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1761017

유전자 검사 시장

Genetic Testing
발행일: | 리서치사: Market Glass, Inc. (Formerly Global Industry Analysts, Inc.) | 페이지 정보: 영문 573 Pages | 배송안내 : 1-2일 (영업일 기준)

    
    
    



※ 본 상품은 영문 자료로 한글과 영문 목차에 불일치하는 내용이 있을 경우 영문을 우선합니다. 정확한 검토를 위해 영문 목차를 참고해주시기 바랍니다.

유전자 검사 세계 시장은 2030년까지 264억 달러에 달할 전망

2024년에 150억 달러로 추정되는 유전자 검사 세계 시장은 2024년부터 2030년까지 CAGR 9.9%로 성장하여 2030년에는 264억 달러에 달할 것으로 예측됩니다. 이 보고서에서 분석한 부문 중 하나인 암은 CAGR 9.7%를 기록하며 분석 기간 종료시에는 136억 달러에 달할 것으로 예측됩니다. 유전성 질환 부문의 성장률은 분석 기간 동안 CAGR 10.1%로 추정됩니다.

미국 시장은 60억 달러로 추정, 중국은 CAGR 11.9%로 성장 예측

미국의 유전자 검사 시장은 2024년에 60억 달러로 추정됩니다. 세계 2위 경제 대국인 중국은 2030년까지 19억 달러의 시장 규모에 달할 것으로 예측되며, 분석 기간인 2024-2030년 CAGR은 11.9%를 기록할 것으로 예상됩니다. 기타 주목할 만한 지역별 시장으로는 일본과 캐나다가 있고, 분석 기간 동안 CAGR은 각각 8.3%와 10.0%로 예측됩니다. 유럽에서는 독일이 CAGR 8.4%로 성장할 것으로 예측됩니다.

세계의 유전자 검사 시장 - 주요 동향과 촉진요인 정리

유전자 검사란 무엇이며, 헬스케어에 어떤 영향을 미칠까?

유전자 검사는 DNA 염기서열을 분석하여 유전자, 염색체, 단백질의 변화를 확인함으로써 유전자 질환의 존재 또는 발병 위험을 나타낼 수 있습니다. 이러한 종류의 검사는 암, 심혈관질환, 희귀 유전성 질환 등 다양한 질환의 조기 진단과 개별화된 치료 계획을 가능하게 하여 의료 분야에 혁명을 일으켰습니다. 특정 유전자 돌연변이를 확인함으로써 의료진은 환자 개개인에 맞는 치료를 할 수 있고, 치료 효과를 높이고 부작용을 줄일 수 있습니다. 유전자 검사는 또한 산전 검사, 보인자 검사, 특정 질병의 발병 위험 예측에 있어서도 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있습니다.

어떤 기술 발전이 유전자 검사를 형성하고 있는가?

유전자 검사 분야는 유전체 기술, 특히 차세대 염기서열 분석기(NGS)와 크리스퍼(CRISPR)의 발전으로 큰 영향을 받고 있으며, NGS는 이전보다 훨씬 적은 비용과 시간으로 전체 유전체를 빠르게 시퀀싱할 수 있게 해줍니다. 이 기술은 유전자 검사에 대한 접근성을 확대했을 뿐만 아니라 결과의 정확성과 신뢰성을 향상시켰습니다. 한편, 유전자 편집 기능으로 알려진 CRISPR 기술은 유전자의 결함이 질병으로 이어지기 전에 수정할 수 있는 가능성을 모색하고 있습니다. 또한, 바이오인포매틱스의 향상과 인공지능의 통합으로 대량의 유전자 데이터를 분석하고 해석하는 능력이 강화되어 보다 상세하고 실용적인 인사이트를 얻을 수 있게 되었습니다.

규제와 윤리적 고려가 유전자 검사 시장에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는가?

유전자 검사 시장은 규제와 윤리적 고려사항의 영향을 크게 받고 있습니다. 유전자 검사가 보편화됨에 따라 프라이버시, 동의, 유전자 정보에 대한 접근성 등의 문제로 인해 각국 정부는 엄격한 가이드라인과 규제를 마련하고 있습니다. 이러한 규제는 유전적 차별로부터 개인을 보호하고 유전 정보의 기밀성과 무결성을 보장하는 것을 목적으로 합니다. 또한, 유전자 검사가 어떻게 사용되는지, 예를 들어 산전 검사나 지연성 질환의 발병 가능성을 판단하는 데 사용되는지와 같은 윤리적 문제는 공공 정책을 형성하고 유전자 검사 서비스에 대한 소비자의 수용과 신뢰에 지속적으로 영향을 미치고 있습니다.

