바이오 기반 폴리머, 모노머, 중간체(2026-2036년)

The global market for bio-based polymers, monomers and chemical intermediates is undergoing the most significant structural transformation in its history. Production is growing at more than four times the rate of the overall polymer market, driven by a combination of tightening single-use plastic regulation, corporate sustainability mandates, and a generation of fermentation and catalytic process technologies that are finally achieving cost parity with fossil-based alternatives across an expanding range of polymer categories. The sector spans biodegradable and non-biodegradable bio-based polymers, natural bio-based polymers, bio-based monomers and the chemical building blocks that underpin them — a value chain that now touches virtually every major industrial sector from packaging and fibres through automotive, construction and electronics.

The market reached a structural inflection point in 2025. For the first time since tracking began, Asia is not the leading region for new production capacity additions. North America and Europe are now driving capacity growth at double the global average rate, redefining the investment geography of the sector in a shift expected to consolidate through 2036 as large-scale bio-PP, PHA and bio-PE projects come online in both regions. Asia retains the largest absolute installed base, led by PHA, PLA and polyamide production, but its share is expected to stabilise as Western investment accelerates — a development with material implications for feedstock supply chains, technology licensing strategies and pricing dynamics across the sector.

The market is structured across three commercial polymer pathways. Drop-in bio-based polymers including bio-PE, bio-PP and bio-PET are chemically identical to fossil equivalents and compete on price parity alone. Smart drop-in polymers including bio-based epoxy resins and polyamides offer built-in process or sustainability advantages that partially de-link their economics from oil price cycles. Dedicated bio-based polymers including PLA, PHA, PEF, cellulose acetate and starch-based compounds compete on unique material properties unavailable from fossil alternatives, commanding premium pricing justified by performance, biodegradability or regulatory compliance. The fastest-growing individual polymer categories include bio-PP, PEF and PHA, each driven by distinct demand signals in packaging, beverages and marine-degradable applications respectively.

Feedstock innovation is broadening the sector's resource base and improving its sustainability credentials. Non-edible oil crops, agricultural waste streams, forestry residues and — increasingly — third-generation biological sources are entering commercial-scale bio-polymer production. In January 2026, Samsung Electronics announced the global commercial launch of the Samsung Color E-Paper display, incorporating phytoplankton-based bio-resin in a mass-market electronics product. As the holder of more than a third of global digital signage shipments, Samsung's adoption of a microalgal bio-resin marks the first confirmed commercial-scale use of a third-generation algal feedstock in consumer electronics by a major global brand. The announcement validates phytoplankton-derived resins for demanding precision electronics applications and opens a demand pathway for bio-based resin producers entirely outside the packaging and automotive segments that have historically driven bio-polymer adoption.

Demand signals from global brand leaders are increasingly defining the sector's trajectory as much as regulatory pressure or feedstock economics. Corporate procurement mandates, sustainability reporting requirements under frameworks including the EU's CSRD and the global Green Claims Directive, and growing consumer awareness of microplastic pollution are combining to make bio-based polymer specification a mainstream procurement decision across fast-moving consumer goods, hygiene, automotive and electronics. The biomass feedstock requirement for the entire global bio-based polymer industry represents only 0.016% of global agricultural land, effectively neutralising the food-versus-fuel land competition concern that has historically constrained investment and policy support for the sector, and creating conditions for continued acceleration of capacity investment, technology development and commercial adoption through 2036.

Bio-based Polymers, Monomers and Intermediates: Market Analysis, Global Capacities, Production and Strategic Outlook 2026–2036 is the most comprehensive market intelligence report available on the global bio-based polymer and chemical building block sector. Published by Future Markets, Inc., the report provides quantitative capacity and production data, 2036 forecasts, technology assessments, regulatory analysis and company profiles across the full value chain from bio-based feedstocks through chemical intermediates and monomers to finished polymers and their end-use markets.

The report covers 17 bio-based polymer categories including cellulose acetate, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, PLA, PHA, bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET, PTT, PEF, PA, PBAT, PBS, APC, casein polymers, SCPC and EPDM, as well as newly introduced coverage of PTF, bio-PBT, PFA, bio-PVC, bio-PMMA and bio-SBR — polymers previously absent from commercial market intelligence but now confirmed in nova-Institute's definitive 2026 annual assessment as commercially tracked output materials. For each polymer, the report provides market analysis, production pathway description, applications overview, producer and capacity tables, and annual production capacity series from 2019 to 2036.

The building blocks and intermediates section covers over 30 individual bio-based chemical building blocks from ethylene, propylene and bio-based naphtha through lactic acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, ECH and FDCA to specialty monomers including DN5, DDDA, sebacic acid and levoglucosenone. Each building block is covered with overview, applications table, global producer information and annual production series from 2018 to 2036. A new aggregate bio-based building block market overview tracks total sector capacity from 2011 to 2036.

