½ÃÀ庸°í¼­
»óǰÄÚµå
1375386

¼¼°èÀÇ OSAT(Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) ¼ºÀå ±âȸ

Global Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test Growth Opportunities

¹ßÇàÀÏ: | ¸®¼­Ä¡»ç: Frost & Sullivan | ÆäÀÌÁö Á¤º¸: ¿µ¹® 161 Pages | ¹è¼Û¾È³» : 1-2ÀÏ (¿µ¾÷ÀÏ ±âÁØ)

    
    
    



¡Ø º» »óǰÀº ¿µ¹® ÀÚ·á·Î Çѱ۰ú ¿µ¹® ¸ñÂ÷¿¡ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ¿µ¹®À» ¿ì¼±ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÑ °ËÅ並 À§ÇØ ¿µ¹® ¸ñÂ÷¸¦ Âü°íÇØÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

÷´Ü ÆÐŰ¡ÀÇ Ã¤Åà Ȯ´ë¿Í ºñ¿ë È¿°ú°¡ ¶Ù¾î³­ ATP ¼Ö·ç¼Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä±¸°¡ ¼ºÀå ¿øµ¿·Â

ÀÌ Á¶»ç¿¡¼­´Â ¼¼°èÀÇ OSAT(Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) ½ÃÀåÀ» ºÐ¼®Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. OSAT ½ÃÀåÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ÷´Ü ÆÐŰ¡ ±â¼úÀÇ Ã¤ÅÃÀÌ Áõ°¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è°æÀ¸·Î Å« ¼ºÀåÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù. OSAT´Â Á¶¸³, °Ë»ç, ÆÐŰ¡(ATP) ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Àü¹®À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼­µåÆÄƼ ÇÁ·Î¹ÙÀÌ´õ·Î, ÁýÀû µð¹ÙÀ̽º Á¦Á¶¾÷ü(IDM), ÆÄ¿îµå¸®, ÆÕ¸®½º Ĩ Á¦Á¶¾÷ü¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÷´Ü ÆÐŰ¡°ú ±âÁ¸Çü ÆÐŰ¡, °Ë»ç ¾çÃøÀÇ Àü¹® Áö½ÄÀ» Á¦°øÇϰí, ´ë·®»ý»ê ´É·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±Ô¸ðÀÇ °æÁ¦ÀÇ ÇýÅÃÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹é¿£µå Á¦Á¶ °øÁ¤À» OSAT¿¡ ¾Æ¿ô¼Ò½ÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Ĩ Á¦Á¶¾÷ü´Â Çٽɿª·®¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÅϾî¶ó¿îµå ŸÀÓÀÌ ´ÜÃàµÇ¾î ½ÃÀå ÅõÀÔ±îÁöÀÇ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ´ÜÃàµË´Ï´Ù.

