홈 카테고리 맞춤형시장조사 국제컨퍼런스 글로벌 파트너 메일링 서비스 회사소개회사소개 Contact Us
English Japaness Chinese
Home > 시장보고서 > 정보통신 > CO2 감축 > Green Mobile Networks & Base Stations Strategies, Scenarios & Forecasts 2009-2014
카테고리
정보통신 (10884)
광네트워크 (223)
기업정보 프로필 (558)
네트워크 (657)
네트워크/접속기기 (256)
데이터센터 (332)
디지털방송 (294)
모바일 가입자 (114)
모바일기기 (768)
무선랜/와이맥스 (559)
브로드밴드 (338)
셋톱박스 (65)
소프트웨어 (977)
온라인마케팅 (142)
웹서비스 (539)
위성통신 (143)
전자상거래 (207)
차세대 무선통신 (499)
컨버전스 (171)
컨텐츠 (610)
콜센터 (106)
통합커뮤니케이션 (298)
IT 아웃소싱 (288)
IT보안 (489)
LBS (160)
NFC (151)
RFID (216)
시장보고서

Green Mobile Networks & Base Stations Strategies, Scenarios & Forecasts 2009-2014

리서치사 Juniper Research
발행일 2009년 07월 상품코드 94765
페이지 정보 107 Pages
가격
US $ 2,830 ￦ 3,371,900 Hard Copy
US $ 2,830 ￦ 3,371,900 Web Download (Single User License)
US $ 4,050 ￦ 4,825,500 Web Download (Multi User Network License (2-5 Users)
US $ 6,070 ￦ 7,232,400 Web Download(Enterprise Wide License)


영문목차

Abstract

Overview

This strategic report provides unique scenario based forecasts (incremental, progressive and transformational) for green mobile base station deployments as well as total on-grid and off-grid base station power consumption forecasts, base station electricity costs and CO2 emissions, all split by eight key regions for six years.

Drawing on a series of in-depth interviews with senior executives from network operators and infrastructure vendors, the report focuses on means of improving efficiency within the base station, analysing techniques such as reduced air conditioning, network planning, automated meter readings, remote radio head deployment and the use of feederless sites.

The various options for renewable energy including solar power, wind, biodiesel, fuel cells and pico-hydro are discussed at length and the possibilities for, and constraints of, each method are analysed.

Key questions:
  • What commercial benefits will the introduction of environmentally sustainable business practices bring to the mobile industry?
  • What strategies should operators utilise to reduce energy wastage in the network?
  • To what extent will the widespread deployment of energy efficient base stations reduce CO2 emissions from the mobile network?
  • Which vendors and operators have thus far been most proactive in promoting and implementing green policies?
  • Which operators currently offer networks fuelled by renewable energy?
  • How much will the deployment of off-grid base stations fuelled by renewable energy reduce operator electricity costs?
  • What are the opportunities and constraints for renewable energy deployments?

Key Benefits:
  • A unique source of combined research and analysis for the green mobile market including technologies, market characteristics and forecasts.
  • Practical analysis of the emerging opportunities for vendors and operators.
  • Unique insights: indudes interviews of leading players with significant experience of the green mobile market.
  • Benefit from fresh thinking and intelligent market assessment.

Table of Contents

Glossary

Executive Summary

  • Introduction
  • What This Report Covers
  • Three Scenarios: Incremental, Progressive, Transformational
    • Scenario Comparison
      • Base Station CO2 Emissions
        • Figure ES1: CO2 Emissions (Mt) from Base Station Electricity Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
        • Table ES1: CO2 Emissions (Mt) from Base Station Electricity Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
        • Figure ES2: Base Station CO2 Emissions (kg) Per Mobile Subscriber Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
        • Table ES2: Base Station CO2 Emissions (kg) Per Mobile Subscriber Split by Scenario, 2008- 2014
      • Base Station Electricity Costs
        • Figure ES3: Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
        • Table ES3: Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
        • Figure ES4: Base Station Electricity Usage (kWh) Per Mobile Subscriber Per Annum Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
        • Table ES4: Base Station Electricity Usage (kWh) Per Mobile Subscriber Per Annum Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
    • Strategic Recommendations

