½ÃÀ庸°í¼­
»óǰÄÚµå
1400586

EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð : ÃæÀü±â À¯Çüº°, ¼³Ä¡º°, ¿ëµµº°, ÃÖÁ¾ ¿ëµµº° ¿¹Ãø(2023-2032³â)

EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Market Size, By Charger Type, By Installation, By Application, By End-use, Forecast 2023 - 2032

¹ßÇàÀÏ: | ¸®¼­Ä¡»ç: Global Market Insights Inc. | ÆäÀÌÁö Á¤º¸: ¿µ¹® 200 Pages | ¹è¼Û¾È³» : 2-3ÀÏ (¿µ¾÷ÀÏ ±âÁØ)

    
    
    




¡Ø º» »óǰÀº ¿µ¹® ÀÚ·á·Î Çѱ۰ú ¿µ¹® ¸ñÂ÷¿¡ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ¿µ¹®À» ¿ì¼±ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÑ °ËÅ並 À§ÇØ ¿µ¹® ¸ñÂ÷¸¦ Âü°íÇØÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

¼¼°è EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ½ÃÀåÀº 2023³âºÎÅÍ 2032³â±îÁö 25.6%ÀÇ ¿¬Æò±Õ º¹ÇÕ ¼ºÀå·ü(CAGR)À» ³ªÅ¸³¾ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù.

¾÷°è ¸®´õµéÀÌ ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ¿© °¢ÀÚÀÇ Àü¹® Áö½Ä°ú ÀÚ¿øÀ» Ȱ¿ëÇϸé ÃæÀü ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ È®ÀåÀÌ °¡¼ÓÈ­µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 2023³â 7¿ù Çö´ëÀÚµ¿Â÷±×·ìÀÇ Ç÷£Æ® ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µ ¹× °Ç¼³ ºÎ¹®ÀÎ Çö´ë¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µ(ÁÖ)Àº Àü±âÂ÷(EV) ÃæÀü¼Ò À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¹× ¼­ºñ½º ºÎ¹®¿¡ ÁøÃâÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ¹àÈù ¹Ù ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼­¿ï °èµ¿ º»»ç¿¡ Àü±âÂ÷ ÃæÀü ¼­ºñ½º(EVC) ÅëÇÕ°üÁ¦¼¾Å͸¦ °³¼ÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±× ù°ÉÀ½ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çö´ë¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µÀº Àü±âÂ÷ ÃæÀü½Ã¼³ÀÇ °Ç¼³, ¼³Ä¡, ¿î¿µ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÎ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¼­ºñ½º Æ÷Æ®Æú¸®¿À¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÎ Á¢±ÙÀ» °­Á¶Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¦ÈÞ´Â ÀÎÇÁ¶ó °ÝÂ÷¸¦ ±Øº¹Çϰí Àü±âÂ÷ »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Á¢±Ù¼º°ú ½Å·Ú¼ºÀ» ³ôÀ̱â À§ÇÑ °øµ¿ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¦ÈÞÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀº Áö¼Ó °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðºô¸®Æ¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾÷°èÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» °­Á¶Çϸç, Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ̰í È¿À²ÀûÀÎ Àü±âÂ÷ ÃæÀü ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀåÀ» À¯µµÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

·¹º§ 1 ºÎ¹®Àº 2023³âºÎÅÍ 2032³â±îÁö Å« ¹ßÀüÀ» ÀÌ·ê °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÃæÀü±â´Â ÁְŠȯ°æ¿¡¼­ÀÇ È£È¯¼º°ú Á¢±Ù¼ºÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÏ¸ç ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÃæÀü ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀ» ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °¡Á¤¿¡¼­ ·¹º§ 1 ÃæÀü±â¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â ¼ÒºñÀÚ°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áö º¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ãß¼¼´Â Æí¸®ÇÏ°í ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÃæÀü ÀÎÇÁ¶ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å·Ú°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇϸç, Àü±âÂ÷ ÃæÀü ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ ¼±È£µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÃÀåÀÇ ´ëÀÀ·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.

EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð´Â 2023³âºÎÅÍ 2032³â±îÁö °í¼Óµµ·Î ÃæÀü¼Ò ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ µÎµå·¯Áø ¿¬Æò±Õ º¹ÇÕ ¼ºÀå·ü(CAGR)À» ³ªÅ¸³¾ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. Àå°Å¸® À̵¿°ú Æí¸®ÇÑ Á¢±Ù¿¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ÃæÀü¼Ò´Â ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä Áõ°¡¿¡ ¹ÚÂ÷¸¦ °¡Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àü±â ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ µµÀÔÀÌ ±ÞÁõÇÏ°í ½ÃÀå ¼ºÀå ÃËÁø¿äÀÎÀÌ °í¼Óµµ·Î ÃæÀü ÀÎÇÁ¶ó¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ ½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÌ ÁߴܵÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ½ÃÀåÀº ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±ÞÁõÀº ¿øÈ°ÇÑ ¿©Çà °æÇèÀ» À§ÇØ ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃæÀü ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀ» È®º¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÃÀåÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

À¯·´ÀÇ EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º »ê¾÷Àº 2023³âºÎÅÍ 2032³â±îÁö °ý¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ¿¬Æò±Õ º¹ÇÕ ¼ºÀå·ü(CAGR)À» ³ªÅ¸³¾ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. Áö¼Ó °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðºô¸®Æ¼¸¦ ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â ¼±ÁøÀûÀÎ Á¤ºÎ Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ EV ÃæÀü±âÀÇ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä°¡ Áõ°¡Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À¯·´ ´ë·úÀÇ Ä£È¯°æ ±³Åë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀº ÃæÀü ÀÎÇÁ¶óÀÇ ½Å·Ú¼º°ú Á¢±Ù¼º¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ¾î ½ÃÀåÀ» Ȱ¼ºÈ­½Ãų °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À¯·´ÀÌ º¸´Ù ģȯ°æÀûÀÎ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ÇâÇØ ³ª¾Æ°¡´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ÀÏ·ù EV ÃæÀü±â ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº À¯·´ ´ë·úÀÌ Àü±âÂ÷ »ýŰ踦 °­È­Çϱâ À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, BP Ventures´Â 2023³â 6¿ù, Àü±âÂ÷ ÃæÀü ÀÎÇÁ¶ó ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Àü¹®À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â º£¸¦¸°ÀÇ Service4Charger GmbH¿¡ 750¸¸ À¯·Î¸¦ ÅõÀÚÇß½À´Ï´Ù.

¸ñÂ÷

Á¦1Àå Á¶»ç ¹æ¹ý°ú Á¶»ç ¹üÀ§

Á¦2Àå ÁÖ¿ä ¿ä¾à

Á¦3Àå EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ¾÷°è ÀλçÀÌÆ®

  • »ýÅÂ°è ºÐ¼®
  • º¥´õ ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º
  • ÀÌÀÍ·ü ºÐ¼®
  • EVÃæÀü ÀÎÇÁ¶ó
  • ±â¼ú ¹× Çõ½Å Àü¸Á
  • ƯÇ㠺м®
  • ÁÖ¿ä ´º½º¿Í ÀÌ´Ï¼ÅÆ¼ºê
  • ±ÔÁ¦ »óȲ
  • ¿µÇâ¿äÀÎ
    • ¼ºÀå ÃËÁø¿äÀÎ
    • ¾÷°èÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû ¸®½ºÅ©£¦°úÁ¦
  • ¼ºÀå °¡´É¼º ºÐ¼®
  • Porter's Five Forces ºÐ¼®
  • PESTEL ºÐ¼®

Á¦4Àå °æÀï ±¸µµ

  • ¼­·Ð
  • ±â¾÷º° ½ÃÀå Á¡À¯À²
  • ÁÖ¿ä ½ÃÀå ±â¾÷ - °æÀï ºÐ¼®
    • ABB
    • ChargePoint, Inc.
    • EVA Global
    • Chargerhelp!
    • bp pulse
    • SEAM Group
    • BTC Power
  • °æÀï Æ÷Áö¼Å´× ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º
  • Àü·« Àü¸Á ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º

Á¦5Àå EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ½ÃÀå Ã߻ꡤ¿¹Ãø : ÃæÀü±â À¯Çüº°

  • ÁÖ¿ä µ¿Çâ : ÃæÀü±â À¯Çüº°
  • ·¹º§ 1
  • ·¹º§ 2
  • ·¹º§ 3

Á¦6Àå EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ½ÃÀå Ã߻ꡤ¿¹Ãø : ¼³Ä¡º°

  • ÁÖ¿ä µ¿Çâ : ¼³Ä¡º°
  • °ø°ø
  • ¹Î°£

Á¦7Àå EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ½ÃÀå Ã߻ꡤ¿¹Ãø : ¿ëµµº°

  • ÁÖ¿ä µ¿Çâ : ¿ëµµº°
  • »ó¿ë
    • ¸ñÀûÁö ÃæÀü¼Ò
    • °í¼Óµµ·Î ÃæÀü¼Ò
    • ¹ö½º¿ë ÃæÀü¼Ò
    • Çø´¿ë ÃæÀü¼Ò
  • ÁÖÅÿë

Á¦8Àå EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ½ÃÀå Ã߻ꡤ¿¹Ãø : ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚº°