Á¶»ç¿¡¼­´Â ÆÐŰ¡¡¤°Ë»ç ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â OSAT¿Í ÆÄ¿îµå¸®¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í, »ç³»¿¡ ÆÐŰ¡ ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø IDMÀº Á¦¿ÜÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. OSAT¿Í ÆÄ¿îµå¸®°¡ ATP ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ÅëÇØ âÃâÇÑ ¸ÅÃâ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀå ÃßÁ¤¡¤¿¹ÃøÀ» ÆÄ°í µé°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚ ¾÷°è¸¦ »ó¼¼ ºÐ¼®Çϰí ÷´Ü ÆÐŰ¡ ±â¼úÀ» ÅëÇØ Àüµ¿ ¸ðºô¸®Æ¼, 5G µµÀÔ, »ç¹°ÀÎÅͳÝ(IoT) µîÀÇ º¯ÇõÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Â µ¿ÇâÀ» ½ÇÇöÇϱâ À§ÇØ OSAT°¡ º¸À¯ÇÑ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¼³¸íÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾÷°è ÀçÆí°ú ÁöÁ¤ÇÐÀû ¿äÀÎÀÌ OSAT ½ÃÀå¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ °ËÁõÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Á¶»çÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¸ñÀûÀº ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ¼ºÀå ±âȸ¸¦ ½Äº°Çϰí, ½ÃÀå ¼ºÀåÀ» °¡¼Ó ¶Ç´Â ÀúÇØÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚ »ê¾÷, ÆÐŰ¡ ±â¼ú, »óÈ£ Á¢¼Ó À¯Çü, Áö¿ª¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ ½ÃÀå ºÎ¹®À» Á¶»çÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Á¶»ç¿¡´Â OSAT ¿¡ÄڽýºÅÛ ¾÷°è Àü¹®°¡ ¹× ÀÌÇØ°ü°èÀÚ¿ÍÀÇ µð½ºÄ¿¼ÇÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº °á°ú°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǸç, 2Â÷ Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¸¿ÏµÇ°í ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð ÃßÁ¤¡¤ 2027³â±îÁöÀÇ ¼ºÀå ¿¹ÃøÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÇÏÀ̶óÀÌÆ®·Î¼­ °¢ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¼ö¿ä ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀλçÀÌÆ® ¹× °¢ ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚ ºÎ¹®ÀÇ OSAT ±âȸ¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¾ÇÕÀû ºÐ¼®ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵ˴ϴÙ. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚº»ÁöÃâ µ¿Çâ, OSAT ½Ã¼³ÀÇ ºÐÆ÷, OSATÀÇ ¹ë·ùüÀο¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ Á¶»çÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °æÀï ºÐ¼®µµ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÁÖ¿ä ±â¾÷ÀÇ ½ÃÀå Á¡À¯À²À» Á¦°øÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¸ñÂ÷

Àü·«Àû Çʼö¿ä°Ç

  • ¿Ö ¼ºÀåÀÌ ¾î·Á¿öÁö°í Àִ°¡?
  • The Strategic Imperative 8(TM)
  • OSAT(Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) ¾÷°è¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¿ä Àü·«Àû Çʼö¿ä°ÇÀÇ ¿µÇâ
  • ¼ºÀå ±âȸ°¡ Growth Pipeline Engine(TM)À» ÃËÁø

¼ºÀå ±âȸ ºÐ¼®

  • ºÐ¼® ¹üÀ§
  • ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ÆÐŰ¡ ±â¼úÀÇ ºÐ·ù
  • OSAT ¹ë·ùüÀÎÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Âü¿© ±â¾÷
  • ¼¼ºÐÈ­, ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚº°
  • Ĩ·¿ÀÇ ºÎ»ó
  • WBG ¹ÝµµÃ¼ÀÇ ÆÐŰ¡ µ¿Çâ
  • ÇÏÀ̺긮µå º»µù
  • ÁÖ¿ä °æÀï»ç
  • ¼ºÀå ÁöÇ¥
  • ¼ºÀå ÃËÁø¿äÀÎ
  • ¼ºÀå ÃËÁø¿äÀÎ ºÐ¼®
  • ¼ºÀå ¾ïÁ¦¿äÀÎ
  • ¼ºÀå ¾ïÁ¦¿äÀÎ ºÐ¼®
  • ¿¹ÃøÀÇ ÀüÁ¦Á¶°Ç
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, ÆÐŰ¡ À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, »óÈ£ Á¢¼Ó À¯Çüº°
  • ÆÐŰ¡ »óÈ£ Á¢¼Ó ±â¼ú - ¼¼°èÀÇ OSAT, IDM, ÆÄ¿îµå¸® ½ÃÀå Á¡À¯À²
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, Áö¿ªº°
  • OSAT ½Ã¼³, Áö¿ªº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø ºÐ¼®
  • °¡°Ý µ¿Çâ°ú ¿¹Ãø ºÐ¼®
  • °æÀï ȯ°æ
  • ¸ÅÃâ Á¡À¯À²
  • ¸ÅÃâ Á¡À¯À² ºÐ¼®
  • OSAT »óȲ - Capex µ¿Çâ
  • OSAT »óȲ - »óÀ§ 25»ç Ç»¾î Ç÷¹ÀÌ OSATÀÇ ºÐ¼®
  • ¼¼°èÀÇ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ATMP ÅõÀÚ
  • ATMP ÅõÀÚ »óȲ, 2020-2023³â
  • OSATÀÇ ¼º°ø ·¹½ÃÇÇ
  • °æÀï ºÐ¼®
  • M&A ºÐ¼®

