생분해성 플라스틱 시장 : 재료 유형, 공급원, 분해 기술, 생산 공정, 제품 유형, 유통 채널, 용도별 - 세계 예측(2025-2032년)

The Biodegradable Plastics Market is projected to grow by USD 22.10 billion at a CAGR of 13.49% by 2032.

An authoritative orientation to the biodegradable plastics landscape clarifying technical distinctions regulatory drivers and operational barriers for strategic decision-makers

The global plastics ecosystem is undergoing a structural transformation as stakeholders across industry, policy, and consumers converge on sustainability as both an operational imperative and a market differentiator. Biodegradable plastics have moved beyond pilot projects and niche eco-labels into a mainstream consideration for brand owners, municipalities, and manufacturers seeking to reduce environmental externalities while preserving performance attributes. This report opens with a concise orientation to the technologies, feedstock origins, and end-use considerations that define contemporary biodegradable plastics, laying out the technical distinctions between compostable formats and inherently biodegradable chemistries, and clarifying the regulatory frameworks that shape permissible claims across jurisdictions.

As market participants evaluate material substitution, the introduction frames how innovation in polymer chemistry, bioprocessing, and additive manufacturing has created a diverse materials palette. It also highlights operational tensions such as feedstock competition with food supply chains, the maturity of industrial composting infrastructure, and the need for standardized testing to validate decomposition pathways in real-world waste streams. Transitioning from laboratory promise to commercial scale requires coordination across suppliers, converters, waste managers, and regulators. This section positions the remainder of the analysis by identifying the levers that most directly influence adoption velocity: material performance parity, reliable end-of-life systems, cost competitiveness relative to conventional plastics, and clear regulatory signals that reduce market uncertainty.

How technical innovation regulatory clarity capital allocation and evolving consumer expectations are jointly reshaping adoption pathways for biodegradable polymers

The landscape for biodegradable plastics is being reshaped by several transformative shifts that are altering incentives, supply chain architecture, and product design choices. First, material innovation has accelerated, with multiple chemistries-ranging from plant-derived polylactic acid and starch-based formulations to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates-offering differentiated performance profiles that enable application-specific substitution. Concurrently, corporations and public buyers are embedding circularity targets into procurement practices, which pressures suppliers to demonstrate verified end-of-life outcomes and cradle-to-grave transparency. These developments are increasing demand for materials that not only biodegrade under specified conditions but also integrate into existing recycling and composting systems without causing contamination.

Second, regulatory and standards alignment is progressing, with jurisdictions clarifying labeling rules and compostability criteria, creating clearer paths for compliant commercialization. Third, capital flows are shifting: strategic investors and venture funds are channeling resources into modular manufacturing technologies and feedstock processing facilities, while established chemical companies pursue vertical integration to secure biopolymer feedstocks. Finally, consumer expectations are evolving; heightened awareness of plastic leakage and microplastic risks is driving preference signals that favor biodegradable alternatives in selected use cases. Together, these shifts are producing a more complex but opportunity-rich environment, requiring firms to combine technical rigor, supply chain orchestration, and stakeholder engagement to capture value.

An in-depth assessment of how 2025 tariff measures accelerated regional supply chain reconfiguration investment shifts and sourcing strategies across biodegradable polymer value chains

The introduction of tariffs and trade measures by a major economy in 2025 has had a multi-dimensional impact on the biodegradable plastics landscape, prompting companies to reassess sourcing strategies, manufacturing footprints, and pricing dynamics. Import levies on polymer intermediates and feedstock derivatives have increased landed input costs for converters that remain reliant on cross-border supply chains. In response, many firms initiated a strategic pivot toward regional sourcing and onshoring of upstream processing to reduce exposure to trade policy volatility and ensure continuity of supply. This strategic realignment has been accompanied by accelerated contracting with domestic growers and waste-sourcing partners for feedstock stability.

Moreover, the tariff environment has spurred investment in localized value chains, with capital flowing into midstream processing capabilities such as polymerization units and compounding facilities within tariff-protected markets. For brands, the tariff-driven cost pressure has intensified the need to articulate the total cost of ownership when comparing biodegradable options to incumbent plastics, including end-of-life handling and reputational value. At the same time, some stakeholders have used the policy shift as an inflection point to lobby for trade exemptions tied to environmental criteria, arguing that green materials warrant preferential treatment. Overall, the cumulative effect in 2025 has been to accelerate regionalization, increase supply chain resilience planning, and elevate trade policy as a core strategic consideration in commercial planning.

