바이오테크놀러지 시장 분석 및 예측(-2035년) : 유형, 제품, 서비스, 기술, 구성 요소, 용도, 프로세스, 최종 사용자, 기능

The global Biotechnology Market is projected to grow from $1.5 trillion in 2025 to $4.3 trillion by 2035, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.0%. The biotechnology market is supported by increasing global research activity, expanding genomic initiatives, and growing adoption of biotechnology solutions across healthcare, agriculture, and industrial applications. According to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the cost of sequencing a human genome has declined dramatically, reaching below the $1,000 range, enabling broader adoption of genomic research, precision medicine, and biotechnology applications. Advancements in synthetic biology, bioinformatics, and molecular engineering are further accelerating innovation and market growth.

The Type segment of the Biotechnology Market includes red biotechnology, green biotechnology, white biotechnology, blue biotechnology, bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, synthetic biology, and others. Among these, red biotechnology holds a significant market share due to its extensive applications in healthcare, including biopharmaceutical production, gene therapies, vaccines, and advanced diagnostics. Synthetic biology, genomics, and bioinformatics are witnessing rapid growth due to advancements in molecular research, precision medicine, and data-driven biological analysis. Green and white biotechnology are also expanding with increasing adoption in sustainable agriculture, bio-based chemicals, industrial enzymes, and renewable solutions. Continuous innovation in biotechnology platforms is further accelerating the development of novel products and applications across industries.

The Application segment of the Biotechnology Market includes healthcare, agriculture, industrial processing, environmental biotechnology, food and beverage, biosecurity, marine biotechnology, biodefense, animal biotechnology, and others. Healthcare represents the leading application area due to rising demand for biologics, personalized medicine, regenerative therapies, and molecular diagnostics. Agriculture is gaining importance with the adoption of genetically modified crops, biopesticides, and improved breeding technologies to enhance productivity and sustainability. Industrial processing is expanding through the use of biotechnology for biofuels, enzymes, and bio-based materials. Environmental biotechnology, food biotechnology, and animal biotechnology are also witnessing growth due to increasing focus on sustainable solutions, food security, and improved biological processes.

Geographical Overview

North America held the largest share of the global biotechnology market in 2025, driven by its highly developed life sciences ecosystem, strong pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, and substantial investments in research and development. The region is home to leading biotechnology companies, research universities, and contract research organizations that are actively advancing biologics, gene and cell therapies, precision medicine, synthetic biology, and molecular diagnostics. Robust government funding, a favorable regulatory environment, and strong venture capital investment have accelerated innovation and commercialization of biotechnology products. Furthermore, increasing collaborations between biotechnology firms, pharmaceutical companies, and academic institutions continue to strengthen North America's leadership in the global biotechnology market.

Asia Pacific is expected to register the highest growth in the biotechnology market due to expanding biopharmaceutical manufacturing, increasing government support for biotechnology innovation, and rising investments in genomics, regenerative medicine, and precision healthcare. Countries such as China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore are strengthening their biotechnology capabilities through national research programs, improved laboratory infrastructure, and incentives for domestic biopharmaceutical production. Growing demand for biologics, biosimilars, vaccines, and advanced diagnostics, along with expanding clinical research activities and contract manufacturing services, is further driving market expansion. Moreover, increasing partnerships between global biotechnology companies and regional research institutions, coupled with a large patient population and improving healthcare infrastructure, are expected to position Asia Pacific as the fastest-growing regional market during the forecast period.

Key Trends and Drivers

Increasing Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Biotechnologies:

The Biotechnology Market is witnessing a strong trend toward the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), synthetic biology, and multi-omics technologies to accelerate research and innovation. Biotechnology companies are increasingly using AI-driven platforms for drug discovery, protein engineering, biomarker identification, and optimization of biological processes. Advances in gene editing, cell engineering, and computational biology are enabling the development of next-generation therapeutics, including gene therapies, cell therapies, and personalized medicines. Additionally, the adoption of automation and digital technologies in biotechnology research and manufacturing is improving efficiency, reducing development timelines, and enhancing scalability across pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial biotechnology applications.

