전기자동차(EV) 급속 충전 시스템 시장 : 용도별, 커넥터 유형별, 출력별, 설치 유형별, 국가별 분석 및 예측(2023-2033년)

The Global Electric Vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System Market Expected to Reach $33.15 Billion by 2033

Introduction of Electric vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System

The development of the EV fast-charging system was a remarkable moment in the electric mobility industry, profoundly changing the landscape of electric car charging infrastructure. This concept was created out of the need to overcome one of the most fundamental barriers to mainstream EV adoption, i.e., long charging periods and range anxiety. Fast-charging systems, which can recharge a significant amount of an EV's battery in a fraction of the time required by traditional charging stations, have made electric cars more feasible and enticing for both everyday use and long-distance travel. By substantially lowering charging times, often providing 80% charge in only 20 to 40 minutes, these systems have not only improved the ease and usefulness of electric cars but have also played an important role in hastening the global move toward sustainable transportation. The construction of fast-charging infrastructure has been essential in increasing customer trust in EV technology, allowing for a quicker transition away from fossil fuel-dependent cars and dramatically reducing carbon emissions in the transportation sector.

Market Introduction

The landscape in the early days of the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system industry differed significantly from what can be seen now. The concept of EVs, let alone fast-charging infrastructure, was still in its early stages, with just a few firms actively exploring electric transportation options. The charging infrastructure was minimal, mostly sluggish charging, and was not seen as an essential component of urban or transportation planning. Early users of electric vehicles frequently had to rely on home charging solutions or a limited number of public charging stations, which were primarily sluggish chargers, requiring several hours to charge an EV completely. Fast-charging technology existed, but it was costly, inefficient, and underutilized due to low EV demand and the considerable investment necessary to construct such infrastructure. The market was marked by technological obstacles, range anxiety among prospective EV purchasers, and general lack of understanding and acceptance of electric mobility as a viable alternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles.

The market for EV fast-charging systems has evolved significantly over time, owing to technological improvements, growing environmental consciousness, and supporting government legislation. The development and implementation of fast-charging infrastructure have become critical to national and international policies for encouraging electric mobility, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and transitioning to sustainable transportation systems. Fast chargers, which can charge EV batteries to 80% in as little as 20 minutes, have become increasingly common, solving the important issue of range anxiety and making EVs more accessible to a wider variety of consumers. Technological advancements have resulted in more efficient, dependable, and user-friendly charging systems, while economies of scale and greater competition have made fast charging more convenient and economical. Today's industry is characterized by a growing network of fast-charging stations, strong alliances between automakers, charging network operators, and governments, and clear path toward global charging system standardization and interoperability. This evolution reflects the market's response to the growing demand for EVs and the critical need for infrastructure that supports the rapid, convenient charging of electric vehicles, marking a significant shift from the early market days to a mature, dynamic, and essential component of the global push to electrify transportation.

Industrial Impact

The electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market has had a tremendous influence on the automotive industry, causing a paradigm shift away from traditional internal combustion engine cars and toward more sustainable electric alternatives. This change is spurred by rising consumer demand for eco-friendly transportation choices, as well as a worldwide push to reduce carbon emissions. The introduction of fast-charging technology has removed two of the most significant impediments to EV adoption, i.e., range anxiety and long charging periods. Fast-charging technologies have made EVs more viable for everyday usage and long-distance travel by allowing them to charge their batteries quickly, often to 80% capacity in minutes. This technical improvement has prompted automotive manufacturers to speed up their EV development plans, resulting in a more diversified and competitive market with a wider selection of electric vehicles available to consumers. The sector has experienced an increase in expenditures in R&D to improve battery technology, charging infrastructure, and vehicle economy, supporting innovation and technical advancements in electric mobility.

Furthermore, the growth of the EV fast-charging system market has triggered a huge industrial revolution that has impacted not only automakers but also utilities, energy providers, and infrastructure developers. The integration of EV fast-charging stations into the existing power grid creates both difficulties and possibilities for energy management and distribution, demanding infrastructure modifications and implementation of smart grid technology to assure stability and efficiency. This has resulted in new cooperation between the automotive and energy industries, which are pushing the development of renewable energy sources and storage technologies to facilitate long-term EV charging. Furthermore, the proliferation of EVs and need for fast-charging infrastructure has prompted governments throughout the world to establish supporting laws and incentives, affecting automotive industry standards and customer preferences. As a result, the automotive industry is undergoing a significant revolution, with electric mobility leading the way in transportation solutions, altering market dynamics, and establishing new benchmarks for innovation and sustainability.

