항균제 내성 진단 시장 규모, 점유율, 동향 분석 보고서 : 기술별, 병원체별, 최종 용도별, 지역별, 부문별 예측(2026-2033년)

Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market Summary

The global antimicrobial resistance diagnostics market size was estimated at USD 3.42 billion in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 4.68 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 4.08% from 2026 to 2033. The high prevalence of pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, MRSA, and C. difficile, along with the increasing number of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections, is significantly driving market expansion.

According to the CDC, approximately 2.8 million AMR cases occur annually in the U.S., and the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention reports that AMR leads to around 700,000 deaths globally each year. This number could potentially rise to 10 million by 2050 if proper diagnosis and treatment of microbial infections are not implemented.

The rise in regulatory approvals for advanced and accurate diagnostic solutions is expected to meet the growing demand in the market. For example, in October 2021, Hologic, Inc. launched the fully automated Novodiag molecular diagnostic system from Mobidiag Oy in Europe. This system, which integrates microarray and real-time PCR technology, enables on-demand testing for antimicrobial resistance and infectious diseases, identifying multiple pathogens from a single sample. Additionally, in the same month, OpGen, Inc. received 510(k) clearance from the U.S. FDA to market its Acuitas AMR Gene Panel. This panel tests for 28 genetic antimicrobial resistance markers across various pathogens, aiding healthcare providers in managing resistant bacterial infections.

Global Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market Report Segmentation

This report forecasts revenue growth at the global, regional & country levels and provides an analysis of the latest industry trends and opportunities in each of the sub-segments from 2021 to 2033. For this study, Grand View Research has segmented the antimicrobial resistance diagnostics market report based on technology, pathogen, end use, and region:

• Technology Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2021 - 2033)
• Microbiology Culture
• Immunoassay
• PCR
• NGS
• Mass Spectrometry
• Rapid & Point of Care
• Others
• Pathogen Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2021 - 2033)
• Drug Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae (DRSP)
• Drug Resistant Campylobacter (DRC)
• Clostridium Difficile (CD)
• Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
• Drug Resistant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (DRNG)
• Drug Resistant Salmonella (DRNTS)
• Others
• End Use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2021 - 2033)
• Hospitals
• Diagnostic Laboratories
• Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies
• Others
• Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2021 - 2033)
• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • UK
  • Germany
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Norway
  • Denmark
  • Sweden
  • Norway
  • Portugal
  • Turkey
  • Switzerland
  • Belgium
  • Netherlands
  • Rest of Europe
• Asia Pacific
  • Japan
  • China
  • India
  • Australia
  • South Korea
  • Thailand
  • Malaysia
  • Indonesia
  • Vietnam
  • Rest of Asia Pacific
• Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
  • Peru
  • Ecuador
  • Rest of Latin America
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • Kuwait

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope

• 1.1. Market Segmentation and Scope
• 1.2. Segment Definitions
  • 1.2.1. Technology
  • 1.2.2. Pathogen
  • 1.2.3. End Use
  • 1.2.4. Regional Scope
  • 1.2.5. Estimates and forecasts timeline
• 1.3. Research Methodology
• 1.4. Information Procurement
  • 1.4.1. Purchased database
  • 1.4.2. GVR's internal database
  • 1.4.3. Secondary sources
  • 1.4.4. Primary research
  • 1.4.5. Details of primary research
• 1.5. Information or Data Analysis
  • 1.5.1. Data analysis models
• 1.6. Market Formulation & Validation
• 1.7. Model Details
  • 1.7.1. Commodity flow analysis (Model 1)
  • 1.7.2. Approach 1: Commodity flow approach
  • 1.7.3. Volume price analysis (Model 2)
  • 1.7.4. Approach 2: Volume price analysis
• 1.8. List of Secondary Sources
• 1.9. List of Primary Sources
• 1.10. Objectives

Chapter 2. Executive Summary

• 2.1. Market Outlook
• 2.2. Segment Outlook
• 2.3. Regional outlook
• 2.4. Competitive Insights

Chapter 3. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market Variables, Trends & Scope

