세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장(2022년)

※ 본 상품은 영문 자료로 한글과 영문 목차에 불일치하는 내용이 있을 경우 영문을 우선합니다. 정확한 검토를 위해 영문목차를 참고해주시기 바랍니다.

세계의 항공기용 타이어(Aircraft Tires) 시장에 대해 조사 분석했으며, 시장 특징, 시장 동향과 전략, 지역별 분석, 경쟁 상황 등을 제공합니다.

목차

제1장 주요 요약

제2장 항공기용 타이어 시장 특징

제3장 항공기용 타이어 시장 동향과 전략

제4장 항공기용 타이어에 대한 COVID-19의 영향

제5장 항공기용 타이어 시장 규모와 성장

• 세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장 실적(2016-2021년)
  • 시장 성장 촉진요인
  • 시장 성장 억제요인
• 세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장 예측(2021-2026년, 2031년)
  • 시장 성장 촉진요인
  • 시장 성장 억제요인

제6장 항공기용 타이어 시장 세분화

• 세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 레이디얼
• 바이어스
• 세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 플랫폼별, 실적과 예측
• 고정익
• 회전익
• 세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측
• 광동체기
• 초대형 항공기
• 지역 수송 항공기
• 협동체기
• 세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 최종사용자별, 실적과 예측
• OEM
• 재생 타이어
• 교체용 타이어

제7장 항공기용 타이어 시장 지역별·국가별 분석

• 세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 지역별, 실적과 예측
• 세계의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 국가별, 실적과 예측

제8장 아시아태평양의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 아시아태평양의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 지역 정보, COVID-19의 영향, 시장 정보, 배경 정보, 정부 정책, 규제, 규제기관, 주요 협회, 징수되는 세금, 법인세 구조, 투자, 주요 기업
• 아시아태평양의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 아시아태평양의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제9장 중국의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 중국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 중국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 중국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제10장 인도의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 인도의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 인도의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제11장 일본의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 일본의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 일본의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제12장 호주의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 호주의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 호주의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제13장 인도네시아의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 인도네시아의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 인도네시아의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제14장 한국의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 한국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 한국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제15장 서유럽의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 서유럽의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 서유럽의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 서유럽의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제16장 영국의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 영국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 영국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제17장 독일의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 독일의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 독일의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제18장 프랑스의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 프랑스의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 프랑스의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제19장 동유럽의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 동유럽의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 동유럽의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 동유럽의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제20장 러시아의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 러시아의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 러시아의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제21장 북미의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 북미의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 북미의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 북미의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제22장 미국의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 미국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 미국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 미국의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제23장 남미의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 남미의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 남미의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 남미의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제24장 브라질의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 브라질의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 브라질의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제25장 중동의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 중동의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 중동의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 중동의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제26장 아프리카의 항공기용 타이어 시장

• 아프리카의 항공기용 타이어 시장 개요
• 아프리카의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 제품별, 실적과 예측
• 아프리카의 항공기용 타이어 시장 : 용도별, 실적과 예측

제27장 항공기용 타이어 시장 경쟁 상황과 기업 개요

• 항공기용 타이어 시장 경쟁 상황
• 항공기용 타이어 시장 기업 개요
  • Bridgestone Corporation
  • Michelin Group
  • The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
  • Dunlop Aircraft Tyres Ltd.
  • Qingdao Sentury Tire Co., Ltd.

제28장 항공기용 타이어 시장의 주요 인수합병

제29장 항공기용 타이어 시장 향후 전망과 잠재적 분석

제30장 부록

“Aircraft Tires Global Market Report 2022” from The Business Research Company provides the strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the global aircraft tires market.

This report focuses on aircraft tires market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the aircraft tires market which will be shaping and changing our lives over the next ten years and beyond, including the markets response to the challenge of the global pandemic.

Reasons to Purchase

• Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 12+ geographies.

• Understand how the market is being affected by the coronavirus and how it is likely to emerge and grow as the impact of the virus abates.

• Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.

• Identify growth segments for investment.

• Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.

• Understand customers based on the latest market research findings.

• Benchmark performance against key competitors.

• Utilize the relationships between key data sets for superior strategizing.

• Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis

• Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order.

Where is the largest and fastest growing market for the aircraft tires? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? “The Aircraft Tires market global report” from The Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography. It places the market within the context of the wider aircraft tires market, and compares it with other markets.

• The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.

• The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, the influence of the COVID-19 virus and forecasting its growth.