Market Segmentation:

Segmentation 1: by Application

• Public
• Private

Public Segment to Dominate the Global Electric Vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System Market (by Application)

The electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market was led by the public segment, with a 91.94% share in 2022. Public EV fast-charging stations are becoming more realistic as charging technology advances and environmental awareness grows. Fast chargers, which can generate 50 kW to 350 kW, can charge an EV battery to 80% capacity in 20 minutes to an hour, far faster than traditional charging techniques. Governments and corporate organizations throughout the world are investing in extending fast-charging networks to serve the rising number of EVs on the road.

Segmentation 2: by Connector Type

• CHAdeMO
• Combined Charging System (CCS)
• Supercharger
• GB/T

GB/T Segment to Witness the Highest Growth between 2023 and 2033

The GB/T segment dominated the global electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market (by connector type) in 2022, with a 78.80% share due to the fact that it enables both AC and DC charging, setting it apart from other charging standards such as CCS and CHAdeMO, which are more common in Europe, Japan, and North America. The GB/T standard specifies two types of connectors, i.e., GB/T 20234.2 for AC charging and GB/T 20234.3 for DC fast charging. The DC variant is designed to handle high-power charging, which frequently exceeds 250 kW, resulting in much shorter charging periods than standard AC systems. This design offers unique safety elements, such as insulation and electric shock protection, that are specifically suited to meet the needs of fast power transmission.

Segmentation 3: by Power Output

• Less than 100kW
• 100-200kW
• Above 200kW

Less than 100kW Segment to Witness the Highest Growth between 2023 and 2033

The less than 100kW segment dominated the global electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market (by power output) in 2022. This was due to the fact that while less than 100kW chargers do not offer the same quick charging speeds as their higher-capacity counterparts (often 150kW to 350kW), they achieve a compromise between speed and accessibility. As a result, they are a key component of a diverse EV charging infrastructure that can accommodate a broader range of charging demands and circumstances.

Segmentation 4: by Installation Type

• Fixed
• Portable

Fixed Segment to Witness the Highest Growth between 2023 and 2033

The fixed segment dominated the global electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market (by installation type) in 2022. This was due to the fact that fixed EV fast-charging stations, also known as direct current fast chargers (DCFC), tend to be installed in public and semi-public areas such as metropolitan centers, transit hubs, and major roads. They are intended to provide a quick charge, generally 80% battery capacity in under 30 minutes, which is far faster than Level 1 or Level 2 charging systems.

Segmentation 5: by Region

• North America - U.S., Canada, and Mexico
• Europe - Germany, France, Italy, U.K., Norway, Netherlands, Spain, and Rest-of-Europe
• Asia-Pacific - Japan, China, South Korea, and Rest-of-Asia-Pacific
• Rest-of-the-World - South America and Middle East and Africa

Europe was the highest-growing market among all the regions, registering a CAGR of 21.40%. Rest-of-the-World is anticipated to gain traction in terms of electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system adoption owing to government initiatives to promote EV adoption. Moreover, the shift toward renewable energy and a sustainable economy is also expected to support the growth of the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market in North America and Europe during the forecast period.

In Europe, Germany is anticipated to show the highest growth in the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market among other countries in the region, growing at a CAGR of 26.46%. The growth of Germany in the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market is mainly due to the factor that there is a wide range of automobile manufacturers known globally who are making a shift toward greener methods of transport. A decent infrastructure regarding the support of EV fast charging is also present in the country, which helps the country even more to adopt this technology.

Recent Developments in the Electric Vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System Market

• In December 2022, ADS-TEC Energy, headquartered in Germany, announced the introduction of ChargePost, one of the most compact battery-based charging systems that enables ultra-fast electric vehicle (EV) charging on existing power connections without the need to expand existing grids.
• In August 2023, the Bharat Charge Alliance (BCA), which is an open platform overlooking the developments in the EV fast-charging ecosystem in India, announced its partnership with CHAdeMo Association to build and bring the charging infrastructure in the country under a safe operating environment.
• In October 2023, BP p.l.c. signed a contract worth $100 million with Tesla to purchase the company's ultra-fast chargers. The purchase, as of 2024, will enable the company to install chargers across the U.S. under its independent EV charging network.