Growing Demand for Advanced Therapeutics and Personalized Medicine:

The increasing demand for innovative therapeutics, including biologics, cell and gene therapies, and precision medicines, is a major driver of the Biotechnology Market. Rising incidences of cancer, genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and chronic conditions are increasing the need for targeted and effective treatment solutions. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are expanding investments in research and development to discover novel therapies and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, advancements in molecular biology, genomics, and regenerative medicine are supporting the development of breakthrough treatments. Growing healthcare investments, government funding for biotechnology research, and expansion of biopharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities are further accelerating market growth globally.

Research Scope

• Estimates and forecasts the overall market size across type, application, and region.
• Provides detailed information and key takeaways on qualitative and quantitative trends, dynamics, business framework, competitive landscape, and company profiling.
• Identifies factors influencing market growth and challenges, opportunities, drivers, and restraints.
• Identifies factors that could limit company participation in international markets to help calibrate market share expectations and growth rates.
• Evaluates key development strategies like acquisitions, product launches, mergers, collaborations, business expansions, agreements, partnerships, and R&D activities.
• Analyzes smaller market segments strategically, focusing on their potential, growth patterns, and impact on the overall market.
• Outlines the competitive landscape, assessing business and corporate strategies to monitor and dissect competitive advancements.

Our research scope provides comprehensive market data, insights, and analysis across a variety of critical areas. We cover Local Market Analysis, assessing consumer demographics, purchasing behaviors, and market size within specific regions to identify growth opportunities. Our Local Competition Review offers a detailed evaluation of competitors, including their strengths, weaknesses, and market positioning. We also conduct Local Regulatory Reviews to ensure businesses comply with relevant laws and regulations. Industry Analysis provides an in-depth look at market dynamics, key players, and trends. Additionally, we offer Cross-Segmental Analysis to identify synergies between different market segments, as well as Production-Consumption and Demand-Supply Analysis to optimize supply chain efficiency. Our Import-Export Analysis helps businesses navigate global trade environments by evaluating trade flows and policies. These insights empower clients to make informed strategic decisions, mitigate risks, and capitalize on market opportunities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Executive Summary

• 1.1 Market Size and Forecast
• 1.2 Market Overview
• 1.3 Market Snapshot
• 1.4 Regional Snapshot
• 1.5 Strategic Recommendations
• 1.6 Analyst Notes

2 Market Highlights

• 2.1 Key Market Highlights by Type
• 2.2 Key Market Highlights by Product
• 2.3 Key Market Highlights by Services
• 2.4 Key Market Highlights by Technology
• 2.5 Key Market Highlights by Application
• 2.6 Key Market Highlights by End User
• 2.7 Key Market Highlights by Process
• 2.8 Key Market Highlights by Component
• 2.9 Key Market Highlights by Functionality

3 Market Dynamics

• 3.1 Macroeconomic Analysis
• 3.2 Market Trends
• 3.3 Market Drivers
• 3.4 Market Opportunities
• 3.5 Market Restraints
• 3.6 CAGR Growth Analysis
• 3.7 Impact Analysis
• 3.8 Emerging Markets
• 3.9 Technology Roadmap
• 3.10 Strategic Frameworks
  • 3.10.1 PORTER's 5 Forces Model
  • 3.10.2 ANSOFF Matrix
  • 3.10.3 4P's Model
  • 3.10.4 PESTEL Analysis

