The Economics of Activated Carbon, 8th edition 2008

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발행일	2008년 09월	상품코드	74442
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한글목차
영문목차
관련자료

영문목차

Abstract

2007/08 have seen tightening availability and sharp price rises for activated carbon, a market characterised by surplus capacity and stable pricing over the previous decade. Production in China, which accounts for some 40% of both world activated carbon capacity and exports, has fallen due to worsening metallurgical coal shortages and the three-month closure in summer 2008 of operations in the vicinity of the Olympic Games to reduce air pollution. The reduced supply, imposition of 49-228% anti-dumping duties on US imports of steam-activated carbon from China since spring 2007, elimination of VAT rebates for Chinese exporters, currency fluctuations, and rising energy, freight and raw material costs all exerted upward pressure on activated carbon prices. Prices of coal-based grades have risen by up to 80% over the last 18 months, to exceed those of coconut shell-based grades for the first time.

Use of powdered activated carbon to control mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants in North America could potentially provide the largest ever market for activated carbon. Driven by state environmental legislation and limitations on new power plant construction, the US market is forecast to increase from 5,000t in 2007 to 125,000t in 2010. Growth in demand could accelerate to 400,000t in 2015 if federal legislation requiring use of powdered activated carbon is introduced. In traditional markets, growth in consumption will be concentrated in water treatment applications in the USA, to control disinfection by-products in municipal water, and in drinking and wastewater treatment in the industrialising countries of Asia, eastern Europe, Latin America and the Middle East.

The tight market balance for activated carbon and forecast growth rates of up to 10%py in world demand have encouraged plans for significant new production capacity. Projects underway or under consideration could raise capacity by some 250,000tpy, equivalent to 25% of 2007 capacity, through 2010. Much of the new capacity is scheduled for the USA and aimed at the mercury control market.

Norit, already the world' s largest producer of powdered activated carbon, is expanding capacity in the USA and has recently formed a joint venture with Prairie Mines and Royalty to construct the first activated carbon plant in Canada. Calgon Carbon, the world?s largest granular activated carbon producer, has a multi-stage programme to raise capacity by up to 136,000tpy powdered material and may construct a new plant outside the USA in the longer-term. A new entrant to the market, ADA-ES plans to build the largest plant in North America by 2010, with capacity of up to 79,400tpy powdered material. In the longer-term, the company may construct up to six production lines of similar capacity in North Dakota and Louisiana.

New capacity in China is likely to be restricted to companies with captive coal supplies. SNCIG brought the first 10,000tpy of a potential 200,000tpy plant on-stream in mid-2008. As coconut shell-based material becomes more competitive, new activated carbon capacity is planned in Indonesia, India and the Philippines, some by Chinese interests. Several operations, especially in the USA and Australia, have been proposed in the past for activated carbon production from non-conventional raw materials. To date only one, AgriTecSorbents' plant based on rice hull ash, has entered commercial production. Tighter activated carbon supplies may encourage further investment in plants processing alternative raw materials in future.

1. Summary

2. Introduction, properties and specifications for activated carbon

2.1. Introduction to activated carbon
2.2. Properties of activated carbon
- 2.2.1. Adsorption properties of activated carbon
- 2.2.2. Other physical properties of activated carbon
- 2.2.3. Impurities in activated carbon
- 2.2.4. Packaging of activated carbon
2.3. Specifications for activated carbon