  • ÁÖ¿ä µ¿Çâ : ¿ëµµº°
  • ¹°·ù
  • ¼Ò¸Å
  • ´ëÇÐ
  • »ó¾÷
  • ¿î¼Û
  • ºÎµ¿»ê
  • ±âŸ

Á¦9Àå EV ÃæÀü±â ¿î¿µ ¹× À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¼­ºñ½º ½ÃÀå Ã߻ꡤ¿¹Ãø : Áö¿ªº°

  • ÁÖ¿ä µ¿Çâ : Áö¿ªº°
  • ºÏ¹Ì
    • ¹Ì±¹
    • ij³ª´Ù
  • À¯·´
    • ¿µ±¹
    • µ¶ÀÏ
    • ÇÁ¶û½º
    • ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ
    • ½ºÆäÀÎ
    • ³×´ú¶õµå
    • ºÏÀ¯·´
  • ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÅÂÆò¾ç
    • Áß±¹
    • Àεµ
    • ÀϺ»
    • Çѱ¹
    • È£ÁÖ
    • µ¿³²¾Æ½Ã¾Æ
  • ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«
    • ºê¶óÁú
    • ¸ß½ÃÄÚ
    • ¾Æ¸£ÇîÆ¼³ª
  • Áßµ¿ ¹× ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«
    • ¾Æ¶ø¿¡¹Ì¸®Æ®(UAE)
    • ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°øÈ­±¹
    • »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ

Á¦10Àå ±â¾÷ °³¿ä

  • ABB
  • Allego B.V.
  • bp pulse
  • BTC Power
  • ChargePoint, Inc.
  • Chargerhelp!
  • Delta Electronics, Inc.
  • eFaraday
  • ENGIE Group
  • EVA Global
  • EVBox
  • Pearce Renewables
  • SEAM Group
  • Tesla, Inc.
  • Vital EV Solutions
LSH 24.01.05

Global EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Market will witness 25.6% CAGR between 2023 and 2032 due to major companies actively engaging in partnerships and collaborations to establish charging infrastructure. As industry leaders unite, leveraging their expertise and resources, the market witnesses an accelerated expansion of charging networks.

For instance, in July 2023, Hyundai Engineering Co., the plant engineering and construction arm of Hyundai Motor Group, revealed its ambitious venture into the maintenance and service sector for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. Launching an EV Charging Service (EVC) integrated control center at its Gye-dong headquarters in Seoul marks the initial step. Hyundai Engineering aims to offer a holistic suite of services beyond mere construction, installation, or operation of EV charging facilities, emphasizing a comprehensive approach to their service portfolio.

These collaborations signify a concerted effort to overcome infrastructure gaps, fostering accessibility and reliability for electric vehicle users. The rising trend of alliances underscores the industry's commitment to sustainable mobility, steering the market towards comprehensive and efficient EV charging solutions.

The overall EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Market share is classified based on charger type, application, and region.

Level 1 segment will undergo significant development from 2023 to 2032. These chargers, known for their compatibility and accessibility in residential settings, cater to users seeking basic charging solutions. As more consumers opt for Level 1 chargers at home, the market experiences a heightened demand for operation and maintenance services. This trend reflects a growing reliance on convenient and fundamental charging infrastructure, highlighting the market's responsiveness to diverse user preferences in the EV charging landscape.

EV charger operation & maintenance services market size from the highway charging stations segment will register a noteworthy CAGR from 2023 to 2032. These pivotal stations, essential for long-distance travel and convenient accessibility, fuel the increasing need for reliable operation and maintenance services. As electric vehicle adoption surges and drivers rely on highway charging infrastructure, the market responds with heightened demand for services ensuring the uninterrupted functionality of these crucial stations. This surge reflects the market's emphasis on ensuring dependable charging solutions for seamless travel experiences.

Europe EV charger operation & maintenance services industry will showcase a commendable CAGR from 2023 to 2032. With progressive government policies promoting sustainable mobility, the demand for efficient operation and maintenance services for EV chargers escalates. The continent's commitment to eco-friendly transportation fuels the market, emphasizing reliability and accessibility in charging infrastructure. As Europe advances towards a greener future, the growing need for top-notch EV charger services reflects the continent's dedication to bolstering a robust electric vehicle ecosystem. For instance, in June 2023, BP Ventures injected €7.5 million into Berlin's Service4Charger GmbH, a firm specializing in EV charging infrastructure services.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Methodology & Scope

  • 1.1 Market definitions
  • 1.2 Base estimates & calculations
  • 1.3 Forecast calculation
  • 1.4 Data sources
    • 1.4.1 Primary
    • 1.4.2 Secondary
      • 1.4.2.1 Paid sources
      • 1.4.2.2 Public sources