4 Segment Analysis

• 4.1 Market Size & Forecast by Type (2020-2035)
  • 4.1.1 Red Biotechnology
  • 4.1.2 Green Biotechnology
  • 4.1.3 White Biotechnology
  • 4.1.4 Blue Biotechnology
  • 4.1.5 Bioinformatics
  • 4.1.6 Genomics
  • 4.1.7 Proteomics
  • 4.1.8 Metabolomics
  • 4.1.9 Synthetic Biology
  • 4.1.10 Others
• 4.2 Market Size & Forecast by Product (2020-2035)
  • 4.2.1 Biopharmaceuticals
  • 4.2.2 Bioinformatics Tools
  • 4.2.3 Biofuels
  • 4.2.4 Biopesticides
  • 4.2.5 Bioplastics
  • 4.2.6 Genetically Modified Crops
  • 4.2.7 Diagnostic Reagents
  • 4.2.8 Enzymes
  • 4.2.9 Cell Culture Systems
  • 4.2.10 Others
• 4.3 Market Size & Forecast by Services (2020-2035)
  • 4.3.1 Contract Research
  • 4.3.2 Contract Manufacturing
  • 4.3.3 Consulting Services
  • 4.3.4 Regulatory Compliance
  • 4.3.5 Clinical Trials
  • 4.3.6 Laboratory Services
  • 4.3.7 Biobanking
  • 4.3.8 Genetic Testing
  • 4.3.9 Bioprocessing
  • 4.3.10 Others
• 4.4 Market Size & Forecast by Technology (2020-2035)
  • 4.4.1 DNA Sequencing
  • 4.4.2 Nanobiotechnology
  • 4.4.3 Tissue Engineering
  • 4.4.4 Gene Editing
  • 4.4.5 Microarray Technology
  • 4.4.6 PCR Technology
  • 4.4.7 Chromatography
  • 4.4.8 Spectroscopy
  • 4.4.9 Bioreactors
  • 4.4.10 Others
• 4.5 Market Size & Forecast by Application (2020-2035)
  • 4.5.1 Healthcare
  • 4.5.2 Agriculture
  • 4.5.3 Industrial Processing
  • 4.5.4 Environmental Biotechnology
  • 4.5.5 Food and Beverage
  • 4.5.6 Biosecurity
  • 4.5.7 Marine Biotechnology
  • 4.5.8 Biodefense
  • 4.5.9 Animal Biotechnology
  • 4.5.10 Others
• 4.6 Market Size & Forecast by End User (2020-2035)
  • 4.6.1 Pharmaceutical Companies
  • 4.6.2 Biotechnology Companies
  • 4.6.3 Research Institutes
  • 4.6.4 Hospitals and Clinics
  • 4.6.5 Agricultural Sector
  • 4.6.6 Environmental Agencies
  • 4.6.7 Food and Beverage Industry
  • 4.6.8 Academic Institutions
  • 4.6.9 Government Organizations
  • 4.6.10 Others
• 4.7 Market Size & Forecast by Process (2020-2035)
  • 4.7.1 Upstream Processing
  • 4.7.2 Downstream Processing
  • 4.7.3 Fermentation
  • 4.7.4 Purification
  • 4.7.5 Formulation
  • 4.7.6 Scale-up
  • 4.7.7 Quality Control
  • 4.7.8 Bioprocess Optimization
  • 4.7.9 Bioprocess Monitoring
  • 4.7.10 Others
• 4.8 Market Size & Forecast by Component (2020-2035)
  • 4.8.1 Reagents
  • 4.8.2 Kits
  • 4.8.3 Instruments
  • 4.8.4 Software
  • 4.8.5 Consumables
  • 4.8.6 Biological Samples
  • 4.8.7 Cell Lines
  • 4.8.8 Vectors
  • 4.8.9 Antibodies
  • 4.8.10 Others
• 4.9 Market Size & Forecast by Functionality (2020-2035)
  • 4.9.1 Therapeutic
  • 4.9.2 Diagnostic
  • 4.9.3 Preventive
  • 4.9.4 Research
  • 4.9.5 Production
  • 4.9.6 Analytical
  • 4.9.7 Monitoring
  • 4.9.8 Control
  • 4.9.9 Optimization
  • 4.9.10 Others

