시장보고서
상품코드
1761020

세계의 개인 부양 장치 시장

Personal Flotation Devices

발행일: | 리서치사: Market Glass, Inc. (Formerly Global Industry Analysts, Inc.) | 페이지 정보: 영문 242 Pages | 배송안내 : 1-2일 (영업일 기준)

    
    
    



※ 본 상품은 영문 자료로 한글과 영문 목차에 불일치하는 내용이 있을 경우 영문을 우선합니다. 정확한 검토를 위해 영문 목차를 참고해주시기 바랍니다.

개인 부양 장치 세계 시장은 2030년까지 104억 달러에 달할 전망

2024년에 78억 달러로 추정되는 개인 부양 장치 세계 시장은 2024년부터 2030년까지 CAGR 4.9%로 성장하여 2030년에는 104억 달러에 달할 것으로 예측됩니다. 이 보고서에서 분석한 부문 중 하나인 오프쇼어 구명조끼는 CAGR 4.6%를 기록하며 분석 기간 종료시에는 39억 달러에 달할 것으로 예측됩니다. 근해용 부력조끼 분야의 성장률은 분석 기간 동안 CAGR 5.8%로 추정됩니다.

미국 시장은 21억 달러, 중국은 CAGR 7.8%로 성장 예측

미국의 개인 부양 장치 시장은 2024년에 21억 달러로 추정됩니다. 세계 2위 경제 대국인 중국은 2024년부터 2030년 분석 기간 동안 CAGR 7.8%로 성장하여 2030년까지 22억 달러의 시장 규모에 달할 것으로 예측됩니다. 기타 주목할 만한 지역별 시장으로는 일본과 캐나다가 있고, 분석 기간 동안 CAGR은 각각 2.7%와 4.0%로 예측됩니다. 유럽에서는 독일이 CAGR 3.4%로 성장할 것으로 예측됩니다.

세계의 개인 부양 장치 시장 - 주요 동향과 촉진요인 정리

개인 부양 장치란 무엇이며, 왜 중요한가?

일반적으로 구명조끼 또는 구명조끼로 알려진 개인 부양 장치(PFD)는 익사를 방지하기 위해 물에 뜨도록 설계된 중요한 안전 장치입니다. 보트, 낚시, 수영, 수상 스포츠 등 물가에서 활동하는 사람들에게 필수적인 장비로, 거친 바다를 위해 설계된 해양 구명조끼부터 잔잔한 내해에 적합한 경량 조끼에 이르기까지 다양한 종류의 PFD가 있으며, 각기 다른 활동과 환경에 적합합니다. PFD의 주요 기능은 부력을 제공하여 의식을 잃거나 수영을 할 수 없을 때 부력을 유지할 수 있도록 하는 것입니다. PFD는 착용자의 머리를 수면 위로 유지함으로써 익사 위험을 크게 감소시켜 물놀이 안전에 필수적인 요소입니다.

기술의 발전은 어떻게 개인 부양 장치를 개선하고 있는가?

기술의 발전은 개인용 부양 장비의 효과와 편안함을 지속적으로 향상시키고 있습니다. 재료 과학의 혁신은 안전성을 손상시키지 않으면서도 PFD의 착용감을 향상시키는 가볍고 내구성이 뛰어나며 부력이 좋은 소재의 개발로 이어졌습니다. 최신 PFD는 열악한 해양 환경에서도 마모와 찢어짐을 견딜 수 있는 첨단 발포 기술 및 고성능 원단이 내장되어 있는 경우가 많습니다. 또한, 물에 닿으면 수동 또는 자동으로 작동하는 팽창식 PFD는 기존의 폼 기반 조끼에 비해 편안함과 유연성이 뛰어납니다. 최근에는 GPS 감지기, 비상등, 호루라기 등의 안전 기능이 통합된 PFD도 출시되어 신속한 구조 가능성을 높이고 있습니다. 이러한 기술적 개선으로 PFD는 더욱 사용하기 쉬워졌으며, 보다 광범위한 보급과 일관된 사용을 촉진하고 있습니다.

다양한 분야에서 개인 부양 장치의 주요 용도는 무엇인가?