The feedstocks section covers plant-based, waste-based, microbial, mineral and gaseous biomass sources, with production data for starch, glucose, glycerol, sugars, cellulose, fatty acids, agricultural waste, food waste, forestry waste, biogas and syngas. The regulations section has been updated to include the revised EU Bioeconomy Strategy published in November 2025 — the most significant European policy statement on bio-based materials in over a decade — alongside the US, European and Asia-Pacific regulatory frameworks. The report's market segment analysis covers nine end-use categories from fibres and packaging through automotive, electronics and agriculture, with corrected 2025 data confirming fibres as the leading application segment at 28% of total bio-based polymer production. Over 580 company profiles are included covering producers, technology developers, feedstock suppliers and downstream brand owners across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

Report contents include:

• Comprehensive coverage of all commercially produced bio-based polymers including cellulose acetate, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, PLA, PHA, bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET, PTT, PEF, bio-PA, PBAT, PBS, APC, casein polymers, starch-based compounds and EPDM, with dedicated sections covering PTF, bio-PBT, polyfurfuryl alcohol, bio-PVC, bio-PMMA and bio-SBR
• Full technology descriptions, production pathway analysis, applications overviews, producer and capacity tables, and annual production capacity series from 2019 to 2036 for each polymer category
• Drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated bio-based polymer classification framework with per-polymer assignment and analysis of competitive dynamics and pricing implications for each pathway
• The biodegradability and bio-based independence principle — a definitive explanation of why bio-based content and biodegradability are independent properties, with commercial and regulatory implications for each
• Global bio-based polymer feedstock and land use analysis covering biomass inputs by feedstock type across glycerol, sugars, starch, non-edible oils, cellulose and edible oils, with land use assessment for the entire sector
• Coverage of over 30 bio-based chemical building block and monomer categories from ethylene, propylene and bio-based naphtha through lactic acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol and epichlorohydrin to specialty monomers including DN5, DDDA, sebacic acid and levoglucosenone, each with overview, applications table, global producer information and annual production series from 2018 to 2036
• New dedicated section on bio-based naphtha as an upstream enabler for bio-based polyolefins via the HVO/HEFA route, covering producers, applications, supply chain structure and production series to 2036
• New dedicated section on sorbitol as a standalone building block in the isosorbide and polyurethane polyol supply chain
• Aggregate bio-based building block market overview covering total sector capacity from 2011 to 2036 with identification of primary growth drivers
• Feedstock sections covering plant-based, waste-based, microbial, mineral and gaseous biomass sources including starch, sugar crops, lignocellulosic biomass, plant oils, food waste, agricultural waste, forestry waste, aquaculture waste, municipal solid waste, industrial waste oils, microalgae, macroalgae, mineral sources, biogas and syngas
• Producer capacity tables for all major polymer categories including lactic acid, PLA, PTT, FDCA and PEF, bio-PA, PBAT, PBS, bio-PE, bio-PP and PHA
• Confirmed planned capacity expansion tables for PLA showing announced additions through 2027
• Full regional production and capacity breakdowns for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, with 2025 data and 2036 forecasts by polymer type for each region
• Analysis of the Asia inflection point — the first reporting period in which Asia is not the leading region for new bio-based polymer capacity additions — with implications for investment geography, technology licensing and pricing dynamics
• End-use market analysis across nine application segments — fibres and textiles, flexible packaging, rigid packaging, functional applications, automotive and transport, consumer goods, building and construction, electronics and agriculture — with 2025 data and 2036 forecasts
• Full end-use market production series 2019–2036 for each of the nine application segments, plus a summary table with segment rankings and regional breakdowns
• Regional end-use market tables for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, each showing production by segment from 2019 to 2036
• Competitive analysis of bio-based PBAT and PBS versus fossil-based equivalents, including pricing and growth trajectory implications through 2036
• Global bio-based polymers market revenue table 2020–2036 by polymer type across all major categories including epoxy resins, cellulose acetate and polyurethanes
• Bioplastics regulations coverage spanning the United States, European Union, Asia-Pacific and emerging markets regulatory frameworks
• EU Bioeconomy Strategy November 2025 — the most significant European policy statement on bio-based materials in over a decade — covering its five lead materials markets and implications for the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, CSRD, CBAM and Green Claims Directive
• Extended producer responsibility frameworks across all major markets with analysis of how EPR scheme design affects bio-based polymer market access and pricing
• Life cycle assessment and carbon footprint data covering cradle-to-gate and cradle-to-grave analyses for six major bio-based polymer types and multiple production scenarios, with comparison to fossil-based equivalents
• Land use change analysis covering direct and indirect impacts, temporal boundary considerations and the confirmed agricultural footprint of the global bio-based polymer sector
• Chemical recycling integration pathways for bio-PET, PLA, PHA, bio-PE and PEF, including technology readiness, cost trajectories and commercial timelines
• Algal, fungal and mycelium-based materials section including the January 2026 Samsung Electronics Color E-Paper announcement confirming phytoplankton-based bio-resin in a mass-market electronics product — the first commercial-scale third-generation algal resin application in consumer electronics
• Natural fibres section covering cotton, jute, hemp, flax, ramie, kenaf, sisal, abaca, coir, banana, pineapple, rice, corn, bamboo and wool with manufacturing methods, matrix materials, application data and production series 2018–2036
• Bio-composite materials analysis including natural fibre reinforced bio-polymer performance data, sustainability credentials and application markets in automotive, construction and marine sectors
• Chain of custody frameworks for bio-based content attribution including mass balance, segregation and book-and-claim approaches, with certification scheme analysis covering ISCC PLUS, REDcert² and equivalent standards
• Chemical tracers and markers for bio-based content verification covering radiocarbon measurement methodology and emerging spectroscopic approaches
• Scope comparison analysis explaining why bio-based polymer production figures differ between Plastics Europe, European Bioplastics and nova-Institute tracking frameworks, with reconciliation of the three datasets
• Bio-based content analysis across the full polymer market including structural polymers, functional polymers, rubber and fibres
• Green premium analysis covering consumer willingness to pay, corporate procurement premium tolerance by sector and the trajectory of bio-based cost premiums toward parity with fossil-based alternatives
• Compostability standards analysis covering ASTM D6400, EN 13432, ASTM D5511 and ISO 14855 with distinction between industrial composting, home composting and landfill biodegradation requirements and their commercial implications
• Over 590 company profiles covering producers, technology developers, feedstock suppliers, building block manufacturers and downstream brand owners across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, with address, products, technology description, production capacity and market position for each
• Bioplastics producers tables for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America listing company names, locations, polymer types and capacity data