3. Processing of activated carbon

3.1. Raw materials for activated carbon production
- 3.1.1. Coal-based activated carbon
- 3.1.2. Wood-based activated carbon
- 3.1.3. Coconut shell-based activated carbon
- 3.1.4. Alternative raw materials for activated carbon production
  - 3.1.4.1. Agricultural residues
  - 3.1.4.2. Corn fibre
  - 3.1.4.3. Macademia nutshells
  - 3.1.4.4. Mallee wood
  - 3.1.4.5. Rice hull ash
  - 3.1.4.6. Sewage sludge
3.2. Processing of activated carbon
- 3.2.1. Steam activation of activated carbon
- 3.2.2. Chemical activation of activated carbon
- 3.2.3. Impregnation of activated carbon
- 3.2.4. Catalytic activated carbon
- 3.2.5. Activated carbon fibre
3.3. Forms of activated carbon
- 3.3.1. Powdered activated carbon
- 3.3.2. Granular activated carbon
- 3.3.3. Pelletised (extruded) activated carbon
- 3.3.4. Activated carbon fibre
3.4. Regeneration of activated carbon
- 3.4.1. Thermal regeneration process
- 3.4.2. Steam regeneration process
- 3.4.3. Chemical regeneration process
- 3.4.4. Electro-thermal regeneration process
- 3.4.5. Bio-regeneration process

4. World production of activated carbon

4.1. Production capacity for activated carbon by company
4.2. Production of activated carbon by country
4.3. Regeneration capacity for activated carbon by company
4.4. Future trends in production of activated carbon