5 Regional Analysis

• 5.1 Global Market Overview
• 5.2 North America Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.2.1 United States
    • 5.2.1.1 Type
    • 5.2.1.2 Product
    • 5.2.1.3 Services
    • 5.2.1.4 Technology
    • 5.2.1.5 Application
    • 5.2.1.6 End User
    • 5.2.1.7 Process
    • 5.2.1.8 Component
    • 5.2.1.9 Functionality
  • 5.2.2 Canada
    • 5.2.2.1 Type
    • 5.2.2.2 Product
    • 5.2.2.3 Services
    • 5.2.2.4 Technology
    • 5.2.2.5 Application
    • 5.2.2.6 End User
    • 5.2.2.7 Process
    • 5.2.2.8 Component
    • 5.2.2.9 Functionality
  • 5.2.3 Mexico
    • 5.2.3.1 Type
    • 5.2.3.2 Product
    • 5.2.3.3 Services
    • 5.2.3.4 Technology
    • 5.2.3.5 Application
    • 5.2.3.6 End User
    • 5.2.3.7 Process
    • 5.2.3.8 Component
    • 5.2.3.9 Functionality
• 5.3 Latin America Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.3.1 Brazil
    • 5.3.1.1 Type
    • 5.3.1.2 Product
    • 5.3.1.3 Services
    • 5.3.1.4 Technology
    • 5.3.1.5 Application
    • 5.3.1.6 End User
    • 5.3.1.7 Process
    • 5.3.1.8 Component
    • 5.3.1.9 Functionality
  • 5.3.2 Argentina
    • 5.3.2.1 Type
    • 5.3.2.2 Product
    • 5.3.2.3 Services
    • 5.3.2.4 Technology
    • 5.3.2.5 Application
    • 5.3.2.6 End User
    • 5.3.2.7 Process
    • 5.3.2.8 Component
    • 5.3.2.9 Functionality
  • 5.3.3 Rest of Latin America
    • 5.3.3.1 Type
    • 5.3.3.2 Product
    • 5.3.3.3 Services
    • 5.3.3.4 Technology
    • 5.3.3.5 Application
    • 5.3.3.6 End User
    • 5.3.3.7 Process
    • 5.3.3.8 Component
    • 5.3.3.9 Functionality
• 5.4 Asia-Pacific Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.4.1 China
    • 5.4.1.1 Type
    • 5.4.1.2 Product
    • 5.4.1.3 Services
    • 5.4.1.4 Technology
    • 5.4.1.5 Application
    • 5.4.1.6 End User
    • 5.4.1.7 Process
    • 5.4.1.8 Component
    • 5.4.1.9 Functionality
  • 5.4.2 India
    • 5.4.2.1 Type
    • 5.4.2.2 Product
    • 5.4.2.3 Services
    • 5.4.2.4 Technology
    • 5.4.2.5 Application
    • 5.4.2.6 End User
    • 5.4.2.7 Process
    • 5.4.2.8 Component
    • 5.4.2.9 Functionality
  • 5.4.3 South Korea
    • 5.4.3.1 Type
    • 5.4.3.2 Product
    • 5.4.3.3 Services
    • 5.4.3.4 Technology
    • 5.4.3.5 Application
    • 5.4.3.6 End User
    • 5.4.3.7 Process
    • 5.4.3.8 Component
    • 5.4.3.9 Functionality
  • 5.4.4 Japan
    • 5.4.4.1 Type
    • 5.4.4.2 Product
    • 5.4.4.3 Services
    • 5.4.4.4 Technology
    • 5.4.4.5 Application
    • 5.4.4.6 End User
    • 5.4.4.7 Process
    • 5.4.4.8 Component
    • 5.4.4.9 Functionality
  • 5.4.5 Australia
    • 5.4.5.1 Type
    • 5.4.5.2 Product
    • 5.4.5.3 Services
    • 5.4.5.4 Technology
    • 5.4.5.5 Application
    • 5.4.5.6 End User
    • 5.4.5.7 Process
    • 5.4.5.8 Component
    • 5.4.5.9 Functionality
  • 5.4.6 Taiwan
    • 5.4.6.1 Type
    • 5.4.6.2 Product
    • 5.4.6.3 Services
    • 5.4.6.4 Technology
    • 5.4.6.5 Application
    • 5.4.6.6 End User
    • 5.4.6.7 Process
    • 5.4.6.8 Component