• Market segmentations break down market into sub markets.

• The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.

• Competitive landscape gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.

• The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.

• The aircraft tires market section of the report gives context. It compares the aircraft tires market with other segments of the aircraft tires market by size and growth, historic and forecast. It analyses GDP proportion, expenditure per capita, aircraft tires indicators comparison.

Scope

Markets Covered:

• 1) By Product: Radial; Bias

• 2) By Platform: Fixed Wing; Rotary Wing

• 3) By Application: Wide Body Aircraft; Very Large Aircraft; Regional Transport Aircraft; Narrow Body Aircraft

• 4) By End-user: OEM; Retread Tires; Replacement Tires

• Companies Mentioned: Bridgestone Corporation; Michelin Group; The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company; Dunlop Aircraft Tyres Ltd.; Qingdao Sentury Tire Co., Ltd.

• Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA

• Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa

• Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.

• Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,

• Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.

• Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.

Executive Summary

Major players in the aircraft tires market are: Bridgestone Corporation, Michelin Group, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Dunlop Aircraft Tyres Ltd., Qingdao Sentury Tire Co., Ltd., Wilkerson Company, Inc., Desser Tire & Rubber Co., LLC, Specialty Tires of America, Petlas Tire Corporation, Aviation Tires & Treads, LLC, Trelleborg AB, China National Tire & Rubber Co, Sentury Tire Co. Ltd., Tost GmbH Flugzeuggeratebau, and Wilkerson Company, Inc.

The global aircraft tires market is expected to grow from $1.7 billion in 2021 to $1.77 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2%. The market is expected to grow to $2.07 billion in 2026 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.9%.

The aircraft tires market consists of the sale of aircraft tires by entities (organization, sole proprietors, partnerships) that help to absorb the shock generated when landing and acts as a cushion for the roughness of takeoff, rollout, and taxi operations in an aircraft. Aircraft tires are generally made of rubber, and are essential and main body part for every aircraft.

The main aircraft tire products include radial tires and bias tires. A radial tire or also called as radial-ply tire, is a particular design of vehicle tire in which the cord plies are arranged in 90 degrees to the direction of travel or radially which is the center of the tire. The different aircraft tire platforms include fixed wing and rotary wing. Aircraft tires are used for applications in wide body aircraft, very large aircraft, regional transport aircraft, and narrow body aircraft. The aircraft tires market end-users include OEMs, retread tires, and replacement tires.

North America was the largest region in the aircraft tires market in 2021. Asia Pacific was the fastest growing market in aircraft tires market. The regions covered in the aircraft tires market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa.

The rising number of domestic and international air passengers is driving the aircraft tires market. Through the increase in the domestic and international air passengers, the production of new aircraft needs to be done to meet the demand, which increases the usage of aircraft tires and also the frequent wear and tear of tires due to the continuous land per tire to meet the demands further drives the market. For instance, according to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the global number of airline passengers is expected to reach 10.5 billion by the year 2040. Also, according to the Boeing 2020-2039 commercial market outlook, India's domestic air passenger market is expected to double its size by 2030, from the pre-pandemic levels. Hence the rising number of domestic and international air passengers drives the aircraft tire market.

Technological advancements is a key trend gaining popularity in the aircraft tires market. Aircraft tire manufactures are focusing on the development of tires which have better life, higher resistance and are more efficient. For instance, in 2019, US based tire manufacturing company, Goodyear showcased its ultra-lightweight Flight Radial tire. The Goodyear Flight Radial features Goodyear Featherweight Alloy Core Bead Technology, which reduces weight and provides increased landings. It is also stronger and lighter for superior service life and efficiency. The tire also contains strong, rigid tread belts with merged cord technology for dimensional stability, a higher service life and increased cut resistance.

In March 2022, Yokohama Rubber Co. Ltd., a Japan-based tire manufacturing company entered into a share purchase agreement to acquire all outstanding shares in Trelleborg Wheel Systems Holding AB for $2 billion. The acquisition is expected to provide Yokohama with a brand structure, a strong service network, and expand its regional sales network in the OE tires sector. Trelleborg Wheel Systems Holding AB is a Sweden-based manufacturer of tires and wheels for off-highway vehicles, aircraft, and other specialty applications.

The countries covered in the aircraft tires market report are: Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA.