1. The Need for Change

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 The Global Drive for Climate Change
    • 1.2.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
    • 1.2.2 Regional and National Legislation
      • i. European Union
        • a. RoHS & WEEE
          • RoHS Direct Impact on the Mobile Industry: The Treo 650
        • b. Carbon Trading: Obligations and Opportunities
  • 1.3 Key Drivers for Environmentally Sustainable Business Practices
    • 1.3.1 Regulatory: Existing CO2 Levels Must be Reduced to Protect the Environment
    • 1.3.2 Consumer-Driven: Environmental Considerations are Influencing Choice of Product
    • 1.3.3 Economic: The Need for Energy Efficiency
    • 1.3.4 Economic: The Rising Costs of Fossil Fuels
  • 1.4 The Industry Response: Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Pilot Project
    • Figure 1.1: ICT Impacts and Opportunities
    • Table 1.1: IPP Pilot Project Stages
  • 1.5 The Growth of the Mobile Market and Its Environmental Impact
    • 1.5.1 Mobile User Base
      • Figure 1.2: Mobile Subscriber Base (m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2007-2014
      • Table 1.2: Mobile Subscriber Base (m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2007-2014
    • 1.5.2 The Growing Demand for Base Stations
      • Figure1.3: Average Number of Subscribers Per Active Base Station Split by 8 Key Regions, 2014
      • Table 1.3: Average Number of Subscribers Per Active Base Station Split by 8 Key Regions, 2007-2014
      • Figure 1.4: Total Number of Active Base Stations (m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2007-2014
      • Table 1.4: Total Number of Active Base Stations (m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2007-2014
    • 1.5.3 CO2 Emissions Across the Mobile Industry
      • Figure 1.5: Mobile Use Phase, CO2 Emissions, 2008
      • i. Consumers
      • ii. Radio Base Station
      • iii. Network Control, Core & Data Servers
    • 1.5.4 Reducing the Footprint
      • Figure 1.6: Maintaining a Stable CO2 Footprint - Growth in Mobile Subscriber Base vs. CO2 Emissions Per User, 2008-2014
  • 1.6 Three Scenarios: Incremental, Progressive, Transformational
    • Table 1.5: Top-line Scenario-Based Forecast Assumptions
    • 1.6.1 Methodology
      • Figure 1.7 Forecast Methodology

2. Powering the Network

  • 2.1 Key Forms of Renewable Energy
    • 2.1.1 Solar Energy
    • 2.1.2 Wind
      • Figure 2.1: Wind Turbine Designs
    • 2.1.3 Other Forms of Renewable Energy
      • i. Pico-Hydro Power
      • ii. Biodiesel
      • iii. Fuel Cells
  • 2.2 Renewable Energy in Developed Markets
    • Figure 2.2: Selected Operators and Vendors, Percentage Green Electricity Utilisation, 2008
    • Table 2.1: Selected Operators and Vendors, Green Electricity Utilisation (2008) and Future Targets
  • 2.3 Renewable Energy in Developing Markets
    • Table 2.2: Energy Efficiency Comparison: Vodafone India versus Other Vodafone Companies, 2008/9
    • 2.3.1 GSMA Green Power Initiative
    • 2.3.2 Renewable Energy Deployments in Developing Markets
      • i. Case Study: Vodafone/Vodacom
      • ii. Case Study: Nokia Siemens Networks/ETC Ethiopia
        • Figure 2.3: NSN Solar Panel Array at Ethiopia Base Station
      • iii. Case Study: Safaricom
        • Figure 2.4: Huawei Wind-solar-diesel Powered BTS, Kenya
  • 2.4 Constraints on Renewable Energy
    • 2.4.1 Wind Energy
      • i. Geographic Location
      • ii. Cost
      • iii. Turbine Design Must be Optimised to Reflect Localised Conditions
    • 2.4.2 Solar Energy
      • i. Geographic Location
      • ii. Cost
        • Figure 2.5: RPI of Solar Modules, US and Europe
        • Figure 2.6: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Potential in European Countries
    • 2.4.3 Other Renewable Resources
      • i. Biodiesel
  • 2.4 Which Renewable Energy Resource?
    • 2.4.1 Developing Markets
      • Figure 2.7: Motorola Assessment Model for Network Energy Resource
        • i. Capex and Opex
        • ii. Location
        • iii. Load Requirements