    • 5.4.6.9 Functionality
  • 5.4.7 Rest of APAC
    • 5.4.7.1 Type
    • 5.4.7.2 Product
    • 5.4.7.3 Services
    • 5.4.7.4 Technology
    • 5.4.7.5 Application
    • 5.4.7.6 End User
    • 5.4.7.7 Process
    • 5.4.7.8 Component
    • 5.4.7.9 Functionality
• 5.5 Europe Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.5.1 Germany
    • 5.5.1.1 Type
    • 5.5.1.2 Product
    • 5.5.1.3 Services
    • 5.5.1.4 Technology
    • 5.5.1.5 Application
    • 5.5.1.6 End User
    • 5.5.1.7 Process
    • 5.5.1.8 Component
    • 5.5.1.9 Functionality
  • 5.5.2 France
    • 5.5.2.1 Type
    • 5.5.2.2 Product
    • 5.5.2.3 Services
    • 5.5.2.4 Technology
    • 5.5.2.5 Application
    • 5.5.2.6 End User
    • 5.5.2.7 Process
    • 5.5.2.8 Component
    • 5.5.2.9 Functionality
  • 5.5.3 United Kingdom
    • 5.5.3.1 Type
    • 5.5.3.2 Product
    • 5.5.3.3 Services
    • 5.5.3.4 Technology
    • 5.5.3.5 Application
    • 5.5.3.6 End User
    • 5.5.3.7 Process
    • 5.5.3.8 Component
    • 5.5.3.9 Functionality
  • 5.5.4 Spain
    • 5.5.4.1 Type
    • 5.5.4.2 Product
    • 5.5.4.3 Services
    • 5.5.4.4 Technology
    • 5.5.4.5 Application
    • 5.5.4.6 End User
    • 5.5.4.7 Process
    • 5.5.4.8 Component
    • 5.5.4.9 Functionality
  • 5.5.5 Italy
    • 5.5.5.1 Type
    • 5.5.5.2 Product
    • 5.5.5.3 Services
    • 5.5.5.4 Technology
    • 5.5.5.5 Application
    • 5.5.5.6 End User
    • 5.5.5.7 Process
    • 5.5.5.8 Component
    • 5.5.5.9 Functionality
  • 5.5.6 Rest of Europe
    • 5.5.6.1 Type
    • 5.5.6.2 Product
    • 5.5.6.3 Services
    • 5.5.6.4 Technology
    • 5.5.6.5 Application
    • 5.5.6.6 End User
    • 5.5.6.7 Process
    • 5.5.6.8 Component
    • 5.5.6.9 Functionality
• 5.6 Middle East & Africa Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.6.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 5.6.1.1 Type
    • 5.6.1.2 Product
    • 5.6.1.3 Services
    • 5.6.1.4 Technology
    • 5.6.1.5 Application
    • 5.6.1.6 End User
    • 5.6.1.7 Process
    • 5.6.1.8 Component
    • 5.6.1.9 Functionality
  • 5.6.2 United Arab Emirates
    • 5.6.2.1 Type
    • 5.6.2.2 Product
    • 5.6.2.3 Services
    • 5.6.2.4 Technology
    • 5.6.2.5 Application
    • 5.6.2.6 End User
    • 5.6.2.7 Process
    • 5.6.2.8 Component
    • 5.6.2.9 Functionality
  • 5.6.3 South Africa
    • 5.6.3.1 Type
    • 5.6.3.2 Product
    • 5.6.3.3 Services
    • 5.6.3.4 Technology
    • 5.6.3.5 Application
    • 5.6.3.6 End User
    • 5.6.3.7 Process
    • 5.6.3.8 Component
    • 5.6.3.9 Functionality
  • 5.6.4 Sub-Saharan Africa
    • 5.6.4.1 Type
    • 5.6.4.2 Product
    • 5.6.4.3 Services
    • 5.6.4.4 Technology
    • 5.6.4.5 Application
    • 5.6.4.6 End User
    • 5.6.4.7 Process
    • 5.6.4.8 Component
    • 5.6.4.9 Functionality
  • 5.6.5 Rest of MEA
    • 5.6.5.1 Type
    • 5.6.5.2 Product
    • 5.6.5.3 Services
    • 5.6.5.4 Technology
    • 5.6.5.5 Application
    • 5.6.5.6 End User
    • 5.6.5.7 Process
    • 5.6.5.8 Component
    • 5.6.5.9 Functionality