ÀεµÀÇ OSAT »óȲ°ú ±âȸ

  • ÀεµÀÇ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ »ê¾÷
  • ÀεµÀÇ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ Á¤Ã¥
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø - ÀεµÀÇ ATMP »óȲ
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø ºÐ¼® - ATMP ½ÃÀå
  • ÀεµÀÇ OSAT ±âȸ
  • ÀεµÀÇ ATMP »óȲ - ÇöÀçÀÇ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À
  • ÀεµÀÇ ATMP ´É·Â
  • Àεµ ATMP ºÎ¹®ÀÇ ¹ßÀü

OSAT¿¡¼­ AI

  • OSAT¿¡¼­ ½º¸¶Æ® Á¦Á¶ µµÀÔÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ±âµÕ
  • ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ÆÐŰ¡¡¤°Ë»ç¿¡¼­ÀÇ AI/ML
  • OSAT/ATMP »óȲ¿¡¼­ ±âÁ¸¡¤ÀáÀçÀû AI/ML ¼Ö·ç¼Ç
  • ATMPÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ AI/ML ¼Ö·ç¼Ç - ¿µÇ⠺м® ´ë½Ãº¸µå
  • ÄÉÀ̽º #1 : È¿À²ÀûÀÎ OSAT ¿î¿µÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿£µå Åõ ¿£µå ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼Ö·ç¼Ç
  • ÄÉÀ̽º #2 : PDF ¼Ö·ç¼Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Exensio OSAT

¼ºÀå ±âȸ ºÐ¼® - ¸ð¹ÙÀÏ¡¤CE(Consumer Electronics)

  • ¼ºÀå ÁöÇ¥
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, »óÈ£ Á¢¼Ó À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, ÆÐŰ¡ À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, Áö¿ªº°
  • ¿¹Ãø ºÐ¼®
  • 5G¿ë AiP
  • ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼¼´ë¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½º¸¶Æ®ÆùÀÇ RF FEM, ¾ÈÅ׳ª, ÆÐŰ¡ ±â¼úÀÇ ÁøÈ­
  • °æÀï ȯ°æ
  • ¸ÅÃâ Á¡À¯À²

¼ºÀå ±âȸ ºÐ¼® - Åë½Å¡¤ÀÎÇÁ¶ó

  • ¼ºÀå ÁöÇ¥
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, »óÈ£ Á¢¼Ó À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, ÆÐŰ¡ À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, Áö¿ªº°
  • ¿¹Ãø ºÐ¼®
  • ¼¼°èÀÇ 5G äÅà - 2021³â°ú 2025³â
  • °æÀï ȯ°æ
  • ¸ÅÃâ Á¡À¯À²

¼ºÀå ±âȸ ºÐ¼® - ÀÚµ¿Â÷¡¤¿î¼Û

  • ¼ºÀå ÁöÇ¥
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, »óÈ£ Á¢¼Ó À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, ÆÐŰ¡ À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, Áö¿ªº°
  • ¿¹Ãø ºÐ¼®
  • °æÀï ȯ°æ
  • ¸ÅÃâ Á¡À¯À²

¼ºÀå ±âȸ ºÐ¼® - ±âŸ

  • ¼ºÀå ÁöÇ¥
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, »óÈ£ Á¢¼Ó À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, ÆÐŰ¡ À¯Çüº°
  • ¸ÅÃâ ¿¹Ãø, Áö¿ªº°
  • ¿¹Ãø ºÐ¼®
  • °æÀï ȯ°æ
  • ¸ÅÃâ Á¡À¯À²