3. Base Station Forecasts

  • 3.1 Base Station Deployments
    • 3.1.1 Incremental Scenario
      • Table 3.1: Incremental Scenario - Base Station Deployments Per Annum Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.2: Incremental Scenario - Percentage of Deployed Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.1: Incremental Scenario - Annual Deployments of Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.3: Incremental Scenario - Annual Deployments of Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 3.1.2 Progressive Scenario
      • Table 3.4: Progressive Scenario - Base Station Deployments Per Annum Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.5: Progressive Scenario - Percentage of Annual Deployments of Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.2: Progressive Scenario - Annual Deployments of Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.6: Progressive Scenario - Annual Deployments of Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 3.1.3 Transformational Scenario
      • Table 3.7: Transformational Scenario - Base Station Deployments Per Annum Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.8: Transformational Scenario - Percentage of Annual Deployments of Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.3: Transformational Scenario- Annual Deployments of Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.9: Transformational Scenario - Annual Deployments of Base Stations Which Utilise Renewable Energy Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
  • 3.2 Green Electricity
    • 3.2.1 Incremental Scenario
      • Table 3.10: Incremental Scenario - Percentage of Total Base Station Electricity Generated by Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.4: Incremental Scenario - Annual Power Generation (GHz) from Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.11: Incremental Scenario - Annual Power Generation (GWh) from Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 3.2.2 Progressive Scenario
      • Table 3.12: Progressive Scenario - Percentage of Total Base Station Electricity Generated by Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.5: Progressive Scenario - Annual Power Generation (GHz) from Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split By 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.13: Progressive Scenario - Annual Power Generation (GWh) from Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 3.2.3 Transformational Scenario
      • Table 3.14: Transformational Scenario - Percentage of Total Base Station Electricity Generated by Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.6: Transformational Scenario - Annual Power Generation (GWh) from Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.15: Transformational Scenario - Annual Power Generation (GWh) from Off-Grid Renewable Resources Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
  • 3.3 CO2 Emissions
    • 3.3.1 Emissions from Grid Electricity
      • i. Incremental Scenario
        • Figure 3.7: Incremental Scenario - CO2 Emissions (kg/kWh) of Base Station Grid Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.16: Incremental Scenario - CO2 Emissions (kg/kWh) of Base Station Grid Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Figure 3.8: Incremental Scenario - On-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.17: Incremental Scenario - On-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • ii. Progressive Scenario
        • Figure 3.9: Progressive Scenario - CO2 Emissions (kg/kWh) of Base Station Grid Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.18: Progressive Scenario - CO2 Emissions (kg/kWh) of Base Station Grid Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Figure 3.10: Progressive Scenario - On-grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.19: Progressive Scenario - On-grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • iii. Transformational Scenario
        • Figure 3.11: Transformational Scenario - CO2 Emissions (kg/kWh) of Base Station Grid Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.20: Transformational Scenario - CO2 Emissions (kg/kWh) of Base Station Grid Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Figure 3.12: Transformational Scenario - On-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.21: Transformational Scenario - On-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 3.3.2 Emissions from Off-Grid Electricity
      • i. Incremental Scenario
        • Table 3.22: Incremental Scenario - Percentage of Base Station Electricity Derived from Diesel-Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Figure 3.13: Incremental Scenario - Base Station Electricity (GWh) Derived from Diesel-Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.23: Incremental Scenario - Base Station Electricity (GWh) Derived from Diesel-Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Figure 3.14: Incremental Scenario - Off-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.24: Incremental Scenario - Off-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • ii. Progressive Scenario
      • Table 3.25: Progressive Scenario - Percentage of Base Station Electricity Derived from Diesel-Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.15: Progressive Scenario - Base Station Electricity (GWh) Derived from Diesel-Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.26: Progressive Scenario - Base Station Electricity (GWh) Derived from Diesel- Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.16: Progressive Scenario - Off-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.27: Progressive Scenario - Off-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • iii. Transformational Scenario
      • Table 3.28: Transformational Scenario - Percentage of Base Station Electricity Derived from Diesel-Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.17: Transformational Scenario - Base Station Electricity (GWh) Derived from Diesel-Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.29: Transformational Scenario - Base Station Electricity (GWh) Derived from Diesel-Powered Off-Grid Generators Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 3.18: Transformational Scenario - Off-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.30: Transformational Scenario - Off-Grid Base Stations, CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 3.3.3 Total Base Station CO2 Emissions 71
      • i. Incremental Scenario
        • Figure 3.19: Incremental Scenario - Total Base Station CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.31: Incremental Scenario - Total Base Station CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • ii. Progressive Scenario
        • Figure 3.20: Progressive Scenario - Total Base Station CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.32: Progressive Scenario - Total Base Station CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • iii. Transformational Scenario
        • Figure 3.22: Transformational Scenario - Total Base Station CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.33: Transformational Scenario - Total Base Station CO2 Emissions (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • iv. Scenario Comparison
        • Figure 3.23: CO2 Emissions (Mt) from Base Station Electricity Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
        • Table 3.34: CO2 Emissions (Mt) from Base Station Electricity Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
    • 3.3.4 CO2 Emissions per Mobile Subscriber
      • Figure 3.24: Base Station CO2 Emissions (kg) Per Mobile Subscriber Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
      • Table 3.35: Base Station CO2 Emissions (kg) Per Mobile Subscriber Split by Scenario, 2008-2014