개인 부양 장치는 물의 안전성을 높이고 익사사고를 예방하기 위해 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있습니다. 해양 산업에서 PFD는 상업용 선박, 어선, 페리의 승무원과 승객에게 의무적으로 착용해야 합니다. 레크리에이션 보트 분야에서도 PFD는 중요한 역할을 하고 있으며, 모든 개인용 수상 오토바이에 PFD 착용이 의무화되어 있습니다. 스포츠 및 레크리에이션에서는 카약, 패들보드, 세일링 등의 선수들이 기동성과 편안함을 추구하는 특수 PFD를 사용합니다. 또한, PFD는 긴급 대응 시나리오에서도 필수적이며, 구조팀은 홍수 대피 및 수상 구조 시 PFD를 사용합니다. 다양한 환경과 활동에서 중요한 부력과 안전성을 제공하는 PFD의 다목적성은 전 세계 수상 안전 프로토콜에서 PFD의 중요성을 강조합니다.

개인 부양 장치 시장의 성장을 촉진하는 요인은 무엇인가?

개인 부양 장치 시장의 성장은 몇 가지 요인에 의해 주도되고 있습니다. 중요한 촉진요인 중 하나는 물 안전에 대한 인식이 높아지고 다양한 물 관련 활동에서 PFD 사용을 의무화하는 엄격한 규제가 시행되고 있다는 점입니다. 수상 스포츠와 레크리에이션 보트의 인기가 높아지면서 고품질의 편안한 PFD에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으며, PFD의 안전 기능과 편안함을 향상시키는 기술의 발전은 이러한 장치를 소비자에게 더욱 매력적으로 만들어 시장 성장을 더욱 촉진하고 있습니다. 또한, 해양 산업의 확대와 상업 및 산업 분야의 안전 조치 강화는 PFD에 대한 수요 증가에 기여하고 있습니다. 이러한 요인들은 지속적인 기술 혁신과 개인 안전에 대한 관심의 증가와 함께 개인 부양 장치 시장의 견고한 성장 궤도를 보장하고 있습니다.

부문

제품(오프쇼어 구명조끼, 니어쇼어 부력조끼, 부력 보조구, 기타 제품)

조사 대상 기업 사례(총 38개사)

  • Bernhardt Apparatebau GmbH u. Co.(SECUMAR)
  • Hansen Protection
  • International Safety Products
  • Johnson Outdoors Inc.
  • Kokatat
  • LALIZAS
  • Mustang Survival ULC
  • Survitec Group Limited
  • The Coleman Company Inc.
  • Viking Life-Saving Equipment A/S

AI 통합

Global Industry Analysts는 검증된 전문가 컨텐츠와 AI 툴을 통해 시장 정보와 경쟁 정보를 혁신하고 있습니다.

Global Industry Analysts는 일반적인 LLM 및 업계 고유의 SLM 쿼리를 따르는 대신 비디오 기록, 블로그, 검색 엔진 조사, 방대한 양의 기업, 제품/서비스, 시장 데이터 등 세계 전문가로부터 수집한 컨텐츠 리포지토리를 구축했습니다.

관세 영향 계수

Global Industry Analysts는 본사의 국가, 제조거점, 수출입(완제품 및 OEM)을 기반으로 기업의 경쟁력 변화를 예측하고 있습니다. 이러한 복잡하고 다면적인 시장 역학은 매출원가(COGS) 증가, 수익성 감소, 공급망 재편 등 미시적 및 거시적 시장 역학 중에서도 특히 경쟁사들에게 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상됩니다.

목차

제1장 조사 방법

제2장 주요 요약

  • 시장 개요
  • 주요 기업
  • 시장 동향과 촉진요인
  • 세계 시장 전망

제3장 시장 분석

  • 미국
  • 캐나다
  • 일본
  • 중국
  • 유럽
  • 프랑스
  • 독일
  • 이탈리아
  • 영국
  • 스페인
  • 러시아
  • 기타 유럽
  • 아시아태평양
  • 호주
  • 인도
  • 한국
  • 기타 아시아태평양
  • 라틴아메리카
  • 아르헨티나
  • 브라질
  • 멕시코
  • 기타 라틴아메리카
  • 중동
  • 이란
  • 이스라엘
  • 사우디아라비아
  • 아랍에미리트
  • 기타 중동
  • 아프리카

제4장 경쟁

ksm 25.07.07

Global Personal Flotation Devices Market to Reach US$10.4 Billion by 2030

The global market for Personal Flotation Devices estimated at US$7.8 Billion in the year 2024, is expected to reach US$10.4 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 4.9% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Offshore Life Jackets, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 4.6% CAGR and reach US$3.9 Billion by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Near-Shore Buoyant Vests segment is estimated at 5.8% CAGR over the analysis period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at US$2.1 Billion While China is Forecast to Grow at 7.8% CAGR

The Personal Flotation Devices market in the U.S. is estimated at US$2.1 Billion in the year 2024. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$2.2 Billion by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 7.8% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of 2.7% and 4.0% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 3.4% CAGR.