The report profiles over 590 companies across the global bio-based polymer and monomer value chain, including: 3DBioFibR, 3M, 9Fiber, ADBioplastics, Adriano di Marti / Desserto, Advanced Biochemical Thailand, Aeropowder, Aemetis, AEP Polymers, AGRANA Staerke, AgroRenew, Ahlstrom-Munksjo, Algaeing, Algenesis, Algal Bio, Algenol, Algenie, Alginor, Algix, AmicaTerra, AmphiStar, AMSilk, Ananas Anam, An Phat Bioplastics, Anellotech, Andritz, Anqing He Xing Chemical, Ankor Bioplastics, ANPOLY, Applied Bioplastics, Aquafil, Aquapak Polymers, Archer Daniels Midland, Arctic Biomaterials, Ardra Bio, Arekapak, Arkema, Arlanxeo, Arrow Greentech, Attis Innovations, Arzeda, Asahi Kasei, AVA Biochem, Avantium, Avani Eco, Avient, Axcelon Biopolymers, Ayas Renewables, Azolla, Balrampur Chini Mills, BacAlt Biosciences, Bambooder Biobased Fibers, BASF, Bast Fiber Technologies, BBCA Biochemical and GALACTIC Lactic Acid, Bcomp, Better Fibre Technologies, Betulium, Beyond Leather Materials, Bioextrax, Bio Fab NZ, BIO-FED, Biofibre, Biofine Technology, Bio2Materials, Biokemik, Bioleather, BIOLO, BioLogiQ, Biomass Resin Holdings, Biome Bioplastics, BioSolutions, Biosyntia, BIOTEC, Biofiber Tech Sweden, Bioform Technologies, BIO-LUTIONS, Biophilica, Bioplastech, Bioplastix, Biopolax, Biotecam, Biotic Circular Technologies, Biotrem, Biovox, Bioweg, bitBiome, BlockTexx, Bloom Biorenewables, BluCon Biotech, Blue BioFuels, Blue Ocean Closures, Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology, Bolt Threads, Borealis, Borregaard Chemcell, Bosk Bioproducts, Bowil Biotech, B-PREG, Braskem, Bucha Bio, Buyo Bioplastic, Burgo Group, B'ZEOS, C16 Biosciences, Carbiolice, Carbios, Carbon Crusher, Carbonwave, Cardia Bioplastics, Cardolite, CARAPAC, Carapace Biopolymers, Cargill, Cass Materials, Catalyxx, Cathay Industrial Biotech, Celanese, Cellicon, Cellucomp, Celluforce, CellON, Cellugy, Cellutech (Stora Enso), ChainCraft, CH-Bioforce, ChakraTech, Checkerspot, Chempolis, Chestnut Bio Polymers, Chitelix, Chongqing Bofei Biochemical Products, Chuetsu Pulp and Paper, CIMV, Circa Group, Circular Systems, CJ Biomaterials, CO2BioClean, Coastgrass, COFCO, Coffeeco Upcycle, Corn Next, Corumat, Clariant, CreaFill Fibers, Cristal Union, Cruz Foam, CuanTec, Daesang, Daicel, Daicel Polymer, DaikyoNishikawa, Daio Paper, Daishowa Paper Products, DAK Americas, Danimer Scientific, DENSO, Diamond Green Diesel, DIC Corporation, DIC Products, Dispersa, DKS, DMC Biotechnologies, Domsjo Fabriker, Domtar Paper, Dongnam Realize, Dongying Hebang Chemical, Dow, Royal DSM, DuFor Resins, DuPont, DuPont Tate and Lyle Bio Products, Eastman Chemical, ecoGenie biotech, Ecopel, Ecoshell, Ecovia Renewables, Ecovance, Ecovative Design, EcoPha, Eden Materials, EggPlant, Ehime Paper Manufacturing, Elea & Lili, Emirates Biotech, EMS-Grivory, Enerkem, Enkev, Eni, Enviral, EnginZyme, Enzymit, Eranova, Esbottle, EveryCarbon, Evolved By Nature, Evonik Industries, Evrnu, Expedition Zero, FabricNano, Fairbrics, Faircraft, Far Eastern New Century, Fermentalg, Fiberlean Technologies, Fiberight, Fillerbank, Fiquetex, FKuR Kunststoff, FlexSea, Flocus, Floreon, Foamplant and more.....