유전자 검사 시장의 성장 원동력은?

유전자 검사 시장의 성장은 유전 질환의 유병률 증가, 유전학의 기술 발전, 질병의 조기 발견 및 예방의 이점에 대한 인식 증가 등 여러 가지 요인에 의해 이루어지고 있습니다. 또한, 소비자 직접 판매 유전자 검사 키트의 확대도 시장 성장에 크게 기여하고 있으며, 더 많은 개인이 자신의 유전적 건강을 이해하기 위해 적극적인 조치를 취하고 있습니다. 또한, 의료 시스템은 맞춤형 의료를 점점 더 많이 채택하고 있으며, 맞춤형 치료 계획을 수립하기 위해 유전적 인사이트에 크게 의존하고 있습니다. 또한 정부 및 민간 단체의 지속적인 연구 개발 활동으로 유전자 검사의 새로운 용도가 속속 발견되고 있으며, 시장 영역이 더욱 넓어지고 있습니다.

부문

유형(출생전·신생아, 진단, 예지·전조, 캐리어, 약물유전체학, 기타 유형), 용도(암, 유전성 질환, 순환기질환, 기타 용도)

조사 대상 기업 사례(총 249개사)

  • Agilent Technologies, Inc.
  • Asuragen, Inc.
  • Biocartis NV
  • Agena Bioscience, Inc.
  • ARUP Laboratories
  • Bioiberica SAU
  • AutoGenomics, Inc.
  • Biodesix, Inc.
  • Admera Health
  • Annoroad Gene Technology
  • Berry Genomics Co., Ltd.
  • Ariel Precision Medicine, Inc.
  • AlphaBiolabs Ltd.
  • AnchorDx
  • Alexian Brothers of America, Inc.

AI 통합

Global Industry Analysts는 검증된 전문가 컨텐츠와 AI 툴을 통해 시장과 경쟁 정보를 혁신하고 있습니다.

Global Industry Analysts는 LLM 및 업계 고유의 SLM을 조회하는 일반적인 규범에 따르는 대신 비디오 기록, 블로그, 검색 엔진 조사, 방대한 양의 기업, 제품/서비스, 시장 데이터 등 세계 전문가로부터 수집한 컨텐츠 리포지토리를 구축했습니다.

관세 영향 계수

Global Industry Analysts는 본사의 국가, 제조거점, 수출입(완제품 및 OEM)을 기반으로 기업의 경쟁력 변화를 예측하고 있습니다. 이러한 복잡하고 다면적인 시장 역학은 매출원가(COGS) 증가, 수익성 감소, 공급망 재편 등 미시적 및 거시적 시장 역학 중에서도 특히 경쟁사들에게 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상됩니다.

목차

제1장 조사 방법

제2장 주요 요약

  • 시장 개요
  • 주요 기업
  • 시장 동향과 촉진요인
  • 부문 분석
  • 시장 동향과 성장 촉진요인
  • 세계 시장 전망

제3장 시장 분석

  • 미국
  • 캐나다
  • 일본
  • 중국
  • 유럽
  • 프랑스
  • 독일
  • 이탈리아
  • 영국
  • 기타 유럽
  • 아시아태평양
  • 기타 지역

제4장 경쟁

ksm 25.07.07

Global Genetic Testing Market to Reach US$26.4 Billion by 2030

The global market for Genetic Testing estimated at US$15.0 Billion in the year 2024, is expected to reach US$26.4 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 9.9% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Cancer, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 9.7% CAGR and reach US$13.6 Billion by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Genetic Disease segment is estimated at 10.1% CAGR over the analysis period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at US$6.0 Billion While China is Forecast to Grow at 11.9% CAGR

The Genetic Testing market in the U.S. is estimated at US$6.0 Billion in the year 2024. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$1.9 Billion by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 11.9% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of 8.3% and 10.0% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 8.4% CAGR.

Global Genetic Testing Market - Key Trends & Drivers Summarized

What Is Genetic Testing and How Does It Impact Healthcare?