• 3.1. Market Lineage Outlook
  • 3.1.1. Parent Market Outlook
  • 3.1.2. Related/ancillary market outlook
• 3.2. Market Dynamics
  • 3.2.1. Market Driver Analysis
    • 3.2.1.1. Increase in risk of developing drug-resistant bacterial infections
    • 3.2.1.2. Introduction of novel technologies to diagnose AMR infections
    • 3.2.1.3. Favorable government initiatives
  • 3.2.2. Market Restraint Analysis
    • 3.2.2.1. Presence of stringent rules and regulations pertaining to diagnostics
• 3.3. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market Analysis Tools
  • 3.3.1. Industry Analysis - Porter's
    • 3.3.1.1. Bargaining power of suppliers
    • 3.3.1.2. Bargaining power of buyers
    • 3.3.1.3. Threat of substitutes
    • 3.3.1.4. Threat of new entrants
    • 3.3.1.5. Competitive rivalry
  • 3.3.2. PESTEL Analysis
    • 3.3.2.1. Political landscape
    • 3.3.2.2. Economic landscape
    • 3.3.2.3. Social landscape
    • 3.3.2.4. Technological landscape
    • 3.3.2.5. Environmental landscape
    • 3.3.2.6. Legal landscape

Chapter 4. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market: Technology Estimates & Trend Analysis

• 4.1. Segment Dashboard
• 4.2. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market: Technology Movement Analysis
• 4.3. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market by Technology Outlook (USD Million)
• 4.4. Market Size & Forecasts and Trend Analyses, 2021 to 2033 for the following
• 4.5. Microbiology Culture
  • 4.5.1. Microbiology Culture Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 4.6. Immunoassay
  • 4.6.1. Immunoassay Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 4.6.2. PCR
    • 4.6.2.1. PCR Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 4.6.3. NGS
    • 4.6.3.1. NGS Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 4.6.4. Mass Spectrometry
    • 4.6.4.1. Mass Spectrometry Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 4.6.5. Rapid & Point of Care
    • 4.6.5.1. Rapid & Point of Care Assays Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 4.6.6. Others
    • 4.6.6.1. Others Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)

Chapter 5. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market: Pathogen Estimates & Trend Analysis

• 5.1. Segment Dashboard
• 5.2. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market: Pathogen Movement Analysis
• 5.3. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market by Pathogen Outlook (USD Million)
• 5.4. Market Size & Forecasts and Trend Analyses, 2021 to 2033 for the following
• 5.5. Drug Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae (DRSP)
  • 5.5.1. Drug Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae (DRSP) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 5.6. Drug Resistant Campylobacter (DRC)
  • 5.6.1. Drug Resistant Campylobacter (DRC) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 5.7. Clostridium Difficile (CD)
  • 5.7.1. Clostridium Difficile (CD) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 5.8. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
  • 5.8.1. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 5.9. Drug Resistant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (DRNG)
  • 5.9.1. Drug Resistant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (DRNG) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 5.10. Drug Resistant Salmonella (DRNTS)
  • 5.10.1. Drug Resistant Salmonella (DRNTS) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 5.11. Others
  • 5.11.1. Others Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)

Chapter 6. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market: End Use Estimates & Trend Analysis

• 6.1. Segment Dashboard
• 6.2. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market: End Use Movement Analysis
• 6.3. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market by End Use Outlook (USD Million)
• 6.4. Market Size & Forecasts and Trend Analyses, 2021 to 2033 for the following
• 6.5. Hospitals
  • 6.5.1. Hospitals Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 6.6. Diagnostic Laboratories
  • 6.6.1. Diagnostic Laboratories Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 6.7. Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies
  • 6.7.1. Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
• 6.8. Others
  • 6.8.1. Others Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)