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1 What are bioplastics?
• 1.2 Global Plastics Market and Supply
• 1.3 Recycling Polymers
• 1.4 Bio-based and Biodegradable vs. Non-biodegradable Polymers
• 1.5 Bio-based Content Across the Full Polymer Market
• 1.6 Regional Distribution
• 1.7 Bio-based Building Blocks Market Overview
• 1.8 Next Generation Bio-based Polymers
• 1.9 Integration with Chemical Recycling
• 1.10 Novel Feedstock Sources
• 1.11 Turning Waste into Bioplastics
• 1.12 Bio-based Polymer Production Shares and Bio-based Content: 2025
• 1.13 Global Bioplastics Capacity
  • 1.13.1 Production capacities 2025
  • 1.13.2 Production capacities forecast 2025-2036
  • 1.13.3 Production capacities by region 2024-2036
• 1.14 Global Market Forecasts
• 1.15 Environmental Impact and Sustainability
  • 1.15.1 Plastics carbon footprint
  • 1.15.2 Bioplastics carbon footprint
  • 1.15.3 Life Cycle Assessment of Bioplastics
  • 1.15.4 Use of renewables in production
  • 1.15.5 Land Use and Feedstock Sustainability
  • 1.15.6 Carbon Footprint Comparison with Fossil-based Alternatives
• 1.16 Bio-composites
  • 1.16.1 Sustainable packaging
  • 1.16.2 Enhanced biodegradation of bio-based polymers
  • 1.16.3 Bio-composite manufacturing
  • 1.16.4 Sustainability and Environmental Performance of Bio-based Polymers

2 INTRODUCTION

• 2.1 The Biodegradability and Bio-based Independence Principle
• 2.2 Types of bioplastics
  • 2.2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2.2 Polymer Types
    • 2.2.2.1 Transition from fossil-based to bio-based polymers
    • 2.2.2.2 Monosaccharides
    • 2.2.2.3 Vegetable Oils
  • 2.2.3 Bio-based monomers
    • 2.2.3.1 Portfolio of available monomers
    • 2.2.3.2 Emerging Monomer Technologies
  • 2.2.4 The Green Premium
  • 2.2.5 Market Pathway Classification: Drop-in, Smart Drop-in and Dedicated Bio-based Polymers
• 2.3 Feedstocks
  • 2.3.1 Types
  • 2.3.2 Prices
  • 2.3.3 Alternative feedstocks for bioplastics
  • 2.3.4 Food security, land use, and water resources
• 2.4 Chain of custody
• 2.5 Chemical tracers and markers
• 2.6 Bioplastics regulations
  • 2.6.1 Overview
  • 2.6.2 Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
  • 2.6.3 United States
  • 2.6.4 Europe
    • 2.6.4.1 EU Bioeconomy Strategy November 2025
  • 2.6.5 Asia-Pacific