5. Review of activated carbon producing countries

5.1. Argentina
5.2. Australia
- 5.2.1. Activated Carbon Technologies
- 5.2.2. Eco-Carbons
- 5.2.3. Hurricane Fuels
- 5.2.4. Molectra? Technologies
- 5.2.5. Pacific Edge Holding
- 5.2.6. Pica Activated Carbon Australia
- 5.2.7. The Environmental Group
- 5.2.8. TiWest
- 5.2.9. Verve Energy
5.3. Austria
5.4. Belgium
- 5.4.1. Chemviron Carbon
- 5.4.2. Desotec Activated Carbon
5.5. Brazil
- 5.5.1. Brascarbo Agroindustrial
- 5.5.2. Ind?strias Quimicas Carbomafra
5.6. Bulgaria
5.7. Canada
- 5.7.1. A.C. Carbone Canada
- 5.7.2. CarboPur Technologies
- 5.7.3. Prairie Mines & Royalty
5.8. China
- 5.8.1. Production of activated carbon in China
- 5.8.2. Producers of activated carbon in China
  - 5.8.2.1. Anshan Active Carbon Fibre
  - 5.8.2.2. Beijing Haijian Jiechang Environmental Protection Chemicals
  - 5.8.2.3. Beijing Pacific Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.4. Bluesky Purification Material
  - 5.8.2.5. Datong Carbon
  - 5.8.2.6. Datong Fenghua Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.7. Datong Huabao Active Carbon
  - 5.8.2.8. Datong Municipal Yunguang Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.9. Datong Weidu Activated Carbon Plant
  - 5.8.2.10. Fuzhou Yihuan Carbon
  - 5.8.2.11. Hengxing Active Carbon
  - 5.8.2.12. Huairen Huanyi Purifying Materials
  - 5.8.2.13. Huaiyushan Activated Carbon Group
  - 5.8.2.14. Huatai Activated Carbon Ebian
  - 5.8.2.15. Huaxin Active Carbon Plant
  - 5.8.2.16. Jianou Zhixing Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.17. JingMao Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.18. Kaihua Xingda Chemical
  - 5.8.2.19. Kaihua Xinghua Chemical Plant
  - 5.8.2.20. Kuraray Chemical Environmental Industry
  - 5.8.2.21. Longyan Wanan Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.22. Mindong Lianyi Group
  - 5.8.2.23. Nantong Sutong Carbon Fibre
  - 5.8.2.24. Ningxia Blue-White-Black Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.25. Ningxia Fengyuan Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.26. Ningxia Guanghua-Cherishment Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.27. Ningxia Henghui Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.28. Ningxia Huahui Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.29. Ningxia Taixi Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.30. Ningxia Xingsheng Coal and Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.31. Shanghai Mebao Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.32. Shanghai Xingchang Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.33. Shanxi Xinhua Chemical
  - 5.8.2.34. Shanxi Zuoyun Yunpeng Coal Chemistry
  - 5.8.2.35. Shenhua Ningxia Coal Industry Group
  - 5.8.2.36. Taining Jinhu Carbon
  - 5.8.2.37. Tianchang (Tianjin) Activated Carbon
  - 5.8.2.38. Xuanzhong Chemical Industry
  - 5.8.2.39. Zhuxi Activated Carbon
- 5.8.3. Trade in activated carbon in China
5.9. Czech Republic
5.10. Finland
5.11. France
- 5.11.1. Carbio 12
- 5.11.2. Ceca
- 5.11.3. Pica
5.12. Germany
- 5.12.1. CarboTech Activated Carbon
- 5.12.2. CPL Carbon Link
- 5.12.3. Donau Carbon
- 5.12.4. German Carbon Teterow
- 5.12.5. Silcarbon Aktivkohle
5.13. India
- 5.13.1. Producers of activated carbon in India
  - 5.13.1.1. Agri Carbon
  - 5.13.1.2. Coco Carbon Activators
  - 5.13.1.3. Core Carbons
  - 5.13.1.4. Ebe Liza Enterprises
  - 5.13.1.5. Gowrishankar Chemicals
  - 5.13.1.6. HEG
  - 5.13.1.7. Hytech Carbons
  - 5.13.1.8. Indo German Carbons
  - 5.13.1.9. Industrial Carbons
  - 5.13.1.10. Kalpaka Chemicals
  - 5.13.1.11. Kan-Carbon
  - 5.13.1.12. Kavia Carbons
  - 5.13.1.13. Macro Carbons
  - 5.13.1.14. M/S Adsorbent Carbons
  - 5.13.1.15. Narbada Valley Chemicals
  - 5.13.1.16. Raj Carbons
  - 5.13.1.17. Unique Carbon & Chemicals
  - 5.13.1.18. Western Chemicals
5.14. Indonesia
- 5.14.1. Producers of activated carbon in Indonesia
  - 5.14.1.1. Green Carbon
  - 5.14.1.2. Intan Prima
  - 5.14.1.3. PT AIMTOPindo Nuansa Kimia
  - 5.14.1.4. PT Daiti Carbon Nusantera
  - 5.14.1.5. PT Eratechubudhi Sadhana
  - 5.14.1.6. PT Ikaindo Karbonik
  - 5.14.1.7. PT Indokarbon Prima Jaya