OSAT¿¡¼­ Áö¼Ó°¡´É¼º

  • Áö¼Ó°¡´É¼º°ú ¼øÈ¯°æÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¿¡ÄڽýºÅÛÀÇ 5´ë µ¿Çâ
  • ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¿¡ÄڽýºÅÛ°ú UN SDG¿ÍÀÇ Á¦È޴ Żź¼ÒÈ­·ÎÀÇ ±æÀ» ¿­±â À§ÇØ ÇʼöÀû
  • OSATÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Áö¼Ó°¡´É¼º ¿äÀÎ
  • UN SDG
  • Amkor Technology
  • ASE Technology

¼ºÀå ±âȸ À¯´Ï¹ö½º

  • ¼ºÀå ±âȸ 1 : HI¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¹ë¸®µ¥À̼ǰú °ËÁõ
  • ¼ºÀå ±âȸ 2 : ÀÌÀÍ·ü°ú È¿À² Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ Àδõ½ºÆ®¸® 4.0
  • ¼ºÀå ±âȸ 3 : Àü·«Àû ¾÷½ºÆ®¸²¡¤´Ù¿î½ºÆ®¸² ³ë·Â
  • ¼ºÀå ±âȸ 4 : ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ÆÐŰ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ 3D ÇÁ¸°ÆÃ
  • ¼ºÀå ±âȸ 5 : ¼îÅ©¿¡ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇϱâ À§ÇÑ µðÁöÅÐ Àüȯ
  • ¼ºÀå ±âȸ 6 : M&A

´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅÜ

KSA 23.11.15

Increasing Adoption of Advanced Packaging and the Need for Cost-effective ATP Solutions will Fuel Transformational Growth

This study analyzes the global outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) market, which is set to experience substantial growth driven by the increasing adoption of advanced packaging technology across various industries. OSATs are third-party providers that specialize in assembly, testing, and packaging (ATP) services and cater to integrated device manufacturers (IDMs), foundries, and fabless chip manufacturers. They offer expertise in both advanced and conventional packaging and testing, benefiting from economies of scale due to their high-volume manufacturing capabilities. By outsourcing backend manufacturing processes to OSATs, chip manufacturers can focus on their core competencies and experience faster turnaround times and reduced time-to-market.

This study focuses on pure-play OSATs and foundries offering packaging and testing services, excluding IDMs with in-house packaging capabilities. The research delves into market estimates and forecasts based on the revenue generated by OSATs and foundries through ATP services. The study analyzes end-user industries in detail, outlining the potential OSATs hold for enabling transformative trends like electric mobility, 5G deployments, and the Internet of Things (IoT) through advanced packaging technologies. Additionally, it examines the impact of industry consolidation and geopolitical factors on the OSAT market.

The primary goal of this study is to identify growth opportunities emerging from this space and assess factors that may accelerate or hinder market growth. It examines market segments based on end-user industries, packaging technology, interconnect type, and geography. The research includes findings from discussions with industry experts and stakeholders in the OSAT ecosystem, complemented by secondary research, to estimate market size and forecast growth up to 2027. Some of the key study highlights include insights into demand patterns across different regions and a comprehensive analysis of each end-user sector's OSAT opportunities. Additionally, the study examines the capital expenditure trend, the distribution of OSAT facilities, and the value chain of OSAT. The report also contains a competitive analysis, providing market shares for major players.

Table of Contents

Strategic Imperatives

  • Why is it Increasingly Difficult to Grow?
  • The Strategic Imperative 8™
  • The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) Industry
  • Growth Opportunities Fuel the Growth Pipeline Engine™