Global Personal Flotation Devices Market - Key Trends and Drivers Summarized

What Are Personal Flotation Devices and Why Are They Crucial?

Personal flotation devices (PFDs), commonly known as life jackets or life vests, are essential safety equipment designed to keep individuals afloat in water, thereby preventing drowning. These devices are crucial for anyone engaging in water activities, including boating, fishing, swimming, and water sports. PFDs come in various types, each suited for specific activities and environments, from offshore life jackets designed for rough seas to lightweight vests ideal for calm, inland waters. The primary function of a PFD is to provide buoyancy, helping individuals stay afloat even if they are unconscious or unable to swim. By keeping the wearer’s head above water, PFDs significantly reduce the risk of drowning, making them indispensable for water safety.

How Are Technological Advancements Improving Personal Flotation Devices?

Technological advancements are continuously enhancing the effectiveness and comfort of personal flotation devices. Innovations in materials science have led to the development of lightweight, durable, and buoyant materials that increase the wearability of PFDs without compromising safety. Modern PFDs often incorporate advanced foam technologies and high-performance fabrics that resist wear and tear, even in harsh marine environments. Additionally, inflatable PFDs, which can be manually or automatically activated upon contact with water, offer greater comfort and flexibility compared to traditional foam-based vests. Some PFDs are now equipped with integrated safety features such as GPS locators, emergency lights, and whistles, improving the chances of a quick rescue. These technological improvements are making PFDs more user-friendly, encouraging broader adoption and consistent use.

What Are the Key Applications of Personal Flotation Devices Across Different Sectors?

Personal flotation devices are used across various sectors to enhance water safety and prevent drowning. In the maritime industry, PFDs are mandatory for crew members and passengers on commercial vessels, fishing boats, and ferries. The recreational boating sector also relies heavily on PFDs, with regulations requiring their presence on all personal watercraft. In sports and recreation, athletes in activities such as kayaking, paddleboarding, and sailing depend on specialized PFDs designed for mobility and comfort. Additionally, PFDs are essential in emergency response scenarios, where rescue teams use them during flood evacuations and water-based rescues. The versatility of PFDs in providing critical buoyancy and safety across different environments and activities underscores their importance in water safety protocols worldwide.

What Factors Are Driving the Growth in the Personal Flotation Devices Market?

The growth in the personal flotation devices market is driven by several factors. One significant driver is the increasing awareness of water safety and the implementation of stringent regulations mandating the use of PFDs in various water-related activities. The rising popularity of water sports and recreational boating is also boosting the demand for high-quality, comfortable PFDs. Technological advancements that enhance the safety features and comfort of PFDs are further propelling market growth, making these devices more appealing to consumers. Additionally, the expansion of the maritime industry, along with increased safety measures in commercial and industrial sectors, is contributing to the rising demand for PFDs. These factors, coupled with continuous innovation and the growing emphasis on personal safety, are ensuring a robust growth trajectory for the personal flotation devices market.

SCOPE OF STUDY:

The report analyzes the Personal Flotation Devices market in terms of units by the following Segments, and Geographic Regions/Countries:

Segments:

Product (Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids, Other Products)

Geographic Regions/Countries:

World; United States; Canada; Japan; China; Europe (France; Germany; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Russia; and Rest of Europe); Asia-Pacific (Australia; India; South Korea; and Rest of Asia-Pacific); Latin America (Argentina; Brazil; Mexico; and Rest of Latin America); Middle East (Iran; Israel; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; and Rest of Middle East); and Africa.

Select Competitors (Total 38 Featured) -

  • Bernhardt Apparatebau GmbH u. Co. (SECUMAR)
  • Hansen Protection
  • International Safety Products
  • Johnson Outdoors Inc.
  • Kokatat
  • LALIZAS
  • Mustang Survival ULC
  • Survitec Group Limited
  • The Coleman Company Inc.
  • Viking Life-Saving Equipment A/S

AI INTEGRATIONS

We're transforming market and competitive intelligence with validated expert content and AI tools.

Instead of following the general norm of querying LLMs and Industry-specific SLMs, we built repositories of content curated from domain experts worldwide including video transcripts, blogs, search engines research, and massive amounts of enterprise, product/service, and market data.