Demand - Drivers and Limitations

Demand Driver: Growth in Adoption of EV Vehicles

The increasing number of electric vehicles on the road demands a robust and extensive charging infrastructure. This demand generates commerce for firms that produce, install, and operate electric vehicle charging stations. Notable advancements include ultrafast charging methods and incorporation of renewable energy sources into charging networks.

Market Restraint: High Associated Costs for Charging

The average cost of completely charging an EV varies greatly based on the vehicle's battery capacity and the local energy rate. Charging a mid-size EV with a 60 kWh battery from 0% to 100% at home might cost between $7.20 and $14.40, assuming an electricity rate of $0.12 to $0.24 per kWh. However, the cost of using a public fast-charging station might be much higher due to quicker charging rates and additional service costs, perhaps topping $30 for a comparable charge. This price difference may prevent EV owners from using fast-charging facilities, reducing demand for such services.

Market Opportunity: Commercial Space Utilization

The implementation of electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging systems in commercial venues such as shopping malls, hotels, and restaurants attracts a large number of consumers, particularly those who own electric vehicles. A prominent advancement in this field is ChargePoint Holdings, Inc.'s collaboration with large retail chains to deploy fast-charging stations in their parking lots. This strategic decision not only boosts the attractiveness of these commercial locations by catering to the expanding population of EV owners but also extends their stay as vehicles charge, potentially increasing consumer spending within these places.

How can this report add value to an organization?

Product/Innovation Strategy: The product segment helps the reader understand the different types of products available for deployment and their potential globally. Moreover, the study provides the reader with a detailed understanding of the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market by application on the basis of application (public and private) and product on the basis of connector type (CHAdeMO, combined charging system (CCS), supercharger, and GB/T), power output (less than 100kW, 100-200kW, and above 200kW), and installation type (portable and fixed).

Growth/Marketing Strategy: The electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market has seen major development by key players operating in the market, such as business expansion, partnership, collaboration, and joint venture. The favored strategy for the companies has been partnerships and contracts to strengthen their position in the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market. For instance, in May 2023, Deere & Company revealed that it was bringing its sensing technology down to plant seed level. Not only can seeds be planted quickly with Deere's automated seeding technology, which can fire over 1,000 seeds per second, but John Deere has also created a new enhanced seeding-fertilizer capability aided by sophisticated and accurate tracking technologies.

Competitive Strategy: Key players in the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market analyzed and profiled in the study involve major electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system offering companies providing electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging systems for the purpose. Moreover, a detailed competitive benchmarking of the players operating in the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market has been done to help the reader understand how players stack against each other, presenting a clear market landscape. Additionally, comprehensive competitive strategies such as partnerships, agreements, and collaborations will aid the reader in understanding the untapped revenue pockets in the market.

Methodology: The research methodology design adopted for this specific study includes a mix of data collected from primary and secondary data sources. Both primary resources (key players, market leaders, and in-house experts) and secondary research (a host of paid and unpaid databases), along with analytical tools, are employed to build the predictive and forecast models.

Data and validation have been taken into consideration from both primary sources as well as secondary sources.

Key Considerations and Assumptions in Market Engineering and Validation

• Detailed secondary research has been done to ensure maximum coverage of manufacturers/suppliers operational in a country.
• Exact revenue information, up to a certain extent, will be extracted for each company from secondary sources and databases. Revenues specific to product/service/technology will then be estimated for each market player based on fact-based proxy indicators as well as primary inputs.
• Based on the classification, the average selling price (ASP) is calculated using the weighted average method.
• The currency conversion rate has been taken from the historical exchange rate of Oanda and/or other relevant websites.
• Any economic downturn in the future has not been taken into consideration for the market estimation and forecast.
• The base currency considered for the market analysis is US$. Currencies other than the US$ have been converted to the US$ for all statistical calculations, considering the average conversion rate for that particular year.
• The term "product" in this document may refer to "type" as and where relevant.
• The term "manufacturers/suppliers" may refer to "systems providers" or "technology providers" as and where relevant.