Growth Opportunity Analysis

  • Scope of Analysis
  • Classification of Semiconductor Packaging Technology
  • Key Participants in the OSAT Value Chain
  • Segmentation by End Users
  • The Rise of Chiplets
  • Packaging Trends in Wide-bandgap (WBG) Semiconductors
  • Hybrid Bonding
  • Key Competitors
  • Growth Metrics
  • Growth Drivers
  • Growth Driver Analysis
  • Growth Restraints
  • Growth Restraint Analysis
  • Forecast Assumptions
  • Revenue Forecast
  • Revenue Forecast by End User
  • Revenue Forecast by Packaging Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Interconnect Type
  • Packaging Interconnect Technologies-Global Market Share of OSATs, IDMs, and Foundries
  • Revenue Forecast by Region
  • OSAT Facilities by Region
  • Revenue Forecast Analysis
  • Pricing Trends and Forecast Analysis
  • Competitive Environment
  • Revenue Share
  • Revenue Share Analysis
  • OSAT Landscape-Capex Trend
  • OSAT Landscape-Analysis of Top 25 Pure-play OSATs
  • Notable ATMP Investments Globally
  • ATMP Investment Landscape, 2020-2023
  • OSATs' Recipe for Success
  • Analysis of Competition
  • M&A Analysis

Indian OSAT Landscape and Opportunities

  • Indian Semiconductor Industry
  • Indian Semiconductor Policy
  • Revenue Forecast-Indian ATMP Landscape
  • Revenue Forecast Analysis-ATMP Market
  • Indian OSAT Opportunities
  • Indian ATMP Landscape-Current Scenario
  • India ATMP Capabilities
  • Developments in the Indian ATMP Sector

AI in OSATs

  • Key Pillars for Implementation of Smart Manufacturing in OSATs
  • AI/ML in Semiconductors Packaging and Testing
  • Existing and Potential AI/ML Solutions for the OSATs/ATMP Landscape
  • Notable AI/ML Solutions for ATMP-Impact Analysis Dashboard
  • Case #1: End-to-End Software Solution for Efficient OSAT Operations
  • Case #2: Exensio OSAT by PDF Solutions

Growth Opportunity Analysis-Mobile & Consumer Electronics

  • Growth Metrics
  • Revenue Forecast
  • Revenue Forecast by Interconnect Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Packaging Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Region
  • Forecast Analysis
  • AiP for 5G
  • Evolution of RF FEM, Antenna, and Packaging Technology in Smartphones with Network Generations
  • Competitive Environment
  • Revenue Share

Growth Opportunity Analysis-Telecom & Infrastructure

  • Growth Metrics
  • Revenue Forecast
  • Revenue Forecast by Interconnect Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Packaging Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Region
  • Forecast Analysis
  • Global 5G Adoption-2021 and 2025
  • Competitive Environment
  • Revenue Share

Growth Opportunity Analysis-Automotive & Transportation

  • Growth Metrics
  • Revenue Forecast
  • Revenue Forecast by Interconnect Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Packaging Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Region
  • Forecast Analysis
  • Competitive Environment
  • Revenue Share

Growth Opportunity Analysis-Others

  • Growth Metrics
  • Revenue Forecast
  • Revenue Forecast by Interconnect Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Packaging Type
  • Revenue Forecast by Region
  • Forecast Analysis
  • Competitive Environment
  • Revenue Share

Sustainability in OSATs

  • Top 5 Trends in the Semiconductor Ecosystem for Sustainability and the Circular Economy
  • Semiconductor Ecosystem Alignment with UN SDGs Critical to Paving the Path to Decarbonization
  • Key Sustainability Factors for OSATs
  • UN SDGs
  • Amkor Technology
  • ASE Technology

Growth Opportunity Universe

  • Growth Opportunity 1: Validation and Verification for HI
  • Growth Opportunity 2: Industry 4.0 for Improving Margins and Efficiency
  • Growth Opportunity 3: Strategic Upstream and Downstream Efforts
  • Growth Opportunity 4: 3D Printing in Semiconductor Packaging
  • Growth Opportunity 5: Digital Transformation for Efficiently Tackling Shocks
  • Growth Opportunity 6: M&As

Next Steps

  • Your Next Steps
  • Why Frost, Why Now?
  • List of Exhibits
  • Legal Disclaimer
ºñ±³¸®½ºÆ®
0 °ÇÀÇ »óǰÀ» ¼±Åà Áß
»óǰ ºñ±³Çϱâ
Àüü»èÁ¦