  - 5.14.1.8. PT Karbon Prima Sentosa Abadi
  - 5.14.1.9. PT Lilingga Lo Bongo Lestari
  - 5.14.1.10. PT Mapalus Makawanua Charcoal Industry
  - 5.14.1.11. PT Nusagri
  - 5.14.1.12. PT Tanso Putra Asia
  - 5.14.1.13. PT UCI UTAMA
  - 5.14.1.14. Purnomo Indonesia
  - 5.14.1.15. Singapore CSC Activated Carbon
5.15. Italy
5.16. Japan
- 5.16.1. Producers of activated carbon in Japan
  - 5.16.1.1. Calgon Mitsubishi Chemical
  - 5.16.1.2. Futamura Chemical Industry
  - 5.16.1.3. Hokuetsu Carbon Industry
  - 5.16.1.4. Kansai Coke & Chemicals
  - 5.16.1.5. Kuraray Chemical
  - 5.16.1.6. Kureha Carbon Products
  - 5.16.1.7. Nippon Valqua Industries
  - 5.16.1.8. Osaka Gas
  - 5.16.1.9. Serachem
  - 5.16.1.10. Tsurumi Coal
  - 5.16.1.11. Other producers in Japan
5.17. South Korea
- 5.17.1. Producers of activated carbon in South Korea
5.18. Malaysia
- 5.18.1. Producers of activated carbon in Malaysia
  - 5.18.1.1. Aktivbon
  - 5.18.1.2. Bravo Green
  - 5.18.1.3. Century Chemical Works
  - 5.18.1.4. China Activated Carbon Industries
  - 5.18.1.5. Effigen
  - 5.18.1.6. Enviro Carbon
  - 5.18.1.7. KD Technology
  - 5.18.1.8. Kekwa Indah
  - 5.18.1.9. Laju Carbon Products
  - 5.18.1.10. M-Trex Activated Carbon
  - 5.18.1.11. Pacific Activated Carbon
  - 5.18.1.12. Other producers in Malaysia
5.19. Mexico
- 5.19.1. Producers of activated carbon in Mexico
  - 5.19.1.1. Carbon Resources
  - 5.19.1.2. Clarimex
  - 5.19.1.3. Nobrac Mexicana
  - 5.19.1.4. Polifos
5.20. Myanmar
5.21. Netherlands
- 5.21.1. Norit Activated Carbon
5.22. Philippines
- 5.22.1. Producers of activated carbon in the Philippines
  - 5.22.1.1. Cenapro Chemical
  - 5.22.1.2. Davao Central Chemical
  - 5.22.1.3. Industrofield Export Trading
  - 5.22.1.4. Mapecon Green Charcoal Philippines
  - 5.22.1.5. Pacific Activated Carbon
  - 5.22.1.6. Philippine-Japan Active Carbon
  - 5.22.1.7. Premium A.C.
  - 5.22.1.8. Other producers in the Philippines
5.23. Russia
- 5.23.1. Production of activated carbon in Russia
- 5.23.2. Producers of activated carbon in Russia
  - 5.23.2.1. JSC Amzinsky Sawmill
  - 5.23.2.2. LLC Antaliks
  - 5.23.2.3. JSC Electrostal Chemical-Mechanical Plant
  - 5.23.2.4. JSC Karbokhim
  - 5.23.2.5. PFK Karbon
  - 5.23.2.6. PJSC Karbonika-F
  - 5.23.2.7. LLC Priladozhsky Sorbent Plant
  - 5.23.2.8. JSC Sorbent
  - 5.23.2.9. PJSC Tekhnosorb
  - 5.23.2.10. PJSC Tymen Pyrolysis Plant
  - 5.23.2.11. JSC Zarya
  - 5.23.2.12. Potential activated carbon projects in Russia
- 5.23.3. Trade in activated carbon in Russia
5.24. Sri Lanka
- 5.24.1. Processing of activated carbon in Sri Lanka
- 5.24.2. Production of activated carbon in Sri Lanka
  - 5.24.2.1. Bieco Link Carbons
  - 5.24.2.2. Haycarb Group
  - 5.24.2.3. J.B. Carbon Activators
  - 5.24.2.4. Newco Carbons
  - 5.24.2.5. Prime Carbons Lanka
5.25. Sweden
5.26. Taiwan
5.27. Thailand
- 5.27.1. Producers of activated carbon in Thailand
  - 5.27.1.1. C. Gigantic Carbon
  - 5.27.1.2. Carbokarn Thailand
5.28. UK
- 5.28.1. Producers of activated carbon in the UK
  - 5.28.1.1. Charcoal Cloth International
  - 5.28.1.2. Chemviron Carbon
  - 5.28.1.3. CPL Carbon Link
  - 5.28.1.4. Eurocarb
  - 5.28.1.5. Grafham Carbons
  - 5.28.1.6. MAST Carbon Advanced Products
  - 5.28.1.7. Norit UK
  - 5.28.1.8. Sutcliffe Speakman
  - 5.28.1.9. Tate & Lyle Process Technology
  - 5.28.1.10. Thames Water Utilities
5.29. Ukraine
5.30. USA
- 5.30.1. Production of activated carbon in the USA
- 5.30.2. Producers of activated carbon in the USA
  - 5.30.2.1. ADA-ES
  - 5.30.2.2. AgriTecSorbents
  - 5.30.2.3. Asbury Carbons
  - 5.30.2.4. Aventine Renewable Energy
  - 5.30.2.5. Cal Pacific Carbon
  - 5.30.2.6. Calgon Carbon
  - 5.30.2.7. California Carbon
  - 5.30.2.8. Cameron Great Lakes
  - 5.30.2.9. Carbochem
  - 5.30.2.10. Carbon Activated
  - 5.30.2.11. Carbon Resources
  - 5.30.2.12. Greater Cincinnati Water Works
  - 5.30.2.13. Kona Carbons
  - 5.30.2.14. MeadWestvaco
  - 5.30.2.15. Norit Americas
  - 5.30.2.16. Pica USA
  - 5.30.2.17. Siemens Water Technologies
  - 5.30.2.18. Sorbent Technologies
- 5.30.3. Trade in activated carbon in the USA
5.31. Uzbekistan
5.32. Vanuatu
5.33. Vietnam