Chapter 2 Executive Summary

  • 2.1 EV charger operation & maintenance services market 360 degree synopsis, 2018 - 2032
  • 2.2 Regional trends
  • 2.3 Charger type trends
  • 2.4 Installation trends
  • 2.5 Application trends
  • 2.6 End-use trends

Chapter 3 EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Industry Insights

  • 3.1 Industry ecosystem analysis
  • 3.2 Vendor matrix
  • 3.3 Profit margin analysis
  • 3.4 EV Charging Infrastructure
  • 3.5 Technology & innovation landscape
  • 3.6 Patent analysis
  • 3.7 Key news and initiatives
  • 3.8 Regulatory landscape
  • 3.9 Impact forces
    • 3.9.1 Growth drivers
      • 3.9.1.1 Growth in the electric vehicle and charging infrastructure
      • 3.9.1.2 Demand for maintenance services for electric vehicle chargers
      • 3.9.1.3 Government support and initiatives
      • 3.9.1.4 Capital infusion in electric vehicle charging service providers
    • 3.9.2 Industry pitfalls & challenges
      • 3.9.2.1 Shortage of skilled workforce in advanced technology maintenance
  • 3.10 Growth potential analysis
  • 3.11 Porter's analysis
  • 3.12 PESTEL analysis

Chapter 4 Competitive Landscape, 2022

  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Company market share, 2022
  • 4.3 Competitive analysis of major market players, 2022
    • 4.3.1 ABB
    • 4.3.2 ChargePoint, Inc.
    • 4.3.3 EVA Global
    • 4.3.4 Chargerhelp!
    • 4.3.5 bp pulse
    • 4.3.6 SEAM Group
    • 4.3.7 BTC Power
  • 4.4 Competitive positioning matrix, 2022
  • 4.5 Strategic outlook matrix, 2022

Chapter 5 EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Market Estimates & Forecast, By Charger Type (Revenue)

  • 5.1 Key trends, by charger type
  • 5.2 Level 1
  • 5.3 Level 2
  • 5.4 Level 3

Chapter 6 EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Market Estimates & Forecast, By Installation (Revenue)

  • 6.1 Key trends, by installation
  • 6.2 Public
  • 6.3 Private

Chapter 7 EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Market Estimates & Forecast, By Application (Revenue)

  • 7.1 Key trends, by application
  • 7.2 Commercial
    • 7.2.1 Destination charging stations
    • 7.2.2 Highway charging stations
    • 7.2.3 Bus charging stations
    • 7.2.4 Fleet charging stations
  • 7.3 Residential

Chapter 8 EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Market Estimates & Forecast, By End-Use (Revenue)

  • 8.1 Key trends, by end-use
  • 8.2 Logistics
  • 8.3 Retail
  • 8.4 Universities
  • 8.5 Commercial
  • 8.6 Transport
  • 8.7 Real estate
  • 8.8 Others

Chapter 9 EV Charger Operation & Maintenance Services Market Estimates & Forecast, By Region (Revenue)

  • 9.1 Key trends, by region
  • 9.2 North America
    • 9.2.1 U.S.
    • 9.2.2 Canada
  • 9.3 Europe
    • 9.3.1 UK
    • 9.3.2 Germany
    • 9.3.3 France
    • 9.3.4 Italy
    • 9.3.5 Spain
    • 9.3.6 Netherlands
    • 9.3.7 Nordics
  • 9.4 Asia Pacific
    • 9.4.1 China
    • 9.4.2 India
    • 9.4.3 Japan
    • 9.4.4 South Korea
    • 9.4.5 Australia
    • 9.4.6 Southeast Asia
  • 9.5 Latin America
    • 9.5.1 Brazil
    • 9.5.2 Mexico
    • 9.5.3 Argentina
  • 9.6 MEA
    • 9.6.1 UAE
    • 9.6.2 South Africa
    • 9.6.3 Saudi Arabia

Chapter 10 Company Profiles

  • 10.1 ABB
  • 10.2 Allego B.V.
  • 10.3 bp pulse
  • 10.4 BTC Power
  • 10.5 ChargePoint, Inc.
  • 10.6 Chargerhelp!
  • 10.7 Delta Electronics, Inc.
  • 10.8 eFaraday
  • 10.9 ENGIE Group
  • 10.10 EVA Global
  • 10.11 EVBox
  • 10.12 Pearce Renewables
  • 10.13 SEAM Group
  • 10.14 Tesla, Inc.
  • 10.15 Vital EV Solutions
ºñ±³¸®½ºÆ®
0 °ÇÀÇ »óǰÀ» ¼±Åà Áß
»óǰ ºñ±³Çϱâ
Àüü»èÁ¦