Primary Research

The primary sources involve industry experts from the aerospace and defense industry, including electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system, automotive industry, and electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system manufacturers. Respondents such as CEOs, vice presidents, marketing directors, and technology and innovation directors have been interviewed to obtain and verify both qualitative and quantitative aspects of this research study.

Secondary Research

This study involves the usage of extensive secondary research, company websites, directories, and annual reports. It also makes use of databases, such as Spacenews, Businessweek, and others, to collect effective and useful information for a market-oriented, technical, commercial, and extensive study of the global market. In addition to the data sources, the study has been undertaken with the help of other data sources and websites, such as www.nasa.gov.

Secondary research was done to obtain critical information about the industry's value chain, the market's monetary chain, revenue models, the total pool of key players, and the current and potential use cases and applications.

Key Market Players and Competition Synopsis

The companies that are profiled have been selected based on thorough secondary research, which includes analyzing company coverage, product portfolio, market penetration, and insights gathered from primary experts.

The electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market comprises key players who have established themselves thoroughly and have the proper understanding of the market, accompanied by start-ups who are looking forward to establishing themselves in this highly competitive market. In 2022, the electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market was dominated by established players, accounting for 65% of the market share, whereas start-ups managed to capture 35% of the market. With the growth in advancements in vehicle charging technologies among the nations, more players will enter the global electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging system market with each passing year.

Some prominent names established in this market are:

• ABB
• Siemens
• Blink Charging Co.
• bp pulse
• BTC Power
• ChargePoint, Inc.
• Delta Electronics, Inc.
• Efacec
• EVBox
• FLO Services Inc.
• GARO Group
• Proterra
• SK Signet
• Kempower

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Scope and Definition

1 Markets

• 1.1 Market Trends: Current and Future
  • 1.1.1 Trends: Overview
  • 1.1.2 National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) Program in the U.S.
  • 1.1.3 Growing Demand for Last-Mile Delivery
  • 1.1.4 Smart Charging Development
• 1.2 Supply Chain Overview
  • 1.2.1 Value Chain Analysis
  • 1.2.2 Pricing Forecast
• 1.3 R&D Review
  • 1.3.1 Patent Filing Trend (by Country, Number of Patents)
• 1.4 Regulatory and Standards Landscape
• 1.5 Impact Analysis for Key Global Events- COVID-19 and Russia/Ukraine or Middle East Crisis on Electric Vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System Market
• 1.6 Market Dynamics Overview
  • 1.6.1 Market Drivers
    • 1.6.1.1 Growth in Adoption of EV Vehicles
    • 1.6.1.2 Ban on Production of Interna Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles
    • 1.6.1.3 Technological Advancements in Charging Methods
    • 1.6.1.4 Government Policies and Initiatives
  • 1.6.2 Market Restraints
    • 1.6.2.1 High Associated Costs for Charging
    • 1.6.2.2 Power Grid Instabilities
    • 1.6.2.3 High Infrastructure Cost
  • 1.6.3 Market Opportunities
    • 1.6.3.1 Commercial Space Utilization
    • 1.6.3.2 Software Platforms for Charging Network Management

2 Application

• 2.1 Application Segmentation
• 2.2 Application Summary
• 2.3 Electric Vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System Market (by Application)
  • 2.3.1 Applications
    • 2.3.1.1 Public
    • 2.3.1.2 Private

3 Products

• 3.1 Product Segmentation
• 3.2 Product Summary
• 3.3 Electric Vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System Market (by Connector Type)
  • 3.3.1 CHAdeMO
  • 3.3.2 Combined Charging System (CCS)
  • 3.3.3 Supercharger
  • 3.3.4 GB/T
• 3.4 Electric Vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System Market (by Power Output)
  • 3.4.1 Less than 100kW
  • 3.4.2 100-200kW
  • 3.4.3 Above 200kW
• 3.5 Electric Vehicle (EV) Fast-Charging System Market (by Installation Type)
  • 3.5.1 Fixed
  • 3.5.2 Portable