Comprehensive segmentation-driven insights linking material chemistries feedstock origins production methods distribution channels and application-specific performance requirements

A granular understanding of market dynamics requires segmentation across material composition, feedstock origin, decomposition pathways, production techniques, product formats, distribution routes, and end-use applications. Materials range from cellulose-based plastics and starch-derived formulations to engineered biopolymers such as polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, and polyhydroxyalkanoates, each presenting distinct thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation characteristics that influence suitability for specific use cases. Source differentiation matters as well: plant-based feedstocks provide renewable carbon yet must be managed against land-use considerations, marine-derived inputs can offer unique properties but raise scalability questions, and waste-based streams promise circularity if collection and processing systems are adequate.

Decomposition technique informs end-of-life design; aerobic and anaerobic processes have different kinetics and by-product profiles, while industrial and home composting standards impose particular temperature and residence time requirements. Production processes shape manufacturing economics and design flexibility, with extrusion, molding, and thermoforming offering alternative trade-offs between throughput, part complexity, and tooling costs. Product type segmentation concentrates on films and sheets where barrier properties and thickness gradients are critical to performance. Distribution channels bifurcate into offline and online pathways, influencing packaging format decisions and return logistics. Finally, application segmentation highlights end-use specificity: agricultural uses like greenhouse coverings and mulch films prioritize soil compatibility and biodegradation without residue; building and construction demand durable insulation materials and plasterboard systems that meet fire and safety codes; consumer goods require household products and textiles that satisfy aesthetic and washability expectations; healthcare contexts call for drug delivery systems and single-use medical devices with strict biocompatibility and sterilization requirements; packaging spans flexible and rigid formats where sealing, barrier performance, and labeling are key. Integrating these segmentation lenses enables firms to prioritize R&D, target commercialization pilots, and match material science choices to downstream handling and regulatory regimes.

How regional policy frameworks infrastructure maturity and market drivers across the Americas Europe Middle East & Africa and Asia-Pacific shape distinctive adoption pathways

Regional dynamics exert strong influence on technology adoption, regulatory frameworks, infrastructure readiness, and investor appetite across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific. In the Americas, policy emphasis on municipal waste diversion and state-level procurement standards has created pockets of demand for compostable packaging and agricultural films, while robust venture activity fuels capacity expansion in both the biopolymer and processing segments. Transitioning to circular systems here often depends on municipal composting networks and public-private partnerships to scale end-of-life processing.

In Europe Middle East & Africa, regulatory harmonization and extended producer responsibility schemes have gone further in creating market pull for materials that can demonstrably meet collection and composting standards, and industrial composting infrastructure tends to be more developed in several European markets. The region's stringent labeling and chemical safety regimes also drive conservative claims and rigorous certification, which in turn shape product development cycles. In the Asia-Pacific, demand is driven by a combination of manufacturing proximity, rising consumer environmental awareness, and government-led plastic reduction initiatives. Large-scale feedstock availability and dense converter networks create opportunities for rapid scaling, but infrastructure for industrial composting and consistent waste collection can vary substantially across countries. These regional contours imply that strategies must be tailored: in some markets prioritize regulatory certification and EPR engagement, in others invest early in collection and processing partnerships, and in several apply hybrid approaches that combine product redesign with targeted local manufacturing.

A synthesis of prevailing corporate strategies and collaborative models that are securing feedstock access validating end-of-life claims and enabling scalable commercialization

Industry participants are converging on a set of strategic moves to advance commercialization and de-risk scale-up across the biodegradable plastics value chain. Established polymer producers are increasingly pursuing feedstock diversification and joint ventures with bioresource processors to secure upstream inputs, while technology-focused newcomers concentrate on licensing proprietary microbial routes and process intensification techniques. Converters and packaging firms are testing co-extrusion and multilayer designs that blend biodegradable layers with performance-enhancing components, and many are investing in redesign for easier separation at end-of-life.