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Aircraft Tires Market Characteristics

3. Aircraft Tires Market Trends And Strategies

4. Impact Of COVID-19 On Aircraft Tires

5. Aircraft Tires Market Size And Growth

• 5.1. Global Aircraft Tires Historic Market, 2016-2021, $ Billion
  • 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
  • 5.1.2. Restraints On The Market
• 5.2. Global Aircraft Tires Forecast Market, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
  • 5.2.1. Drivers Of The Market
  • 5.2.2. Restraints On the Market

6. Aircraft Tires Market Segmentation

• 6.1. Global Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• Radial
• Bias
• 6.2. Global Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Platform, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• Fixed wing
• Rotary Wing
• 6.3. Global Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• Wide Body Aircraft
• Very Large Aircraft
• Regional Transport Aircraft
• Narrow Body Aircraft
• 6.4. Global Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By End-user, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• OEM
• Retread Tires
• Replacement Tires

7. Aircraft Tires Market Regional And Country Analysis

• 7.1. Global Aircraft Tires Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 7.2. Global Aircraft Tires Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Tires Market

• 8.1. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
• 8.2. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 8.3. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

9. China Aircraft Tires Market

• 9.1. China Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• 9.2. China Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F,$ Billion
• 9.3. China Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F,$ Billion

10. India Aircraft Tires Market

• 10.1. India Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 10.2. India Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

11. Japan Aircraft Tires Market

• 11.1. Japan Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 11.2. Japan Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

12. Australia Aircraft Tires Market

• 12.1. Australia Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 12.2. Australia Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia Aircraft Tires Market

• 13.1. Indonesia Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 13.2. Indonesia Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

14. South Korea Aircraft Tires Market

• 14.1. South Korea Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 14.2. South Korea Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe Aircraft Tires Market

• 15.1. Western Europe Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• 15.2. Western Europe Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 15.3. Western Europe Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

16. UK Aircraft Tires Market

• 16.1. UK Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 16.2. UK Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

17. Germany Aircraft Tires Market

• 17.1. Germany Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 17.2. Germany Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

18. France Aircraft Tires Market

• 18.1. France Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 18.2. France Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

19. Eastern Europe Aircraft Tires Market

• 19.1. Eastern Europe Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• 19.2. Eastern Europe Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 19.3. Eastern Europe Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

20. Russia Aircraft Tires Market

• 20.1. Russia Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 20.2. Russia Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

21. North America Aircraft Tires Market

• 21.1. North America Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• 21.2. North America Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 21.3. North America Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

22. USA Aircraft Tires Market

• 22.1. USA Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• 22.2. USA Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 22.3. USA Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

23. South America Aircraft Tires Market

• 23.1. South America Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• 23.2. South America Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 23.3. South America Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

24. Brazil Aircraft Tires Market

• 24.1. Brazil Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 24.2. Brazil Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

25. Middle East Aircraft Tires Market

• 25.1. Middle East Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• 25.2. Middle East Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 25.3. Middle East Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

26. Africa Aircraft Tires Market

• 26.1. Africa Aircraft Tires Market Overview
• 26.2. Africa Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion
• 26.3. Africa Aircraft Tires Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2016-2021, 2021-2026F, 2031F, $ Billion

27. Aircraft Tires Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

• 27.1. Aircraft Tires Market Competitive Landscape
• 27.2. Aircraft Tires Market Company Profiles
  • 27.2.1. Bridgestone Corporation
    • 27.2.1.1. Overview
    • 27.2.1.2. Products and Services
    • 27.2.1.3. Strategy
    • 27.2.1.4. Financial Performance
  • 27.2.2. Michelin Group
    • 27.2.2.1. Overview
    • 27.2.2.2. Products and Services
    • 27.2.2.3. Strategy
    • 27.2.2.4. Financial Performance
  • 27.2.3. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
    • 27.2.3.1. Overview
    • 27.2.3.2. Products and Services
    • 27.2.3.3. Strategy
    • 27.2.3.4. Financial Performance
  • 27.2.4. Dunlop Aircraft Tyres Ltd.
    • 27.2.4.1. Overview
    • 27.2.4.2. Products and Services
    • 27.2.4.3. Strategy
    • 27.2.4.4. Financial Performance
  • 27.2.5. Qingdao Sentury Tire Co., Ltd.
    • 27.2.5.1. Overview
    • 27.2.5.2. Products and Services
    • 27.2.5.3. Strategy
    • 27.2.5.4. Financial Performance

28. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Aircraft Tires Market

29. Aircraft Tires Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

30. Appendix

• 30.1. Abbreviations
• 30.2. Currencies
• 30.3. Research Inquiries
• 30.4. The Business Research Company
• 30.5. Copyright And Disclaimer