4 Regions

• 4.1 Regional Summary
• 4.2 Drivers and Restraints
• 4.3 North America
  • 4.3.1 Regional Overview
  • 4.3.2 Driving Factors for Market Growth
  • 4.3.3 Factors Challenging the Market
  • 4.3.4 Application
  • 4.3.5 Product
  • 4.3.6 North America (by Country)
    • 4.3.6.1 U.S.
    • 4.3.6.2 Canada
    • 4.3.6.1 Mexico
• 4.4 Europe
  • 4.4.1 Regional Overview
  • 4.4.2 Driving Factors for Market Growth
  • 4.4.3 Factors Challenging the Market
  • 4.4.4 Application
  • 4.4.5 Product
  • 4.4.6 Europe (by Country)
    • 4.4.6.1 France
    • 4.4.6.2 Germany
    • 4.4.6.3 U.K.
    • 4.4.6.4 Italy
    • 4.4.6.5 Norway
    • 4.4.6.6 Netherlands
    • 4.4.6.7 Spain
    • 4.4.6.8 Rest-of-Europe
• 4.5 Asia-Pacific
  • 4.5.1 Regional Overview
  • 4.5.2 Driving Factors for Market Growth
  • 4.5.3 Factors Challenging the Market
  • 4.5.4 Application
  • 4.5.5 Product
  • 4.5.6 Asia-Pacific (by Country)
    • 4.5.6.1 China
    • 4.5.6.2 Japan
    • 4.5.6.3 South Korea
    • 4.5.6.4 Rest-of-Asia-Pacific
• 4.6 Rest-of-the-World
  • 4.6.1 Regional Overview
  • 4.6.2 Driving Factors for Market Growth
  • 4.6.3 Factors Challenging the Market
  • 4.6.4 Application
  • 4.6.5 Product
  • 4.6.6 Rest-of-the-World (by Region)
    • 4.6.6.1 Middle East and Africa
    • 4.6.6.2 South America

5 Markets - Competitive Benchmarking & Company Profiles

• 5.1 Next Frontiers
• 5.2 Geographic Assessment
• 5.3 Company Profiles
  • 5.3.1 ABB
    • 5.3.1.1 Overview
    • 5.3.1.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.1.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.1.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.1.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.1.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.1.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.2 Siemens
    • 5.3.2.1 Overview
    • 5.3.2.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.2.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.2.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.2.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.2.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.2.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.3 Blink Charging Co.
    • 5.3.3.1 Overview
    • 5.3.3.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.3.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.3.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.3.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.3.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.3.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.4 bp pulse
    • 5.3.4.1 Overview
    • 5.3.4.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.4.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.4.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.4.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.4.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.4.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.5 BTC Power
    • 5.3.5.1 Overview
    • 5.3.5.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.5.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.5.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.5.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.5.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.5.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.6 ChargePoint, Inc.
    • 5.3.6.1 Overview
    • 5.3.6.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.6.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.6.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.6.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.6.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.6.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.7 Delta Electronics, Inc.
    • 5.3.7.1 Overview
    • 5.3.7.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.7.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.7.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.7.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.7.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.7.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.8 Efacec
    • 5.3.8.1 Overview
    • 5.3.8.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.8.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.8.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.8.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.8.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.8.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.9 EVBox
    • 5.3.9.1 Overview
    • 5.3.9.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.9.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.9.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.9.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.9.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.9.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.10 FLO Services Inc.
    • 5.3.10.1 Overview
    • 5.3.10.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.10.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.10.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.10.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.10.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.10.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.11 GARO AB
    • 5.3.11.1 Overview
    • 5.3.11.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.11.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.11.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.11.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.11.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.11.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.12 Proterra
    • 5.3.12.1 Overview
    • 5.3.12.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.12.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.12.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.12.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.12.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.12.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.13 SK Signet
    • 5.3.13.1 Overview
    • 5.3.13.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.13.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.13.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.13.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.13.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.13.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.14 Tesla
    • 5.3.14.1 Overview
    • 5.3.14.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.14.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.14.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.14.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.14.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.14.7 Market Share, 2022
  • 5.3.15 Kempower
    • 5.3.15.1 Overview
    • 5.3.15.2 Top Products/Product Portfolio
    • 5.3.15.3 Top Competitors
    • 5.3.15.4 Target Customers
    • 5.3.15.5 Key Personnel
    • 5.3.15.6 Analyst View
    • 5.3.15.7 Market Share, 2022
• 5.4 List of Other Key Manufacturers

6 Research Methodology

• 6.1 Data Sources
  • 6.1.1 Primary Data Sources
  • 6.1.2 Secondary Data Sources
  • 6.1.3 Data Triangulation
• 6.2 Market Estimation and Forecast