4. Enhancing the Network

  • 4.1 Introduction
    • Figure 4.1: Traditional Base Station Design
  • 4.2 How Can Power Wastage be Reduced?
    • 4.2.1 Network Planning
    • 4.2.2 Increasing Base Station Coverage/Reduce Inefficiency in PA
      • Figure 4.2: Heat Dissipation in Power Amplifier, Modulated Voltage vs. Fixed Voltage
    • 4.2.3 Reducing Air Conditioning
    • 4.2.4 Using Feederless Sites and Remote Radio Heads
      • Figure 4.3: Remote Station Configurations
      • i. Case Study: Flexi Base Stations
      • Figure 4.3: Nokia Flexi Base Stations
    • 4.2.5 Improving Efficiency Within the Cable
    • 4.2.6 Energy Saving/Standby
    • 4.2.7 Remote Monitoring
    • 4.2.8 Site Energy Efficiency
    • 4.2.9 Network Sharing

5. Base Station Power Consumption & Electricity Costs

  • 5.1 Implied Cost of Base Station Electricity
    • Figure 5.1: Global Average Implied Cost of Base Station Electricity Split by Source, 2008-2014
    • Table 5.1: Global Average Implied Cost of Base Station Electricity Split by Source, 2008-2014
  • 5.2 Power Output
    • 5.2.1 Incremental Scenario
      • Table 5.2: Incremental Scenario. Average Power Output Per Base Station (W) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 5.2: Incremental Scenario - Total Mobile Base Station Power Consumption (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.3: Incremental Scenario - Total Mobile Base Station Power Consumption (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 5.3.2 Progressive Scenario
      • Table 5.4: Progressive Scenario - Average Power Output Per Base Station (W) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 5.3: Progressive Scenario - Total Mobile Base Station Power Consumption (GWh) Split 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.5: Progressive Scenario - Total Mobile Base Station Power Consumption (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 5.3.3 Transformational Scenario
      • Table 5.6: Transformational Scenario - Average Power Output Per Base Station (W) Split By Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 5.4: Transformational Scenario - Total Mobile Base Station Power Consumption (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.7: Transformational Scenario - Total Mobile Base Station Power Consumption (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
  • 5.3 Cost of Electricity
    • 5.3.1 Incremental Scenario
      • Figure 5.5: Incremental Scenario - Implied Cost per kWh ($) of Base Station Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.8: Incremental Scenario - Implied Cost per kWh ($) of Base Station Electricity Split 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 5.6: Incremental Scenario - Total Operator Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.9: Incremental Scenario - Total Operator Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.10: Incremental Scenario - Total Electricity Costs in Relation to Operator-Billed Revenues (%) by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
    • 5.3.2 Progressive Scenario
      • Figure 5.7: Progressive Scenario - Implied Cost per kWh ($) of Base Station Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.11: Progressive Scenario - Implied Cost per kWh ($) of Base Station Electricity Split 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 5.8: Progressive Scenario - Total Operator Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.12: Progressive Scenario - Total Operator Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.13: Progressive Scenario - Total Electricity Costs in Relation to Operator-Billed Revenues (%) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 5.3.3 Transformational Scenario
      • Figure 5.9: Transformational Scenario - Implied Cost per kWh ($) of Base Station Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.14: Transformational Scenario - Implied Cost per kWh ($) of Base Station Electricity Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Figure 5.10: Transformational Scenario - Total Operator Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.15: Transformational Scenario - Total Operator Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.16: Transformational Scenario - Total Electricity Costs in Relation to Operator-Billed Revenues (%) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
    • 5.3.4 Scenario Comparison
      • Figure 5.11: Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.17: Base Station Electricity Costs ($m) Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
    • 5.3.5 Base Station Electricity Usage by Mobile Subscriber
      • Figure 5.12: Base Station Electricity Usage (kWh) Per Mobile Subscriber Per Annum Split by Scenario, 2008-2014
      • Table 5.18: Base Station Electricity Usage (kWh) Per Mobile Subscriber Per Annum Split by Scenario, 2008-2014

6. Environmentally Sustainable Business Practice

  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Environmental Management
    • 6.2.1 Waste Management
      • i. Network-related Waste
      • ii. Tertiary Waste
  • 6.3 Teleconferencing and Teleworking
    • 6.3.1 Case Study: TelePresence
      • Figure 6.1: Tandberg TelePresence T3 Videoconferencing Suite
  • 6.4 Greener Transport
    • 6.4.1 Greener Cars
      • i. LPG
    • 6.4.2 Offset Fleet Emissions
    • 6.4.3 Car Pooling
    • 6.4.4 Alternative Means of Travel
  • 6.5 Efficiencies in Online Data Storage
    • 6.5.1 Case Studies: AT&T
  • 6.6 Smart Networks
  • 6.7 Paperless Billing
    • Figure 6.2: Orange (France Telecom), Consumer Uptake of Paperless Billing, Fixed and Mobile Customers 2008
    • Table 6.1: Hypothetical Reduction in Paper Wastage & CO2 Emissions Based on 50% Adoption of Paperless Billing, Selected Markets
Back to Top