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The infrastructure, software, and processes used to monitor and control a satellite while it is in orbit are referred to as a satellite telemetry and control system (TT&C system). The TT&C system facilitates data transmission, command execution, and monitoring of the satellite's health and operational parameters by allowing communication between ground stations and the satellite.
Telemetry entails gathering and transmitting data from the satellite to the ground station. The satellite's sensors and instruments monitor parameters such as attitude (orientation), temperature, power levels, and system health. Telemetry data is returned to the ground station for analysis and monitoring of the satellite's performance and status.
The TT&C system's command and control functionality allows operators on the ground to send commands to the satellite. These commands may include instructions for satellite operations, attitude or orbit adjustments, software updates, or other tasks necessary for the satellite's mission. The ground station sends commands to the satellite, which then executes them.
To establish a bidirectional link with the satellite, ground stations are outfitted with antennas, receivers, and other communication equipment. They receive satellite telemetry data and transmit commands and software updates to the satellite. Ground stations are strategically placed around the world to ensure the satellite's continuous coverage during its orbit.
Antenna systems are essential components of the TT&C system because they enable communication between the satellite and the ground station. Antennas on the satellite transmit telemetry data, which is received by antennas on the ground station. Commands and updates are similarly sent from the ground station's antenna to the satellite's receiver.
The TT&C system includes software and systems for processing and analyzing satellite telemetry data. This includes monitoring the satellite's performance, analyzing anomalies, and generating health and status reports. To effectively interpret and present the telemetry data, advanced algorithms, and data visualization tools are used.