At the same time, strategic collaborations between material suppliers, waste management firms, and large brand owners have become a common mechanism to pilot closed-loop systems and validate real-world compostability claims. Investment in analytical testing and certification capabilities is also rising, as companies seek independent verification to support environmental claims and mitigate reputational risk. Commercial strategies increasingly emphasize vertical integration, risk-sharing contracts, and off-take agreements to stabilize demand and justify capital expenditure. Collectively, these behaviors indicate a market moving from discovery and proof-of-concept toward more coordinated value chain arrangements that prioritize reliability, traceability, and validated environmental performance.

Actionable strategic initiatives for industry leaders to secure feedstock flexibility validate end-of-life outcomes and align product design with evolving channel economics

Leaders in the biodegradable plastics sector should pursue a set of pragmatic, high-impact actions to convert momentum into durable competitive advantage. First, prioritize feedstock flexibility by qualifying multiple input streams and establishing contingency sourcing agreements to shield operations from trade and crop volatility. Second, invest in end-of-life partnerships with composters, anaerobic digesters, and municipal waste managers to ensure product claims translate into realized circular outcomes. Third, accelerate material testing and certification to remove ambiguity around performance and reduce adoption friction for downstream customers.

Fourth, align product development with channel economics: tailor film and sheet formulations for online fulfillment and return logistics where appropriate, and design rigid formats to meet established recycling or composting pathways. Fifth, engage proactively with policymakers to shape practical standards and advocate for targeted incentives that support infrastructure build-out rather than one-off subsidies. Sixth, deploy modular manufacturing and flexible production cells to shorten lead times and facilitate regionalization in response to tariff or trade shifts. Finally, commit to clear consumer communication and transparent supply chain traceability to build trust, as perception of environmental integrity increasingly drives purchasing decisions. Executed in combination, these steps reduce execution risk while positioning organizations to lead in rapidly maturing markets.

A transparent multi-method research framework combining primary expert engagement site observations regulatory review and supply chain mapping for credible actionable conclusions

The analysis underpinning this report draws on a multi-method research framework that integrates primary and secondary evidence to deliver robust, reproducible findings. Primary research included structured interviews with subject-matter experts across polymer science, packaging conversion, waste management operations, and regulatory affairs, complemented by site visits to manufacturing and composting facilities to observe real-world processing constraints. Proprietary supply chain mapping techniques were applied to trace feedstock flows and identify pinch points, while scenario-based workshops with commercial leaders tested strategic responses to policy changes and tariff impacts.

Secondary inputs comprised peer-reviewed scientific literature on biodegradation mechanisms, industry white papers, patent landscape reviews, and publicly available regulatory documents and standards. Quantitative analysis leveraged transaction-level procurement and trade data where available, alongside internal databases of manufacturing capacities and process yields to model sensitivity and risk. Quality assurance procedures included cross-validation of claims, triangulation across independent sources, and methodological transparency in documenting assumptions and limitations. Throughout, the goal of the methodology was to balance technical rigor with practical relevance, ensuring that conclusions are grounded in observed practice as well as established science.

A concluding synthesis emphasizing the necessity of coordinated infrastructure policy certification and product redesign to translate biodegradable polymers into tangible circular outcomes

Biodegradable plastics occupy a pivotal role in the broader transition toward more sustainable material systems, offering a pathway to reduce certain environmental impacts when paired with appropriate end-of-life infrastructure and clear regulatory standards. The technology continuum-from starch-based films to advanced microbial polyesters-provides the material diversity needed to address a wide range of applications, yet the pace of commercial adoption will depend on coordinated progress across policy, infrastructure, and commercial collaboration. The most successful strategies will be those that reconcile material performance with circularity outcomes, integrating product design, collection logistics, and third-party verification from the design phase onward.

In closing, stakeholders should view the current moment as an opportunity to institutionalize practices that will outlast short-term incentives: standardize certification pathways, invest in scalable processing infrastructure, commit to transparent claims, and align commercial incentives across the value chain. Those that act decisively, balancing technical capability with pragmatic partnerships and regulatory engagement, are best positioned to capture the strategic benefits of early leadership while contributing to measurable environmental improvements.