6. World consumption of activated carbon

6.1. Future trends in demand for activated carbon

7. Liquid-phase uses for activated carbon

7.1. Use of activated carbon in water treatment
- 7.1.1. Use of activated carbon in drinking water treatment
  - 7.1.1.1. Granular activated carbon in drinking water treatment
  - 7.1.1.2. Powdered activated carbon in drinking water treatment
- 7.1.2. Use of activated carbon in wastewater treatment
  - 7.1.2.1. Granular activated carbon in wastewater treatment
  - 7.1.2.2. Powdered activated carbon in wastewater treatment
- 7.1.3. Use of activated carbon in groundwater/leachate remediation
- 7.1.4. Use of activated carbon in process water treatment
- 7.1.5. Use of activated carbon in medical water treatment
- 7.1.6. Use of activated carbon in service water treatment
- 7.1.7. Use of activated carbon in ultra-pure water treatment
- 7.1.8. Use of activated carbon in domestic water filters
- 7.1.9. Use of activated carbon in aquaria water treatment
- 7.1.10. Use of activated carbon in swimming pool water treatment
- 7.1.11. Grades of activated carbon used in water treatment
- 7.1.12. Trends in demand for activated carbon in water treatment
7.2. Use of activated carbon in food and beverage processing
- 7.2.1. Cane sugar refining
- 7.2.2. Sweetener production
- 7.2.3. Citric acid production
- 7.2.4. Alcoholic beverage production
- 7.2.5. Fruit juice purification
- 7.2.6. Vegetable oil refining
- 7.2.7. Food additives production
- 7.2.8. Glycerine production
- 7.2.9. Carbon dioxide removal
- 7.2.10. Decaffeination
- 7.2.11. Process water treatment
- 7.2.12. Trends in demand for activated carbon in food and beverage processing
7.3. Use of activated carbon in gold recovery
- 7.3.1. Carbon-in-pulp process
- 7.3.2. Carbon-in-leach process
- 7.3.3. Carbon-in-column process
- 7.3.4. Gold recovery from activated carbon
- 7.3.5. Regeneration of activated carbon
- 7.3.6. Cyanide management
- 7.3.7. Specifications for activated carbon used in gold recovery
- 7.3.8. Trends in demand for activated carbon in gold recovery
7.4. Use of activated carbon in pharmaceutical and medical markets
7.5. Use of activated carbon in chemical markets

8. Gas-phase uses for activated carbon

8.1. Use of activated carbon in air treatment
- 8.1.1. Incinerator flue gas treatment
- 8.1.2. Mercury control from coal-fired power plants
  - 8.1.2.1. Mercury removal using activated carbon
  - 8.1.2.2. Specifications for activated carbon used in mercury removal
  - 8.1.2.3. Demand for activated carbon in mercury removal
- 8.1.3. VOC removal
- 8.1.4. Odour control
- 8.1.5. Groundwater remediation
- 8.1.6. Hydrocarbon vapour recovery
- 8.1.7. Toxic industrial chemical removal
8.2. Use of activated carbon in industrial processes
- 8.2.1. Process gas purification
- 8.2.2. Mercury removal from natural gas
- 8.2.3. Gas desulphurisation
- 8.2.4. Pressure swing adsorption process
- 8.2.5. Gas storage and delivery
- 8.2.6. Heat pumps
- 8.2.7. Catalysts
- 8.2.8. Fuel cells
- 8.2.9. Carbon dioxide purification
- 8.2.10. Chloralkali production
- 8.2.11. Compressed gas
- 8.2.12. Advanced batteries
- 8.2.13. Ultracapacitors
8.3. Use of activated carbon in ambient air treatment
- 8.3.1. Manufacturing plants
- 8.3.2. Sensitive buildings
- 8.3.3. Public spaces
- 8.3.4. Cigarette filters
- 8.3.5. Household odours
- 8.3.6. Fruit storage
- 8.3.7. Jewellery protection
- 8.3.8. Cat litter
- 8.3.9. Vehicle cabin air
- 8.3.10. Automotive emissions
  - 8.3.10.1. Vehicle canisters
  - 8.3.10.2. ORVR canisters
  - 8.3.10.3. Air induction systems
  - 8.3.10.4. Hybrid electric vehicles and gasoline direct injected engines
8.4. Use of activated carbon in personnel protection
- 8.4.1. Protection from toxic gases
- 8.4.2. Consumer protection
- 8.4.3. Nuclear protection
- 8.4.4. Military clothing