6 Market Strategy

• 6.1 Demand-Supply Gap Analysis
• 6.2 Trade & Logistics Constraints
• 6.3 Price-Cost-Margin Trends
• 6.4 Market Penetration
• 6.5 Consumer Analysis
• 6.6 Regulatory Snapshot

7 Competitive Intelligence

• 7.1 Market Positioning
• 7.2 Market Share
• 7.3 Competition Benchmarking
• 7.4 Top Company Strategies

8 Company Profiles

• 8.1 Roche
  • 8.1.1 Overview
  • 8.1.2 Product Summary
  • 8.1.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.1.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.2 Amgen
  • 8.2.1 Overview
  • 8.2.2 Product Summary
  • 8.2.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.2.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.3 Gilead Sciences
  • 8.3.1 Overview
  • 8.3.2 Product Summary
  • 8.3.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.3.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.4 Biogen
  • 8.4.1 Overview
  • 8.4.2 Product Summary
  • 8.4.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.4.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.5 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
  • 8.5.1 Overview
  • 8.5.2 Product Summary
  • 8.5.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.5.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.6 Vertex Pharmaceuticals
  • 8.6.1 Overview
  • 8.6.2 Product Summary
  • 8.6.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.6.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.7 Moderna
  • 8.7.1 Overview
  • 8.7.2 Product Summary
  • 8.7.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.7.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.8 Illumina
  • 8.8.1 Overview
  • 8.8.2 Product Summary
  • 8.8.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.8.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.9 BioNTech
  • 8.9.1 Overview
  • 8.9.2 Product Summary
  • 8.9.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.9.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.10 Genmab
  • 8.10.1 Overview
  • 8.10.2 Product Summary
  • 8.10.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.10.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.11 CRISPR Therapeutics
  • 8.11.1 Overview
  • 8.11.2 Product Summary
  • 8.11.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.11.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.12 Novavax
  • 8.12.1 Overview
  • 8.12.2 Product Summary
  • 8.12.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.12.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.13 Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
  • 8.13.1 Overview
  • 8.13.2 Product Summary
  • 8.13.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.13.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.14 Sarepta Therapeutics
  • 8.14.1 Overview
  • 8.14.2 Product Summary
  • 8.14.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.14.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.15 Incyte
  • 8.15.1 Overview
  • 8.15.2 Product Summary
  • 8.15.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.15.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.16 Seagen
  • 8.16.1 Overview
  • 8.16.2 Product Summary
  • 8.16.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.16.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.17 Ionis Pharmaceuticals
  • 8.17.1 Overview
  • 8.17.2 Product Summary
  • 8.17.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.17.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.18 Bluebird Bio
  • 8.18.1 Overview
  • 8.18.2 Product Summary
  • 8.18.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.18.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.19 Beam Therapeutics
  • 8.19.1 Overview
  • 8.19.2 Product Summary
  • 8.19.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.19.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.20 Editas Medicine
  • 8.20.1 Overview
  • 8.20.2 Product Summary
  • 8.20.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.20.4 SWOT Analysis

9 About Us

• 9.1 About Us
• 9.2 Research Methodology
• 9.3 Research Workflow
• 9.4 Consulting Services
• 9.5 Our Clients
• 9.6 Client Testimonials
• 9.7 Contact Us