Table of Contents

1. Preface

• 1.1. Objectives of the Study
• 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
• 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
• 1.4. Currency & Pricing
• 1.5. Language
• 1.6. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview

5. Market Insights

• 5.1. Scaling up biopolymer production with novel microbial fermentation processes to meet global demand
• 5.2. Integration of biodegradable plastics in food packaging to reduce single-use plastic waste streams
• 5.3. Development of compostable agricultural mulch films with enhanced UV resistance and soil health benefits
• 5.4. Commercial adoption of PHA-based materials in medical device applications for sustainable disposability
• 5.5. Collaboration between plastic manufacturers and waste management firms to optimize PLA recycling infrastructure
• 5.6. Advancements in enzymatic recycling techniques for accelerated degradation of polybutylene succinate products
• 5.7. Regulatory incentives driving investment in marine biodegradable polymer alternatives to protect ocean ecosystems
• 5.8. Consumer shift towards refillable packaging systems using biodegradable plastic formulations with improved durability

6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025

7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025

8. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Material Type

• 8.1. Cellulose-Based Plastics
• 8.2. Polybutylene Succinate (PBS)
• 8.3. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
• 8.4. Polylactic Acid (PLA)
• 8.5. Starch-Based Plastics

9. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Source

• 9.1. Marine-Based
• 9.2. Plant-Based
• 9.3. Waste-Based

10. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Decomposition Technique

• 10.1. Aerobic Decomposition
• 10.2. Anaerobic Decomposition
• 10.3. Composting

11. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Production Processes

• 11.1. Extrusion
• 11.2. Molding
• 11.3. Thermoforming

12. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Product Type

• 12.1. Films
• 12.2. Sheets

13. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Distribution Channel

• 13.1. Offline
• 13.2. Online

14. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Application

• 14.1. Agriculture & Horticulture
  • 14.1.1. Greenhouse Coverings
  • 14.1.2. Mulch Films
• 14.2. Building & Construction
  • 14.2.1. Insulation Materials
  • 14.2.2. Plasterboard
• 14.3. Consumer Goods
  • 14.3.1. Household Products
  • 14.3.2. Textiles
• 14.4. Healthcare
  • 14.4.1. Drug Delivery Systems
  • 14.4.2. Medical Devices
• 14.5. Packaging
  • 14.5.1. Flexible Packaging
  • 14.5.2. Rigid Packaging

15. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Region

• 15.1. Americas
  • 15.1.1. North America
  • 15.1.2. Latin America
• 15.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
  • 15.2.1. Europe
  • 15.2.2. Middle East
  • 15.2.3. Africa
• 15.3. Asia-Pacific

16. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Group

• 16.1. ASEAN
• 16.2. GCC
• 16.3. European Union
• 16.4. BRICS
• 16.5. G7
• 16.6. NATO

17. Biodegradable Plastics Market, by Country

• 17.1. United States
• 17.2. Canada
• 17.3. Mexico
• 17.4. Brazil
• 17.5. United Kingdom
• 17.6. Germany
• 17.7. France
• 17.8. Russia
• 17.9. Italy
• 17.10. Spain
• 17.11. China
• 17.12. India
• 17.13. Japan
• 17.14. Australia
• 17.15. South Korea

18. Competitive Landscape

• 18.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
• 18.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
• 18.3. Competitive Analysis
  • 18.3.1. Armando Alvarez S.A.
  • 18.3.2. BASF SE
  • 18.3.3. BEWI ASA
  • 18.3.4. Biome Technologies PLC
  • 18.3.5. BioSphere Plastic LLC
  • 18.3.6. Braskem S.A.
  • 18.3.7. Cardia Bioplastics
  • 18.3.8. CHUKOH CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.
  • 18.3.9. Clondalkin Group
  • 18.3.10. Danimer Scientific, Inc.
  • 18.3.11. Eastman Chemical Company
  • 18.3.12. EcoBharat
  • 18.3.13. FKuR Kunststoff GmbH
  • 18.3.14. Futamura Group
  • 18.3.15. Futerro SA
  • 18.3.16. Green Dot Bioplastics Inc.
  • 18.3.17. Kingfa Sci & Tec Co
  • 18.3.18. Kuraray Co., Ltd.
  • 18.3.19. MAIP SRL
  • 18.3.20. NatureWorks LLC
  • 18.3.21. Ningbo Tianan Biomaterials Co., Ltd.
  • 18.3.22. Northern Technologies International Corporation
  • 18.3.23. Polymateria Limited
  • 18.3.24. PTT MCC Biochem Co., Ltd.
  • 18.3.25. Shimadzu Corporation
  • 18.3.26. Toray Industries Inc.
  • 18.3.27. TotalEnergies Corbion BV
  • 18.3.28. Trinseo PLC
  • 18.3.29. Versalis SpA