Genetic testing involves analyzing DNA sequences to identify changes in genes, chromosomes, or proteins that could indicate the presence of or risk for developing genetic disorders. This type of testing has revolutionized the medical field by enabling early diagnosis and personalized treatment plans for a wide array of diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and rare genetic disorders. By identifying specific genetic mutations, healthcare providers can tailor treatments to individual patients, enhancing treatment efficacy and potentially reducing side effects. Genetic testing also plays a pivotal role in prenatal screening, carrier screening, and in predicting an individual’s risk of developing certain diseases.

What Technological Advancements Are Shaping Genetic Testing?

The field of genetic testing has been profoundly impacted by advancements in genomic technologies, particularly next-generation sequencing (NGS) and CRISPR. NGS allows for the rapid sequencing of entire genomes at a fraction of the cost and time previously required. This technology has not only expanded the accessibility of genetic testing but also improved the accuracy and reliability of the results. Meanwhile, CRISPR technology, known for its gene-editing capabilities, is being explored for its potential to correct genetic defects before they can lead to disease. Additionally, improvements in bioinformatics and the integration of artificial intelligence have enhanced the ability to analyze and interpret large sets of genetic data, providing more detailed and actionable insights.

How Are Regulatory and Ethical Considerations Influencing the Genetic Testing Market?

The genetic testing market is heavily influenced by regulatory and ethical considerations. As genetic testing becomes more commonplace, issues such as privacy, consent, and access to genetic information have prompted governments worldwide to establish strict guidelines and regulations. These regulations aim to protect individuals from genetic discrimination and ensure that genetic data is handled with confidentiality and integrity. Furthermore, ethical concerns regarding how genetic testing is used-for example, in prenatal screening or for determining the likelihood of developing late-onset diseases-continue to shape public policy and influence consumer acceptance and trust in genetic testing services.

What Drives the Growth in the Genetic Testing Market?

The growth in the genetic testing market is driven by several factors, including the increasing prevalence of genetic disorders, technological advancements in genetics, and a growing awareness of the benefits of early disease detection and prevention. The expansion of direct-to-consumer genetic testing kits has also significantly contributed to market growth, as more individuals take proactive steps towards understanding their genetic health. Additionally, healthcare systems are increasingly adopting personalized medicine practices, which rely heavily on genetic insights to craft individualized treatment plans. Moreover, ongoing research and development activities, supported by funding from governments and private entities, are continually uncovering new applications for genetic testing, further broadening the market's scope.

SCOPE OF STUDY:

The report analyzes the Genetic Testing market in terms of units by the following Segments, and Geographic Regions/Countries:

Segments:

Type (Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic, Other Types); Application (Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, Other Applications)

Geographic Regions/Countries:

World; USA; Canada; Japan; China; Europe; France; Germany; Italy; UK; Rest of Europe; Asia-Pacific; Rest of World.

Select Competitors (Total 249 Featured) -

  • Agilent Technologies, Inc.
  • Asuragen, Inc.
  • Biocartis NV
  • Agena Bioscience, Inc.
  • ARUP Laboratories
  • Bioiberica SAU
  • AutoGenomics, Inc.
  • Biodesix, Inc.
  • Admera Health
  • Annoroad Gene Technology
  • Berry Genomics Co., Ltd.
  • Ariel Precision Medicine, Inc.
  • AlphaBiolabs Ltd.
  • AnchorDx
  • Alexian Brothers of America, Inc.

AI INTEGRATIONS

We're transforming market and competitive intelligence with validated expert content and AI tools.

Instead of following the general norm of querying LLMs and Industry-specific SLMs, we built repositories of content curated from domain experts worldwide including video transcripts, blogs, search engines research, and massive amounts of enterprise, product/service, and market data.

