHIATED TRANSITION METAL TITANATES FOR LITHIUM CELLS
- PREPARATION OF LITHIUM-CONTAINING MATERIALS
- PREPARATION OF LITHIUM-CONTAINING MATERIALS
- LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATALYST STRUCTURES
PATENT ANALYSIS
- TABLE 22. NUMBER OF U.S. PATENTS GRANTED TO COMPANIES FOR LARGE-FORMAT, AUTOMOTIVE GRADE, RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES FROM 2004 TO OCTOBER 2008
- FIGURE 10. TOP COMPANIES IN NUMBER OF U.S. PATENTS GRANTED FOR LARGE FORMAT LITHIUM BATTERIES FOR TRANSPORT FROM 2004 TO 2008
- INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW OF U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN LITHIUM BATTERIES
- TABLE 23. NUMBER OF U.S. PATENTS GRANTED BY COUNTRY/REGION FOR LARGE-FORMAT, AUTOMOTIVE LITHIUM BATTERIES FROM 2004 TO DEC 2008
- IMPORTANT SELECTED WORLD PATENTS
- WO/2007/116971 - LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL-BASED COMPOUND POWDER FOR
POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL IN LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
- WO/2002/011217 - PARTICULATE ELECTROLYTE FOR A RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM
BATTERY
- WO/2007/132993- BMS HAVING WATERPROOF FUNCTION
- WO/2006/082425) - A BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR USE IN ONE OR MORE
CELLS
- WO/2008/068446 - BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
- WO/2008/055505 - A BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR LITHIUM ION CELLS
- WO/2005/057753 - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLE BATTERY CELL
- WO/2007/050109 - LITHIUM BATTERY MANGEMENT SYSTEM
- WO/2008/045455 - LITHIUM BATTERY SYSTEM
- WO/2008/082111- MIDDLE- OR LARGE-SIZED BATTERY PACK CASE PROVIDING
IMPROVED DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY IN COOLANT FLUX
- US20070124980A1 - CARTRIDGE FOR MIDDLE- OR LARGE-SIZED BATTERY PACK
- EP20060126328 - BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD
- EP20060026101 - BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
COMPANY PROFILES
- A123SYSTEMS
- ADVANCED BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (ABAT)
- ALTAIR NANOTECHNOLOGIES
- THUNDER SKY BATTERY LIMITED
- TOSHIBA BATTERY CO., LTD.
- VALENCE TECHNOLOGY INC.
APPENDIX I
- TABLE 24. BATTERY-POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLES DEMONSTRATED OR ANNOUNCED BY OEMS USING LARGE-FORMAT RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES
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