3 BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCKS AND INTERMEDIATES MARKET

• 3.1 BIOREFINERIES
• 3.2 BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCK AND LAND USE
• 3.3 PLANT-BASED
  • 3.3.1 STARCH
    • 3.3.1.1 Overview
    • 3.3.1.2 Sources
    • 3.3.1.3 Global production
    • 3.3.1.4 Lysine
      • 3.3.1.4.1 Source
      • 3.3.1.4.2 Applications
      • 3.3.1.4.3 Global production
    • 3.3.1.5 Glucose
      • 3.3.1.5.1 HMDA
        • 3.3.1.5.1.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.1.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.1.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.1.4 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.2　1,5-pentamethylenediamine (DA5)
        • 3.3.1.5.2.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.2.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.2.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.2.4 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.3 Sorbitol
        • 3.3.1.5.3.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.3.2 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.3.3 Global Production
      • 3.3.1.5.3.4 Isosorbide
        • 3.3.1.5.3.4.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.3.4.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.3.4.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.3.4.4 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.4 Lactic acid
        • 3.3.1.5.4.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.4.2 D-lactic acid
        • 3.3.1.5.4.3 L-lactic acid
        • 3.3.1.5.4.4 Lactide
      • 3.3.1.5.5 Itaconic acid
        • 3.3.1.5.5.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.5.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.5.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.5.4 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.6　3-HP
        • 3.3.1.5.6.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.6.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.6.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.6.4 Global production
        • 3.3.1.5.6.5 Acrylic acid
          • 3.3.1.5.6.5.1 Overview
          • 3.3.1.5.6.5.2 Applications
          • 3.3.1.5.6.5.3 Global production
        • 3.3.1.5.6.6　1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)
          • 3.3.1.5.6.6.1 Overview
          • 3.3.1.5.6.6.2 Applications
          • 3.3.1.5.6.6.3 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.7 Succinic Acid
        • 3.3.1.5.7.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.7.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.7.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.7.4 Global production
        • 3.3.1.5.7.5 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO)
          • 3.3.1.5.7.5.1 Overview
          • 3.3.1.5.7.5.2 Applications
          • 3.3.1.5.7.5.3 Global production
        • 3.3.1.5.7.6 Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
          • 3.3.1.5.7.6.1 Overview
          • 3.3.1.5.7.6.2 Applications
          • 3.3.1.5.7.6.3 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.8 Adipic acid
        • 3.3.1.5.8.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.8.2 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.8.3 Caprolactame
          • 3.3.1.5.8.3.1 Overview
          • 3.3.1.5.8.3.2 Applications
          • 3.3.1.5.8.3.3 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.9 Isobutanol
        • 3.3.1.5.9.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.9.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.9.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.9.4 Global production
        • 3.3.1.5.9.5 p-Xylene
          • 3.3.1.5.9.5.1 Overview
          • 3.3.1.5.9.5.2 Sources
          • 3.3.1.5.9.5.3 Applications
          • 3.3.1.5.9.5.4 Global production
        • 3.3.1.5.9.6 Terephthalic acid
          • 3.3.1.5.9.6.1 Overview
      • 3.3.1.5.10 1,3 Proppanediol
        • 3.3.1.5.10.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.10.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.10.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.10.4 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.11 Monoethylene glycol (MEG)
        • 3.3.1.5.11.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.11.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.11.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.11.4 Global production
      • 3.3.1.5.12 Ethanol
        • 3.3.1.5.12.1 Overview
        • 3.3.1.5.12.2 Sources
        • 3.3.1.5.12.3 Applications
        • 3.3.1.5.12.4 Global production
        • 3.3.1.5.12.5 Ethylene
          • 3.3.1.5.12.5.1 Overview
          • 3.3.1.5.12.5.2 Applications
          • 3.3.1.5.12.5.3 Global production
          • 3.3.1.5.12.5.4 Propylene