TARIFF IMPACT FACTOR

Our new release incorporates impact of tariffs on geographical markets as we predict a shift in competitiveness of companies based on HQ country, manufacturing base, exports and imports (finished goods and OEM). This intricate and multifaceted market reality will impact competitors by increasing the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), reducing profitability, reconfiguring supply chains, amongst other micro and macro market dynamics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
    • Influencer Market Insights
    • Tariff Impact on Global Supply Chain Patterns
    • Genetic Testing - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2025 (E)
    • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2025 (E)
    • A Prelude to Genetic Testing
    • Top Ten Genetic Diseases Worldwide
    • Different Types of Genetic Tests include
    • Prenatal and Newborn Screening
    • Diagnostic Testing
    • Predictive & Presymptomatic Testing
    • Carrier Identification
    • Pharmacogenomic Testing
    • List of Genetic Disorders by Event, Genetic Manifestation and Prevalence
    • Genetic Testing Delivery Models
    • Genetic Sequencing Approaches
    • Expanding Applications to Drive Genetic Testing Market
    • Regional Landscape
    • Prenatal Testing Market to Rise
    • Market Outlook
    • Recent Market Activity
    • Innovations
  • 2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
  • 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
  • SEGMENT ANALYSIS
    • Prenatal Testing - Changing the World of Pregnancy Care
    • List of Available Prenatal Screening and Diagnostic Tests by Indication
    • Players in the Prenatal and New Born Genetic Testing Market
    • Conventional Invasive Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques - A Risky Affair
    • Emergence of Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis (NIPD)
    • Competition Intensifies in the NIPD Market
    • Select Commercially Available NIPD (Genetic) Tests for Aneuploidy in the US
    • Strain on Resources Prevent Wide Adoption of Expanded Carrier Sequencing
    • Predictive Diagnostics
    • Breast Cancer Gene Testing Market to Expand Strongly
    • Myriad Genetics - A Leader in Breast Cancer Testing
    • Discovery of Novel Biomarkers Crucial to Predictive Diagnostics
    • Pharmacogenomics Development Augurs Growth of Genetic Testing Market
  • MARKET TRENDS AND GROWTH DRIVERS
    • Genetic Testing Paves the Way for Personalized Medicine
    • TABLE 1: Drug Ineffectiveness for Select Therapeutic Categories - Necessitating Personalized Medic
    • Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) - A Giant Leap in Genome Sequencing
    • Biomarker Discovery Leads to Advanced Genetic Testing
    • Select List of Available Tumor Markers
    • Immense Popularity of Ancestry Testing
    • Increasing Focus on Data Churning
    • Genetic Testing to Explode into Provider Workflow with Intriguing Use Cases
    • Primary Factors Responsible for Waning Interest in Direct-to Consumer Genetic Testing
    • Liquid Biopsy to Facilitate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
    • Hybrid Labs to Bridge Gap Between Traditional and DTC Models
    • Rising Prevalence of Cancer and Chromosomal Disorders Augments Demand for Cell-Free DNA Testing
    • Emergence of Rapid DNA Testing
    • Oncology - A Key Focus Area for Genetic Testing
    • Global Cancer Incidence: Number of New Cancer Cases in Million for the Years 2018, 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040
    • Ageing Demographics to Drive Demand for Genetic Testing
    • Expanding Elderly Population Worldwide: Breakdown of Number of People Aged 65+ Years in Million by Geographic Region for the Years 2019 and 2030
  • 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
    • TABLE 1: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Prenatal & Newborn by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 2: World Historic Review for Prenatal & Newborn by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 3: World 16-Year Perspective for Prenatal & Newborn by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 4: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Diagnostic by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 5: World Historic Review for Diagnostic by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 6: World 16-Year Perspective for Diagnostic by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 7: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Predictive & Presymptomatic by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 8: World Historic Review for Predictive & Presymptomatic by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 9: World 16-Year Perspective for Predictive & Presymptomatic by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 10: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carrier by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 11: World Historic Review for Carrier by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 12: World 16-Year Perspective for Carrier by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 13: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Pharmacogenomic by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 14: World Historic Review for Pharmacogenomic by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 15: World 16-Year Perspective for Pharmacogenomic by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 16: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Types by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 17: World Historic Review for Other Types by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 18: World 16-Year Perspective for Other Types by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 19: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Cancer by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 20: World Historic Review for Cancer by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 21: World 16-Year Perspective for Cancer by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 22: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Disease by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 23: World Historic Review for Genetic Disease by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 24: World 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Disease by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 25: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Cardiovascular Disease by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 26: World Historic Review for Cardiovascular Disease by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 27: World 16-Year Perspective for Cardiovascular Disease by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 28: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 29: World Historic Review for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 30: World 16-Year Perspective for Other Applications by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 31: World Genetic Testing Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2030
    • TABLE 32: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 33: World Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 34: World 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

