유럽 무공해 배터리 전기 트럭 산업의 수명주기 CO2 배출량 평가

Efficient Battery Manufacturing Processes and Charging Time Demonstrate Potential Reductions in CO2 Emissions per Battery Electric Truck by Up to 30%

Electric truck adoption is increasing across geographies. An electric truck is a zero-emission vehicle during operation but while charging, the electricity is generated from sources that emit CO2. Similarly, energy-intensive manufacturing processes of Li-Ion batteries add to the CO2 emission trail of a BEV truck. In this research, Frost & Sullivan experts assess a BEV truck's total lifecycle CO2 emissions, starting from the mining and extraction of critical battery minerals to energy-intensive battery production processes to the electric vehicle operation within the United States, up until end-of-life recycling and recovery.

The scope of the study covers the complete lifecycle CO2 emission assessment for a battery electric truck operating in Western Europe across light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty truck segments. The results are compared with a diesel truck to gauge the total CO2 emissions of a diesel truck versus a BEV. The study covers vast subjects such as global resources of critical battery minerals, geopolitical challenges, and the electricity generation mix of countries in Western Europe where the truck is assumed to operate.

In conclusion, the results of the comparison of total lifecycle CO2 emissions put to rest questions on whether the battery electric vehicle emission trail is cleaner than that of a diesel truck. The total CO2 emissions in BEV trucks are lesser than that of diesel trucks across the lifecycle by more than 80%.

Table of Contents

Strategic Imperatives

• Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow?
• The Strategic Imperative 8™
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the European Zero-emission Vehicle (ZEV) Industry
• Growth Opportunities Fuel the Growth Pipeline Engine™

Growth Environment

• Life Cycle CO2 Emissions
• Scope of Analysis
• Growth Drivers
• Growth Restraints
• Methodology

CO2 Emission During Battery Manufacturing

• EV Li-ion Battery Manufacturing Process
• Major Steps Involved in EV Li-ion Battery Manufacturing
• Snapshot of Lithium Mining and Extraction
• Snapshot of Cobalt Mining and Extraction
• Snapshot of Nickel Mining and Extraction
• Snapshot of Graphite Mining and Extraction
• Snapshot of Refining and Upgrades
• Active Material Production and Cell Assembly: Process and Energy Demand
• Snapshot of Battery Gigafactories
• Snapshot of Coal-based Electricity Generation
• Primary Impact Factors
• Impact of CO2 Emissions on Battery Manufacturing Forecast
• CO2 Emissions in Battery Manufacturing Process

CO2 Emission During BEV Usage

• Use Case and Forecast Assumptions
• Germany: Electricity Generation by Source and CO2 Impact
• France: Electricity Generation by Source and CO2 Impact
• Spain: Electricity Generation by Source and CO2 Impact
• Germany: Electricity Generation Forecast Scenarios
• France: Electricity Generation Forecast Scenarios
• Spain: Electricity Generation Forecast Scenarios

LDT

• LDT: Operational Characteristics and User Cycle Overview
• LDT: Snapshot of Cycle A Charging
• LDT: Cycle A First Life CO2 Emissions
• LDT: Snapshot of Cycle D Charging
• LDT: Cycle D First Life CO2 Emissions
• LDT: Snapshot of Cycle H Charging
• LDT: Cycle H First Life CO2 Emissions
• LDT: Cycles A to H CO2 Emissions

MDT

• MDT: Operational Characteristics and User Cycle Overview
• MDT: Snapshot of Cycle A Charging
• MDT: Cycle A First Life CO2 Emissions
• MDT: Snapshot of Cycle D Charging
• MDT: Cycle D First Life CO2 Emissions
• MDT: Snapshot of Cycle H Charging
• MDT: Cycle H First Life CO2 Emissions
• MDT: Cycles A to H CO2 Emissions in First Life

HDT

• HDT: Operational Characteristics and User Cycle
• HDT: Snapshot of Cycle A Charging
• HDT: Cycle A First Life CO2 Emissions
• HDT: Snapshot of Cycle D Charging
• HDT: Cycle D First Life CO2 Emissions
• HDT: Snapshot of Cycle H Charging
• HDT: Cycle H First Life CO2 Emissions
• HDT: Cycles A to H Total CO2 Emissions in First Life

Conclusion

• Lifecycle CO2 Emissions Assessment, LDT: Diesel vs. BEV
• Lifecycle CO2 Emissions Assessment, LDT: Break-even Point
• Lifecycle CO2 Emissions Assessment, MDT: Diesel vs. BEV
• Lifecycle CO2 Emissions Assessment, MDT: Break-even Point
• Lifecycle CO2 Emissions Assessment, HDT: Diesel vs. BEV
• Lifecycle CO2 Emissions Assessment, HDT: Break-even Point

Growth Opportunity Universe

• Growth Opportunity 1: Tracking of CO2 Emissions
• Growth Opportunity 2: Design and Process Improvement
• Growth Opportunity 3: Vertical Integration and Partnerships

Next Steps

• Your Next Steps
• Why Frost, Why Now?
• List of Exhibits
• Legal Disclaimer