          • 3.3.1.5.12.5.5 Vinyl chloride
        • 3.3.1.5.12.6 Methly methacrylate
  • 3.3.2 SUGAR CROPS
    • 3.3.2.1 Saccharose
      • 3.3.2.1.1 Aniline
        • 3.3.2.1.1.1 Overview
        • 3.3.2.1.1.2 Applications
        • 3.3.2.1.1.3 Global production
      • 3.3.2.1.2 Fructose
        • 3.3.2.1.2.1 Overview
        • 3.3.2.1.2.2 Applications
        • 3.3.2.1.2.3 Global production
        • 3.3.2.1.2.4 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)
          • 3.3.2.1.2.4.1 Overview
          • 3.3.2.1.2.4.2 Applications
          • 3.3.2.1.2.4.3 Global production
        • 3.3.2.1.2.5 5-Chloromethylfurfural (5-CMF)
          • 3.3.2.1.2.5.1 Overview
          • 3.3.2.1.2.5.2 Applications
          • 3.3.2.1.2.5.3 Global production
        • 3.3.2.1.2.6 Levulinic Acid
          • 3.3.2.1.2.6.1 Overview
          • 3.3.2.1.2.6.2 Applications
          • 3.3.2.1.2.6.3 Global production
        • 3.3.2.1.2.7 FDME
          • 3.3.2.1.2.7.1 Overview
          • 3.3.2.1.2.7.2 Applications
          • 3.3.2.1.2.7.3 Global production
        • 3.3.2.1.2.8 2,5-FDCA
          • 3.3.2.1.2.8.1 Overview
          • 3.3.2.1.2.8.2 Applications
          • 3.3.2.1.2.8.3 Global production
  • 3.3.3 LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS
    • 3.3.3.1 Levoglucosenone
      • 3.3.3.1.1 Overview
      • 3.3.3.1.2 Applications
      • 3.3.3.1.3 Global production
    • 3.3.3.2 Hemicellulose
      • 3.3.3.2.1 Overview
      • 3.3.3.2.2 Biochemicals from hemicellulose
      • 3.3.3.2.3 Global production
      • 3.3.3.2.4 Furfural
        • 3.3.3.2.4.1 Overview
        • 3.3.3.2.4.2 Applications
        • 3.3.3.2.4.3 Global production
        • 3.3.3.2.4.4 Furfuyl alcohol
          • 3.3.3.2.4.4.1 Overview
          • 3.3.3.2.4.4.2 Applications
          • 3.3.3.2.4.4.3 Global production
    • 3.3.3.3 Lignin
  • 3.3.4 PLANT OILS
    • 3.3.4.1 Overview
    • 3.3.4.2 Glycerol
      • 3.3.4.2.1 Overview
      • 3.3.4.2.2 Applications
      • 3.3.4.2.3 Global production
      • 3.3.4.2.4 MPG
        • 3.3.4.2.4.1 Overview
        • 3.3.4.2.4.2 Applications
        • 3.3.4.2.4.3 Global production
        • 3.3.4.2.5 ECH
          • 3.3.4.2.5.1 Overview
          • 3.3.4.2.5.2 Applications
          • 3.3.4.2.5.3 Global production
    • 3.3.4.3 Fatty acids
      • 3.3.4.3.1 Overview
      • 3.3.4.3.2 Applications
      • 3.3.4.3.3 Global production
    • 3.3.4.4 Castor oil
      • 3.3.4.4.1 Overview
      • 3.3.4.4.2 Sebacic acid
        • 3.3.4.4.2.1 Overview
        • 3.3.4.4.2.2 Applications
        • 3.3.4.4.2.3 Global production
      • 3.3.4.4.3 11-Aminoundecanoic acid (11-AA)
        • 3.3.4.4.3.1 Overview
        • 3.3.4.4.3.2 Applications
        • 3.3.4.4.3.3 Global production
    • 3.3.4.5 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
      • 3.3.4.5.1 Overview
      • 3.3.4.5.2 Applications
      • 3.3.4.5.3 Global production
    • 3.3.4.6 Pentamethylene diisocyanate
      • 3.3.4.6.1 Overview
      • 3.3.4.6.2 Applications
      • 3.3.4.6.3 Global production
  • 3.3.5 NON-EDIBIBLE MILK
    • 3.3.5.1 Casein
      • 3.3.5.1.1 Overview
      • 3.3.5.1.2 Applications
      • 3.3.5.1.3 Global production
  • 3.3.6 BIO-BASED NAPHTHA
    • 3.3.6.1 Overview
    • 3.3.6.2 Applications
    • 3.3.6.3 Global Production
• 3.4 WASTE
  • 3.4.1 Food waste
    • 3.4.1.1 Overview
    • 3.4.1.2 Products and applications
    • 3.4.1.3 Global production
  • 3.4.2 Agricultural waste
    • 3.4.2.1 Overview
    • 3.4.2.2 Products and applications
    • 3.4.2.3 Global production
  • 3.4.3 Forestry waste
    • 3.4.3.1 Overview
    • 3.4.3.2 Products and applications
    • 3.4.3.3 Global production
  • 3.4.4 Aquaculture/fishing waste
    • 3.4.4.1 Overview
    • 3.4.4.2 Products and applications
    • 3.4.4.3 Global production
  • 3.4.5 Municipal solid waste
    • 3.4.5.1 Overview
    • 3.4.5.2 Products and applications
    • 3.4.5.3 Global production
  • 3.4.6 Industrial waste
    • 3.4.6.1 Overview
    • 3.4.6.2 Waste oils
    • 3.4.6.3 Overview
    • 3.4.6.4 Products and applications
    • 3.4.6.5 Global production
• 3.5 MICROBIAL & MINERAL SOURCES
  • 3.5.1 Microalgae
    • 3.5.1.1 Overview
    • 3.5.1.2 Products and applications
    • 3.5.1.3 Global production
  • 3.5.2 Macroalgae
  • 3.5.2.1 Overview
  • 3.5.2.2 Products and applications
  • 3.5.2.3 Global production
  • 3.5.3 Mineral sources
  • 3.5.3.1 Overview
  • 3.5.3.2 Products and applications
  • 3.6 GASEOUS
  • 3.6.1 Biogas
  • 3.6.1.1 Overview
  • 3.6.1.2 Products and applications
  • 3.6.1.3 Global production
  • 3.6.2 Syngas
  • 3.6.2.1 Overview
  • 3.6.2.2 Products and applications
  • 3.6.2.3 Global production
  • 3.6.3 Off gases - fermentation CO2, CO
  • 3.6.3.1 Overview
  • 3.6.3.2 Products and applications