  • UNITED STATES
    • Genetic Testing Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2025 (E)
    • Use of Genomic Data in Clinical Settings to Gather Pace
    • The United States: Leading Market for Genetic Testing Globally
    • Predictive Screening: Another Growth Area
    • Growing Relevance of Personalized Medicine Augurs Well
    • Rising Incidence of Cancer in the US: Driver for Cancer Genetic Testing
    • Newborn Testing Gains Ground
    • Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis Gives Way to Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing
    • Coverage of NIPT in Average Risk Pregnancies Expands Target Market
    • Direct-to-Consumer Testing: A Growing Market
    • Favorable Reimbursement Policies
    • Favorable Insurance Coverage for Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Testing
    • Demographic Changes Offer Growth Opportunities
    • TABLE 14: North American Aging Population by Age Group: 1975-2050
    • Skepticism Limits Widespread Adoption of Genetic Testing
    • Competitive Overview
    • Myriad Eyes Diversification and Expansion for Growth
    • Natera Holds Fort in the NIPT Market
    • Invitae Banks on Low Cost Solutions for Expanding Revenues
    • Regulatory Environment
    • Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act Boosts Genetic Testing
    • Stricter Regulations for DTC Genetic Testing
    • FDA Attempts to Put a Leash around Unapproved DTC Genetic Tests
    • Select Genetic Test Reimbursement Codes
    • Market Analytics
    • TABLE 35: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 36: USA Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 37: USA 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 38: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 39: USA Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 40: USA 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • CANADA
    • Rising Incidence of Chronic Diseases Spurs Genetic Testing Demand
    • Regulatory Scenario
    • Market Analytics
    • TABLE 41: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 42: Canada Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 43: Canada 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 44: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 45: Canada Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 46: Canada 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • JAPAN
    • Genetic Testing Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2025 (E)
    • Demographics Drive Market Growth
    • DTC Genetic Testing Regulatory Scenario
    • TABLE 47: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 48: Japan Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 49: Japan 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 50: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 51: Japan Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 52: Japan 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • CHINA
    • Genetic Testing Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2025 (E)
    • Market Overview
    • China Attracts Domestic and Foreign Players
    • Strong Focus on Genomics
    • Genetic Testing to Reveal Real Talent in Children - A New Popular Application
    • China to Take Lead in Rapidly Growing Asian Genomics Market
    • Market Analytics
    • TABLE 53: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 54: China Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 55: China 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 56: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 57: China Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 58: China 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • EUROPE
    • Genetic Testing Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2025 (E)
    • European Personalized Medicine Market to Exhibit Robust Growth
    • Aging Population to Drive Demand for Genetic Testing
    • TABLE 28: European Population by Age Group (2016, 2030 & 2050): Percentage Share Breakdown by Age Group for 0-14, 15-64, and 65 & Above
    • Legislations/Regulatory Policies in Select European Countries
    • Legislations Governing Genetic Testing in Select European Countries
    • Rising Cancer Incidence Augurs Well for European Genetic Testing Market
    • TABLE 59: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 60: Europe Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 61: Europe 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 62: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 63: Europe Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 64: Europe 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 65: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 66: Europe Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 67: Europe 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • FRANCE
    • Genetic Testing Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 68: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 69: France Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 70: France 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 71: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 72: France Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 73: France 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • GERMANY
    • Genetic Testing Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2025 (E)
    • Parliamentary Regulations
    • TABLE 74: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 75: Germany Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 76: Germany 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 77: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 78: Germany Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 79: Germany 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • ITALY
    • TABLE 80: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 81: Italy Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 82: Italy 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 83: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 84: Italy Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 85: Italy 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED KINGDOM
    • Genetic Testing Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2025 (E)
    • Increased Support for Personalized Medicine to Drive Genetic Testing
    • SMIP for Pharmacogenomic Testing
    • Increasing Need for Less Risky Prenatal Diagnostic Methods in the UK
    • Principles for DTC Genetic Testing Laid out by HGC
    • TABLE 86: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 87: UK Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 88: UK 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 89: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 90: UK Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 91: UK 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF EUROPE
    • TABLE 92: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 93: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 94: Rest of Europe 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 95: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 96: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 97: Rest of Europe 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • ASIA-PACIFIC
    • Genetic Testing Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2025 (E)
    • Healthcare Spending in Asia-Pacific: On the Rise
    • India
    • Australia and New Zealand
    • Market Analytics
    • TABLE 98: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 99: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 100: Asia-Pacific 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 101: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 102: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 103: Asia-Pacific 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF WORLD
    • Predictive Screening: Another Growth Area
    • Market Analytics
    • TABLE 104: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 105: Rest of World Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Type - Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 106: Rest of World 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Prenatal & Newborn, Diagnostic, Predictive & Presymptomatic, Carrier, Pharmacogenomic and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 107: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 108: Rest of World Historic Review for Genetic Testing by Application - Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2014 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 109: Rest of World 16-Year Perspective for Genetic Testing by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cancer, Genetic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2025 & 2030

IV. COMPETITION

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