9. International trade in activated carbon

9.1. Exports of activated carbon

10. Price trends for activated carbon

Tables Listing

1. Key properties of the main types of activated carbon
2. Typical pore volume distribution of the main types of activated carbon
3. US mesh sizes
4. Impurities in activated carbon
5. Specifications for powdered activated carbon
6. Specifications for granular activated carbon
7. Specifications for pelletised activated carbon
8. Specifications for regenerated activated carbon
9. Specifications for KoTHmex activated carbon fibre
10. Fixed carbon content of activated carbon raw materials
11. Comparison of properties of activated carbon by raw material
12. Specifications for coal processed in China
13. Comparison of inorganic elements in typical unwashed and acid-washed activated carbons produced by Norit
14. Contaminants removed by impregnated activated carbon
15. World: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by leading producing country, 2007
16. World: Leading producers of activated carbon, 2007
17. World: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2007
18. Japan: Russia and the USA: Reported production of activated carbon, 2000-2008
19. World: Estimated regeneration capacity for activated carbon operated by producers and service companies, 2007
20. World: Potential expansion in production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2008
21. ACT: Grades of activated carbon
22. Indstrias Quimicas Carbomafra: Grades of activated carbon
23. China: Specifications for unprocessed coal
24. China: Typical specifications for coal-based activated carbons
25. China: Typical specifications for nut shell-based activated carbons
26. China: Market for steam-activated carbon, 2003-2007
27. China: Producers of activated carbon, 2007
28. Kaihua Xingda Chemical: Grades of activated carbon
29. China: Exports of activated carbon by country of destination, 2003-2007
30. China: Anti-dumping duties imposed on activated carbon exports to the USA by company, 2007
31. Ceca: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by grade, 2007
32. Pica: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by plant, 2007
33. Pica: Grades of activated carbon
34. Donau Carbon: Grades of activated carbon
35. India: Producers of activated carbon
36. Core Carbons: Specifications for activated carbon
37. IGCL: Grades of activated carbon
38. Indonesia: Leading producers of activated carbon
39. Indonesia: Activated carbon operations
40. Intan Prima: Grades of activated carbon
41. Japan: Production and imports of activated carbon, FY 2000-2007
42. Japan: Leading producers of activated carbon, 2007
43. Kuraray Chemical: Activated carbon operations, 2007
44. Kureha Carbon Products: Properties of BAC activated carbon
45. Osaka Gas: Activated carbon operations
46. Shinkwang Chemical Industry: Production capacity for activated carbon by grade, 2007
47. Malaysia: Leading producers of activated carbon
48. Laju Carbon Products: Grades of activated carbon
49. Netherlands: Trade in activated carbon, 2005-2007
50. Norit: Activated carbon operations
51. Philippines: Exports of activated carbon and coconut shell charcoal, 2000-2007
52. Philippines: Leading producers of activated carbon, 2007
53. PJAC: Specifications for activated carbon
54. Russia: Production of wood charcoal by producer, 2000-2006
55. Russia: Production of activated carbon by producer, 2000-2006
56. Electrostal Chemical-Mechanical Plant: Grades of activated carbon
57. Karbokhim: Specifications for activated carbon
58. Sorbent: Production of activated carbon, 1997-2006
59. Sorbent: Grades of activated carbon
60. Tekhnosorb: Grades of activated carbon
61. Russia: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2003-2007
62. Sri Lanka: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2007
63. Haycarb: Activated carbon operations, 2007
64. Haycarb: Grades of activated carbon
65. Jacobi Carbons: Activated carbon operations
66. Jacobi Carbons: Grades of activated carbon
67. Taiwan Carbon Technology: Specifications for activated carbon fibre
68. UK: Trade in activated carbon, 2003-2007
69. UK: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2007
70. Charcoal Cloth International: Grades of activated carbon cloth
71. Eurocarb: Grades of activated carbon
72. Sutcliffe Speakman: Grades of activated carbon
73. USA: Reported production of activated carbon, 2000-2007
74. USA: Production and shipments of steam-activated carbon, 2003-2006
75. USA: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2007
76. USA: Activated carbon regeneration capacity and production by producers and service providers, 2003-2006
77. Calgon Carbon: Net sales by segment, 2003-2007
78. Calgon Carbon: Activated carbon operations worldwide
79. Calgon Carbon: Grades of activated carbon
80. Carbon Resources: Grades of activated carbon
81. MeadWestvaco: Grades of activated carbon
82. Siemens Water Technologies: Activated carbon services
83. USA: Net imports of activated carbon, 2001-2007
84. USA: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2004-2007
85. USA: Average values of imports and domestic shipments of steam-activated carbon, 2003-2006
86. Japan and the USA: Estimated consumption of activated carbon, 2000-2007