4 BIO-BASED POLYMERS

• 4.1 BIO-BASED OR RENEWABLE PLASTICS
  • 4.1.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics
  • 4.1.2 Novel bio-based plastics
• 4.2 BIODEGRADABLE AND COMPOSTABLE PLASTICS
  • 4.2.1 Biodegradability
  • 4.2.2 Compostability
• 4.3 TYPES
  • 4.4 KEY MARKET PLAYERS
  • 4.5 SYNTHETIC BIO-BASED POLYMERS
    • 4.5.1 Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclic and linear
      • 4.5.1.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.1.2 Production
      • 4.5.1.3 Applications
      • 4.5.1.4 Producers
    • 4.5.2 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
      • 4.5.2.1 What is polylactic acid?
      • 4.5.2.2 Market analysis
      • 4.5.2.3 Applications
      • 4.5.2.4 Production
      • 4.5.2.5 Biomanufacturing of lactic acid (C3H6O3)
      • 4.5.2.6 Bacterial fermentation
        • 4.5.2.6.1 Lactic acid
        • 4.5.2.6.2 Selection of optimal bacterial strains
        • 4.5.2.6.3 Downstream processing of fermentation broth into PLA-grade lactic acid
      • 4.5.2.7 PLA hydrolysis
      • 4.5.2.8 Ocean degradation
      • 4.5.2.9 PLA end-of-life
      • 4.5.2.10 Producers and production capacities, current and planned
        • 4.5.2.10.1 Lactic acid producers and production capacities
        • 4.5.2.10.2 PLA producers and production capacities
        • 4.5.2.10.3 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.3 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)
      • 4.5.3.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.3.2 Bio-based MEG and PET
        • 4.5.3.2.1 Monomer production
        • 4.5.3.2.2 Applications
      • 4.5.3.3 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.3.4 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT)
      • 4.5.4.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.4.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.4.3 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.5 Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF)
      • 4.5.5.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.5.2 Comparative properties to PET
      • 4.5.5.3 Commercial status
      • 4.5.5.4 Producers and production capacities
        • 4.5.5.4.1 FDCA and PEF producers and production capacities
        • 4.5.5.4.2 Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
    • 4.5.6 Polyamides (Bio-PA)
      • 4.5.6.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.6.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.6.3 Polyamides (Bio-PA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.7 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT)
      • 4.5.7.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.7.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.7.3 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.8 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
      • 4.5.8.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.8.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.8.3 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.9 Polyethylene (Bio-PE)
      • 4.5.9.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.9.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.9.3 Polyethylene (Bio-PE) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
    • 4.5.10 Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
      • 4.5.10.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.10.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.10.3 Polypropylene (Bio-PP) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.11 Superabsorbent polymers
      • 4.5.11.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.11.2 Production
      • 4.5.11.3 Applications
      • 4.5.11.4 Producers
    • 4.5.12 Polytrimethylene Furandicarboxylate (PTF)
      • 4.5.12.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.12.2 Production
      • 4.5.12.3 Applications
      • 4.5.12.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.12.5 PTF Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.13 Bio-based Polybutylene Terephthalate (Bio-PBT)
      • 4.5.13.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.13.2 Production
      • 4.5.13.3 Applications
      • 4.5.13.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.13.5 Bio-PBT Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.14 Polyfurfuryl Alcohol (PFA)
      • 4.5.14.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.14.2 Production
      • 4.5.14.3 Applications
      • 4.5.14.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.14.5 PFA Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.15 Bio-based Polyvinyl Chloride (Bio-PVC)
      • 4.5.15.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.15.2 Production
      • 4.5.15.3 Applications
      • 4.5.15.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.15.5 Bio-PVC Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.16 Bio-based Polymethyl Methacrylate (Bio-PMMA)
      • 4.5.16.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.16.2 Production
      • 4.5.16.3 Applications
      • 4.5.16.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.16.5 Bio-PMMA Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.17 Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR)
      • 4.5.17.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.17.2 Production
      • 4.5.17.3 Applications
      • 4.5.17.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.17.5 Bio-SBR Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • 4.6 NATURAL BIO-BASED POLYMERS
    • 4.6.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
      • 4.6.1.1 Technology description
      • 4.6.1.2 Types
        • 4.6.1.2.1 PHB
        • 4.6.1.2.2 PHBV
      • 4.6.1.3 Synthesis and production processes
      • 4.6.1.4 Market analysis
      • 4.6.1.5 Commercially available PHAs
      • 4.6.1.6 Markets for PHAs
        • 4.6.1.6.1 Packaging
        • 4.6.1.6.2 Cosmetics
          • 4.6.1.6.2.1 PHA microspheres
        • 4.6.1.6.3 Medical