Chapter 7. Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis

• 7.1. Regional Dashboard
• 7.2. Market Size, & Forecasts Trend Analysis, 2021 to 2033:
• 7.3. North America
  • 7.3.1. U.S.
    • 7.3.1.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.3.1.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.3.1.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.3.1.4. U.S. market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.3.2. Canada
    • 7.3.2.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.3.2.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.3.2.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.3.2.4. Canada market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.3.3. Mexico
    • 7.3.3.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.3.3.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.3.3.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.3.3.4. Mexico market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
• 7.4. Europe
  • 7.4.1. UK
    • 7.4.1.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.1.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.1.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.1.4. UK market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.2. Germany
    • 7.4.2.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.2.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.2.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.2.4. Germany market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.3. France
    • 7.4.3.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.3.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.3.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.3.4. France market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.4. Italy
    • 7.4.4.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.4.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.4.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.4.4. Italy market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.5. Spain
    • 7.4.5.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.5.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.5.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.5.4. Spain market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.6. Norway
    • 7.4.6.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.6.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.6.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.6.4. Norway market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.7. Sweden
    • 7.4.7.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.7.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.7.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.7.4. Sweden market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.8. Denmark
    • 7.4.8.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.8.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.8.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.8.4. Denmark market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.9. Portugal
    • 7.4.9.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.9.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.9.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.9.4. Portugal market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.10. Turkey
    • 7.4.10.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.10.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.10.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.10.4. Turkey market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.11. Switzerland
    • 7.4.11.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.11.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.11.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.11.4. Switzerland market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.12. Belgium
    • 7.4.12.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.12.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.12.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.12.4. Belgium market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.13. Netherlands
    • 7.4.13.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.13.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.13.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.13.4. Netherlands market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.4.14. ROE
    • 7.4.14.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.4.14.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.4.14.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.4.14.4. ROE market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
• 7.5. Asia Pacific
  • 7.5.1. Japan
    • 7.5.1.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.1.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.1.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.1.4. Japan market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.2. China
    • 7.5.2.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.2.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.2.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.2.4. China market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.3. India
    • 7.5.3.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.3.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.3.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.3.4. India market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.4. Australia
    • 7.5.4.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.4.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.4.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.4.4. Australia market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.5. South Korea
    • 7.5.5.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.5.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.5.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.5.4. South Korea market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.6. Thailand
    • 7.5.6.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.6.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.6.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.6.4. Thailand market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.7. Malaysia
    • 7.5.7.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.7.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.7.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.7.4. Malaysia market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.8. Indonesia
    • 7.5.8.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.8.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.8.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.8.4. Indonesia market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.9. Vietnam
    • 7.5.9.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.9.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.9.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.9.4. Vietnam market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.5.10. Rest of APAC
    • 7.5.10.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.5.10.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.5.10.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.5.10.4. ROE market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
• 7.6. Latin America
  • 7.6.1. Brazil
    • 7.6.1.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.6.1.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.6.1.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.6.1.4. Brazil market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.6.2. Argentina
    • 7.6.2.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.6.2.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.6.2.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.6.2.4. Argentina market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.6.3. Colombia
    • 7.6.3.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.6.3.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.6.3.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.6.3.4. Colombia market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.6.4. Peru
    • 7.6.4.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.6.4.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.6.4.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.6.4.4. Peru market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.6.5. Ecuador
    • 7.6.5.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.6.5.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.6.5.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.6.5.4. Ecuador market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.6.6. Rest of Latin America
    • 7.6.6.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.6.6.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.6.6.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.6.6.4. Rest of Latin America market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
• 7.7. MEA
  • 7.7.1. South Africa
    • 7.7.1.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.7.1.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.7.1.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.7.1.4. South Africa market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.7.2. Saudi Arabia
    • 7.7.2.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.7.2.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.7.2.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.7.2.4. Saudi Arabia market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.7.3. UAE
    • 7.7.3.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.7.3.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.7.3.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.7.3.4. UAE market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)
  • 7.7.4. Kuwait
    • 7.7.4.1. Key country dynamics
    • 7.7.4.2. Regulatory framework/ reimbursement structure
    • 7.7.4.3. Competitive scenario
    • 7.7.4.4. Kuwait market estimates and forecasts 2021 to 2033 (USD Million)

Chapter 8. Competitive Landscape

• 8.1. Market Participant Categorization
• 8.2. Recent Developments & Impact Analysis by Key Market Participants
• 8.3. Company Market Share Analysis, 2025
• 8.4. Key Company Profiles
  • 8.4.1. bioMerieux
    • 8.4.1.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.1.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.1.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.1.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.2. F. Hoffmann - La Roche Ltd
    • 8.4.2.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.2.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.2.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.2.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.3. Abbott
    • 8.4.3.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.3.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.3.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.3.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.4. BD
    • 8.4.4.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.4.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.4.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.4.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.5. Danaher
    • 8.4.5.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.5.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.5.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.5.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.6. Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc.
    • 8.4.6.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.6.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.6.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.6.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.7. Molsid
    • 8.4.7.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.7.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.7.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.7.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.8. Vela Diagnostics
    • 8.4.8.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.8.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.8.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.8.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.9. Visby Medical, Inc.
    • 8.4.9.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.9.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.9.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.9.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.10. Hologic, Inc.
    • 8.4.10.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.10.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.10.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.10.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.11. OpGen.
    • 8.4.11.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.11.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.11.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.11.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.12. Seegene Inc
    • 8.4.12.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.12.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.12.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.12.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.13. EliTechGroup
    • 8.4.13.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.13.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.13.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.13.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.4.14. CERTEST BIOTEC
    • 8.4.14.1. Company overview
    • 8.4.14.2. Financial performance
    • 8.4.14.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.4.14.4. Strategic initiatives