87. USA: Estimated consumption of activated carbon by end-use, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005 and 2007
88. World: Forecast demand for activated carbon, 2010 and 2015
89. Main features of water treatment using powdered and granular activated carbon
90. Examples of municipal drinking water plants using activated carbon
91. Typical parameters for municipal water treatment using AquaSorb 2000 activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
92. Main applications for activated carbon in industrial wastewater treatment
93. Typical parameters for effluent water treatment using AquaSorb 1000 granular activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
94. Specifications for activated carbon liquid-phase adsorption systems for groundwater remediation produced by TIGG
95. Typical parameters for process water treatment using AquaSorb CS activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
96. Specifications for Filtrasorb granular activated carbon for water treatment produced by Calgon Carbon
97. Specifications for AquaCarb activated carbon for water treatment produced by Siemens Water Technologies
98. USA: Estimated consumption of activated carbon in water treatment, 1997, 2002, 2005 and 2007
99. World: Leading producers of centrifugal sugar, 2005/06-2007/08
100. Properties of activated carbon for sugar decolourisation produced by CPL Carbon Link
101. Typical parameters for glucose decolourisation using ColorSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
102. USA: Shipments of corn sweeteners for domestic food and beverage use, 2000-2006
103. Specifications for activated carbon for beverage filtration supplied by Cameron Carbon
104. World: Leading producers of wine, 2003-2007
105. World: Leading producers of beer, 2002-2006
106. Specifications for WF-12 activated carbon for fruit juice purification supplied by Winfield Industries
107. Specifications for GA SERIES activated carbon for edible oil purification supplied by Jiangxi Sinobase Juston
108. World: Leading producers of vegetable oils, 2003/04-2007/08
109. Typical CIP design parameters using GoldSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
110. Typical CIL design parameters using GoldSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
111. Typical CIC design parameters using GoldSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
112. Typical operating conditions for Zadra and AARL processes
113. Specifications for Filtrasorb activated carbon produced by Bieco Link Carbon for gold recovery
114. Specifications for GoldSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons for gold recovery
115. World: Leading gold producers, 2005-2007
116. World: CIP/CIL plants under construction or consideration, 2008
117. Properties of NORIT GAC 1240 PLUS ultra-purity activated carbon for pharmaceutical applications
118. Properties of NORIT A SUPRA USP Pharmacopeia-grade activated carbon for pharmaceutical applications
119. Typical parameters for purified phosphoric acid production using ColorSorb H200 granular activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
120. Typical parameters for flue gas treatment using DioxSorb powdered activated carbon from Jacobi Carbons
121. Properties of DioxSorb activated carbon for flue gas treatment produced by Jacobi Carbons
122. Properties of DARCO activated carbon for flue gas treatment produced by Norit Americas
123. Specifications for powdered activated carbon for flue gas mercury removal produced by Norit Americas
124. Typical parameters for solvent recovery using EcoSorb BX-Plus activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
125. Properties of SORBONORIT activated carbon for solvent recovery produced by Norit Americas
126. Typical parameters for hydrogen sulphide control using AddSorb VA3 produced by Jacobi Carbons
127. Use of activated carbon in process gas purification
128. Typical parameters for process gas purification using EcoSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
129. Typical parameters for mercury removal from natural gas using AddSorb VQ1 produced by Jacobi Carbons
130. Typical specifications for activated carbon used in PSA processes
131. Uses for Merox catalysts
132. Comparison of PbC and conventional battery systems
133. Comparison of ultracapacitors, electrostatic capacitors and batteries
134. Typical parameters for industrial air treatment using EcoSorb GXB activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
135. World: Leading exporters of activated carbon, 2003-2007
136. World: Exports of activated carbon recorded by leading exporting countries, 2006
137. World: Exports of activated carbon recorded by leading exporting countries, 2007
138. World: Leading importers of activated carbon, 2003-2007
139. World: Imports of activated carbon recorded by leading importing countries, 2006
140. World: Imports of activated carbon recorded by leading importing countries, 2007
141. USA: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, January to April 2007-2008
142. Average values of activated carbon imported into Japan, the USA, South Korea and Belgium by country of origin, 2007
143. Average values of activated carbon exported from China by country of destination, 2003-2007
144. Activated carbon prices quoted by producers, mid-2008