          • 4.6.1.6.3.1 Tissue engineering
          • 4.6.1.6.3.2 Drug delivery
        • 4.6.1.6.4 Agriculture
          • 4.6.1.6.4.1 Mulch film
          • 4.6.1.6.4.2 Grow bags
      • 4.6.1.7 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.6.1.8 PHA production capacities 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.6.2 Cellulose
      • 4.6.2.1 Cellulose acetate (CA)
        • 4.6.2.1.1 Market analysis
        • 4.6.2.1.2 Production
        • 4.6.2.1.3 Applications
        • 4.6.2.1.4 Producers
      • 4.6.2.2 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
        • 4.6.2.2.1 Market analysis
        • 4.6.2.2.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.6.2.3 Nanocellulose
      • 4.6.2.4 Casein polymers
      • 4.6.2.4.1 Market analysis
      • 4.6.2.5 Commercial status
        • 4.6.2.5.1 Production
        • 4.6.2.5.2 Applications
      • 4.6.2.6 Algal, Fungal and Mycelium-based Materials: Emerging Outlook
  • 4.7 NATURAL FIBERS
    • 4.7.1 Manufacturing method, matrix materials and applications of natural fibers
    • 4.7.2 Advantages of natural fibers
    • 4.7.3 Commercially available next-gen natural fiber products
    • 4.7.4 Market drivers for next-gen natural fibers
    • 4.7.5 Challenges
    • 4.7.6 Plants (cellulose, lignocellulose)
      • 4.7.6.1 Seed fibers
        • 4.7.6.1.1 Cotton
          • 4.7.6.1.1.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
        • 4.7.6.1.2 Kapok
          • 4.7.6.1.2.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
          • 4.7.6.1.3 Luffa
        • 4.7.6.2 Bast fibers
          • 4.7.6.2.1 Jute
          • 4.7.6.2.2 Production volumes 2018-2036
            • 4.7.6.2.2.1 Hemp
            • 4.7.6.2.2.2 Production volumes 2018-2036
          • 4.7.6.2.3 Flax
            • 4.7.6.2.3.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
          • 4.7.6.2.4 Ramie
            • 4.7.6.2.4.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
          • 4.7.6.2.5 Kenaf
            • 4.7.6.2.5.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
        • 4.7.6.3 Leaf fibers
          • 4.7.6.3.1 Sisal
            • 4.7.6.3.1.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
          • 4.7.6.3.2 Abaca
            • 4.7.6.3.2.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
        • 4.7.6.4 Fruit fibers
          • 4.7.6.4.1 Coir
            • 4.7.6.4.1.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
          • 4.7.6.4.2 Banana
            • 4.7.6.4.2.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
          • 4.7.6.4.3 Pineapple
        • 4.7.6.5 Stalk fibers from agricultural residues
          • 4.7.6.5.1 Rice fiber
          • 4.7.6.5.2 Corn
        • 4.7.6.6 Cane, grasses and reed
          • 4.7.6.6.1 Switch grass
          • 4.7.6.6.2 Sugarcane (agricultural residues)
          • 4.7.6.6.3 Bamboo
            • 4.7.6.6.3.1 Production volumes 2018-2036
          • 4.7.6.6.4 Fresh grass (green biorefinery)
    • 4.7.7 Animal (fibrous protein)
      • 4.7.7.1 Wool
        • 4.7.7.1.1 Alternative wool materials
        • 4.7.7.1.2 Producers
      • 4.7.7.2 Silk fiber
        • 4.7.7.2.1 Alternative silk materials
          • 4.7.7.2.1.1 Producers
      • 4.7.7.3 Leather
        • 4.7.7.3.1 Alternative leather materials
          • 4.7.7.3.1.1 Producers
      • 4.7.7.4 Fur
        • 4.7.7.4.1 Producers
      • 4.7.7.5 Down
        • 4.7.7.5.1 Alternative down materials
          • 4.7.7.5.1.1 Producers
    • 4.7.8 Markets for natural fibers
      • 4.7.8.1 Composites
      • 4.7.8.2 Applications
      • 4.7.8.3 Natural fiber injection moulding compounds
        • 4.7.8.3.1 Properties
        • 4.7.8.3.2 Applications
      • 4.7.8.4 Non-woven natural fiber mat composites
        • 4.7.8.4.1 Automotive
        • 4.7.8.4.2 Applications
      • 4.7.8.5 Aligned natural fiber-reinforced composites
      • 4.7.8.6 Natural fiber biobased polymer compounds
      • 4.7.8.7 Natural fiber biobased polymer non-woven mats
        • 4.7.8.7.1 Flax
        • 4.7.8.7.2 Kenaf
      • 4.7.8.8 Natural fiber thermoset bioresin composites
      • 4.7.8.9 Aerospace
        • 4.7.8.9.1 Market overview
      • 4.7.8.10 Automotive
        • 4.7.8.10.1 Market overview
        • 4.7.8.10.2 Applications of natural fibers
      • 4.7.8.11 Building/construction
        • 4.7.8.11.1 Market overview
        • 4.7.8.11.2 Applications of natural fibers
      • 4.7.8.12 Sports and leisure
        • 4.7.8.12.1 Market overview
      • 4.7.8.13 Textiles
        • 4.7.8.13.1 Market overview
        • 4.7.8.13.2 Consumer apparel
        • 4.7.8.13.3 Geotextiles
      • 4.7.8.14 Packaging
        • 4.7.8.14.1 Market overview
    • 4.7.9 Global production of natural fibers
  • 4.8 LIGNIN
    • 4.8.1 Lignin as a Bio-based Polymer Feedstock

5 MARKETS FOR BIOPLASTICS

• 5.1 Packaging (Flexible and Rigid)
  • 5.1.1 Processes for bioplastics in packaging
  • 5.1.2 Applications
  • 5.1.3 Flexible packaging
  • 5.1.3.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.1.4 Rigid packaging
    • 5.1.4.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.2 Consumer Goods
  • 5.2.1 Applications
  • 5.2.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.3 Automotive
  • 5.3.1 Applications
  • 5.3.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.4 Building and Construction
  • 5.4.1 Applications
  • 5.4.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.5 Textiles and Fibers
  • 5.5.1 Apparel
  • 5.5.2 Footwear
  • 5.5.3 Medical textiles
  • 5.5.4 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.6 Electronics
  • 5.6.1 Applications
  • 5.6.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.7 Agriculture and Horticulture
  • 5.7.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.8 Production of Biopolymers, by region
  • 5.8.1 North America
  • 5.8.2 Europe
  • 5.8.3 Asia-Pacific
  • 5.8.4 Latin America

6 COMPANY PROFILES 365 (595 company profiles)

7 APPENDIX

• 7.1 Research Methodology

8 REFERENCES