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Emerging Hydrogen End Uses

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KSA 22.02.04

LIST OF TABLES

  • Types of Industrial Hydrogen Clusters

Hydrogen is expected to play a critical role in enabling the energy transition. Hydrogen is possibly one of the best options for large-scale decarbonization in segments such as transport, industry, and buildings, which is a key driver of hydrogen adoption. Hydrogen integration in the energy portfolio increases flexibility in energy supply-demand matching and facilitates sector-coupling. However, the extent of hydrogen integration is constrained by its alignment with customer preferences and conveniences. The cost of hydrogen production from low carbon energy sources is one such obstacle to hydrogen adoption.

To reduce these costs, several governments globally have proposed roadmaps, policies, and subsidies aimed at reducing the cost of producing low carbon hydrogen. In contrast, measures to increase demand have received limited attention. Unlocking sustained economies of scale for hydrogen requires a step change in its demand. Caution must prevail here, as being end-use agnostic may result in stranded assets.

This ‘Guidehouse Insights report’ aims to demystify emerging end-use candidates that are expected to become mainstays in the future. These applications, coupled with government policy instruments, have the potential to unlock more projects and to support scaling the hydrogen economy.

KEY QUESTIONS ADDRESSED:

  • How can governments support and guide the increased integration of hydrogen?
  • What is the state and prospect of hydrogen usage in industrial processes?
  • How is hydrogen being used in chemical feedstocks?
  • What is hydrogen's role in on-road and off-road transportation?
  • Is hydrogen being used building and residential applications?
  • What are the prospects of hydrogen usage in key power system applications?

WHO NEEDS THIS REPORT:

  • Electrolyzer manufacturers
  • Government agencies
  • Hydrogen nonprofits and research organizations
  • Renewable technology developers
  • Utilities
  • Energy cooperatives
  • On-road and off-road transportation companies
  • Investor community

Table of Contents

Spark

Context

Recommendations

Governments Have a Role to Play in Hydrogen Adoption

  • Commit to Targets and Long-Term Policy Signals
  • Extend Support Schemes to Create Hydrogen Demand
  • Plan to Mitigate Investment Risks for Hydrogen Assets
  • Support R&D and Innovation
  • Support International Standardization and Remove Regulatory Barriers

Hydrogen Adoption Increases Across Sectors

  • Industrial and Chemical Hydrogen Remains a Leading End Use
    • Hydrogen Use in Industrial Iron and Steel Increases
    • Hydrogen Can Be Used to Create Ammonia and Methanol for Chemical Feedstock
    • Hydrogen Use Is Shifting from Refining Oil to Creating Synfuels
    • Industrial Clusters Address Hydrogen Adoption Concerns
    • Synthetic Fermentation Using Hydrogen Helps Decarbonize Food Industries
  • Hydrogen Use in Transportation Increases
    • Fuel Cell Vehicles Face Slow Adoption Rates
    • Vintage Vehicles Offer an Opportunity for Hydrogen Use in Transportation
    • Fuel Cell Buses Become Prominent
    • FCV Use to Increase in Long-Haul Trucking
    • More Hydrogen Refueling Stations Are Needed to Support Hydrogen Vehicle Adoption
    • Material Handling, Mining, and Agricultural Vehicles Are Switching to Hydrogen Fuel Cells
    • Hydrogen Increases in Rail Transport Due to Decarbonization and Cost Concerns
    • Maritime Shipping Slowly Transitions to Hydrogen
    • Hydrogen Becomes Critical to Decarbonizing Aviation
  • Hydrogen Helps Decarbonize the Buildings and Residential Sectors
    • Stationary Fuel Cells Receive Government Support
    • Blending Hydrogen into Natural Gas Pipelines Decarbonizes Heating
  • Hydrogen Plays a Role in Decarbonizing the Power Sector

Scaling Hydrogen Demand Requires Stakeholder and Government Collaboration

  • Stakeholders Must Acknowledge the Value of Industrial Clusters in Scaling Hydrogen Demand
  • Regulators Must Stimulate Hydrogen Demand and Eliminate Barriers
  • Stakeholders Must Mitigate Hydrogen Investment Risks
  • Governments Must Establish Policies
  • Stakeholders Must Focus on Key Sectors for Hydrogen Integration
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