TARIFF IMPACT FACTOR

Our new release incorporates impact of tariffs on geographical markets as we predict a shift in competitiveness of companies based on HQ country, manufacturing base, exports and imports (finished goods and OEM). This intricate and multifaceted market reality will impact competitors by increasing the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), reducing profitability, reconfiguring supply chains, amongst other micro and macro market dynamics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
    • Influencer Market Insights
    • Tariff Impact on Global Supply Chain Patterns
    • Personal Flotation Devices - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2025 (E)
    • Global Economic Update
    • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2025 (E)
  • 2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
  • 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
    • Rising Awareness About Water Safety Propels Growth in Personal Flotation Devices Market
    • Technological Advancements in Material Science Strengthen Business Case for High-Performance Devices
    • Increasing Participation in Water Sports and Recreational Activities Expands Market Opportunity
    • Growth in Maritime and Offshore Industries Drives Adoption of Flotation Devices
    • Stringent Safety Regulations and Standards Spur Demand for Certified Personal Flotation Devices
    • Expansion of Lifesaving and Rescue Operations Generates Market Opportunities
    • Growing Focus on Lightweight and Comfortable Designs Sustains Market Growth
    • Development of Smart Flotation Devices with Integrated GPS and Communication Tools Propel Market Growth
    • Increasing Focus on Children's Safety Accelerates Market Adoption
    • Growing Demand for Personal Flotation Devices in Commercial Fishing Industry Spurs Market Growth
    • Innovations in Inflatable and Compact Flotation Devices Expand Addressable Market
  • 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
    • TABLE 1: World Personal Flotation Devices Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2030
    • TABLE 2: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 3: World Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 4: World 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 5: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Offshore Life Jackets by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 6: World Historic Review for Offshore Life Jackets by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 7: World 15-Year Perspective for Offshore Life Jackets by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 8: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Near-Shore Buoyant Vests by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 9: World Historic Review for Near-Shore Buoyant Vests by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 10: World 15-Year Perspective for Near-Shore Buoyant Vests by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 11: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Flotation Aids by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 12: World Historic Review for Flotation Aids by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 13: World 15-Year Perspective for Flotation Aids by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 14: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Products by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 15: World Historic Review for Other Products by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 16: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Products by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

  • UNITED STATES
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 17: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 18: USA Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 19: USA 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • CANADA
    • TABLE 20: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 21: Canada Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 22: Canada 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • JAPAN
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 23: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 24: Japan Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 25: Japan 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • CHINA
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 26: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 27: China Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 28: China 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • EUROPE
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 29: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 30: Europe Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 31: Europe 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 32: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 33: Europe Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 34: Europe 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • FRANCE
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 35: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 36: France Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 37: France 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • GERMANY
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 38: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 39: Germany Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 40: Germany 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ITALY
    • TABLE 41: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 42: Italy Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 43: Italy 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED KINGDOM
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 44: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 45: UK Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 46: UK 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SPAIN
    • TABLE 47: Spain Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 48: Spain Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 49: Spain 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • RUSSIA
    • TABLE 50: Russia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 51: Russia Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 52: Russia 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF EUROPE
    • TABLE 53: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 54: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 55: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ASIA-PACIFIC
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 56: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 57: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 58: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 59: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 60: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 61: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • AUSTRALIA
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Australia for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 62: Australia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 63: Australia Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 64: Australia 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • INDIA
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in India for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 65: India Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 66: India Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 67: India 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SOUTH KOREA
    • TABLE 68: South Korea Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 69: South Korea Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 70: South Korea 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
    • TABLE 71: Rest of Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 72: Rest of Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 73: Rest of Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • LATIN AMERICA
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Latin America for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 74: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 75: Latin America Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 76: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 77: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 78: Latin America Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 79: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ARGENTINA
    • TABLE 80: Argentina Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 81: Argentina Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 82: Argentina 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • BRAZIL
    • TABLE 83: Brazil Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 84: Brazil Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 85: Brazil 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • MEXICO
    • TABLE 86: Mexico Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 87: Mexico Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 88: Mexico 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF LATIN AMERICA
    • TABLE 89: Rest of Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 90: Rest of Latin America Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 91: Rest of Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • MIDDLE EAST
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Middle East for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 92: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 93: Middle East Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 94: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 95: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 96: Middle East Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 97: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • IRAN
    • TABLE 98: Iran Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 99: Iran Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 100: Iran 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ISRAEL
    • TABLE 101: Israel Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 102: Israel Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 103: Israel 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SAUDI ARABIA
    • TABLE 104: Saudi Arabia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 105: Saudi Arabia Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 106: Saudi Arabia 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
    • TABLE 107: UAE Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 108: UAE Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 109: UAE 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF MIDDLE EAST
    • TABLE 110: Rest of Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 111: Rest of Middle East Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 112: Rest of Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • AFRICA
    • Personal Flotation Devices Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Africa for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 113: Africa Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 114: Africa Historic Review for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 115: Africa 15-Year Perspective for Personal Flotation Devices by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Offshore Life Jackets, Near-Shore Buoyant Vests, Flotation Aids and Other Products for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030

IV. COMPETITION

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