Figures Listing

1. World: Forecast consumption of activated carbon, 2010 and 2015
2. Stages in the production of activated carbon from coconut shells
3. Stages in the production of activated carbon from coal
4. World: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by region, 2002 and 2007
5. World: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by leading producing country, 2007
6. China: Exports of activated carbon by leading market, 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2007
7. Pica: Sales of activated carbon by geographical market, 2005
8. Japan: Production and imports of activated carbon, 2000-2007
9. Norit: Estimated exports of activated carbon by country of destination, 2007
10. USA: Market for activated carbon by producer, 2006
11. Calgon Carbon: Net sales by end-use, 2007
12. USA: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2007
13. World: Estimated consumption of activated carbon by leading consuming country, 2007
14. USA: Estimated consumption of activated carbon by end-use, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005 and 2007
15. Calgon Carbon: Sales of activated carbon by end-use, 2007
16. USA: Consumption of activated carbon in liquid-phase uses by market
17. Stages in the treatment of drinking water using activated carbon
18. Stages in the treatment of wastewater using activated carbon
19. Choice of activated carbon process for wastewater treatment
20. World: Estimated production of wine by region, 2007
21. World: Production of beer by region, 2006
22. Carbon-in-pulp process
23. World: Mine production of gold by region, 1997-2006
24. World: Mine production of gold by country, 2007
25. USA: Consumption of activated carbon in gas-phase uses by market
26. Mercury removal from power plant flue gas using activated carbon
27. Mercury removal from natural gas using activated carbon
28. World: Exports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2007
29. World: Exports of activated carbon by region of origin, 2007
30. China: Exports of activated carbon by country of destination, 2003-2007
31. USA: Exports of activated carbon by region of destination, 2007
32. World: Imports of activated carbon by region of origin, 2007
33. World: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2007
34. USA: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2003-2007
35. Average values of activated carbon imported into the USA by leading country of origin, 2003-2008
36. Average values of activated carbon exported from China by leading country of destination, 2003-2007