세계의 캐슈넛 껍질액 시장 : 용도별, 제품 유형별, 추출 공정별, 등급별, 지역별 예측(-2030년)

The CNSL market is expected to grow at a rate of 11.36% between 2025 and 2030, projected to be USD 876.5 million globally by 2030.

It is gaining high demand in the following applications, i.e., adhesives, coatings, foams, insulation, surfactants, and laminates. Of these, coatings had the highest share of USD 130.0 million in 2024 and that of the adhesives was USD 113.0 million. Its eco-friendly, renewable character, high thermal and chemical stability, compatibility with numerous polymers and resins are the main qualities of CNSL-based coatings and adhesives which predetermine their demand in the market.

The phenolic compounds present in CNSL enhance the outcomes of better bonding strength and durability, which makes it ideal in the automotive, construction, and electronics sectors. Besides, environmental issues and increased regulatory pressure of petroleum-based chemicals have started changing preferences among manufacturers to bio-based products like CNSL. The growth is also devoid of the fact that sustainable and cost-effective materials are gaining positive affinities in the industrial and consumer product formulations.

"Phenol formaldehyde resins and epoxy systems were leading product types in the CNSL market, 2024"

Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resins have the largest share of CNSL market by product type valued at USD 76.3 million in 2024 and are closely followed by epoxy modifiers & resins and curing agents with a value of USD 76.2 million and USD 75.9 million, respectively. There are such product types which can take advantage of CNSL reactive phenolic structure, so that it could be used as a strong and flexible chemical intermediating in resin and plastic compounding.

The escalating need for high performance, heat-resistant and sustainable materials in the manufacturing industries starting with electronics to automotive industries then to construction industries is boosting the use of the CNSL-derived PF and epoxy systems. Specifically, CNSL-based curing agents are picking up popularity as they have the advantage of low toxicity and biodegradability, and thus, they can substitute the traditional amine-based systems offering a safer option. Also, polyols & NCO blocking agents and friction materials are experiencing high demand because they are important in brake linings, clutches, and polyurethane foams. With the growing interest of industries in the use of bio-based feedstocks as raw materials in making high-performance products, CNSL-based products come as perfect green alternatives to existing raw materials which meet the demands of sustainability that the world is gearing toward.

"Europe dominated the global CNSL market in 2024, driven by sustainable regulations and industrial innovation"

The European market is the most significant regional CNSL market. This is principally because of its strict policies on environment, the already developed manufacturing facilities and its active pursuit of bio-based chemicals. Consistency has been witnessed in the demand for the region in applications, such as coatings, adhesives, epoxy systems, and friction materials, especially in automotive, construction, and electronic industries. Green Deal and circular economy indicators in the EU with reliance on petroleum-based raw materials have been replaced by renewable sources such as CNSL.

In Germany, France, and the Netherlands, manufacturers are also taking advantage of the renewability of the phenolic content in CNSL to compile resins, coatings, and insulation materials that are free of formaldehyde and low in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as environmentally harmless. In addition to this, the use of CNSL in automotive friction materials (such as brake pads, clutch plates) also suits well the trend of automotive innovations in Europe and its policy toward carbon emission reductions.

In-depth interviews have been conducted with chief executive officers (CEOs), Directors, and other executives from various key organizations operating in the CNSL marketplace.

• By Company Type: Tier 1 - 55%, Tier 2 - 25%, and Tier 3 - 20%
• By Designation: Directors - 50%, Managers - 30%, and Others - 20%
• By Region: North America - 40%, Europe - 35%, Asia Pacific - 20%, Rest of the World - 5%

The key players profiled in the report include Cardolite Corporation (US), GHW (Vietnam) Co. Ltd., Palmer International (US), LC Buffalo Co.Ltd. (Vietnam), Cat Loi Cashew Oil Production & Export Joint Stock Company (Vietnam), Senese (Poland), Zhejiang Wansheng Co., Ltd. (China), Cashew Chem India (India), Sri Devi Group (India), and ADMARK Polycoats Pvt. Ltd. (India).

Research Coverage

This report segments the market for CNSL based on product type, application, and region and provides estimations of value (USD Million) for the overall market size across various regions. A detailed analysis of key industry players has been conducted to provide insights into their business overviews, services, and key strategies, associated with the market for CNSL.

Reasons to Buy this Report

This research report is focused on various levels of analyses - industry analysis (industry trends), market share analysis of top players, and company profiles, which together provide an overall view of the competitive landscape, emerging and high-growth segments of the CNSL market; high-growth regions; and market drivers, restraints, and opportunities.

The report provides insights into the following points:

• Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on CNSL offered by top players in the global market.
• Analysis of key drivers: (Increasing preference for bio-based alternatives, growing government initiatives supporting the cashew industry) restraints (Emissions and fume release during processing, lack of standardization and inconsistent quality) opportunities (CNSL biofuel blends for marine fuel) and challenges (availability of substitutes) influencing the growth of CNSL market.
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product & service launches in the CNSL market.
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative emerging markets - the report analyzes the markets for CNSL across regions.

• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped regions, and recent developments in the global CNSL market.
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of leading players in the CNSL market.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
• 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
• 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
  • 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE
  • 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
  • 1.3.3 MARKET DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY PRODUCT TYPE
  • 1.3.4 MARKET DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY APPLICATION
  • 1.3.5 YEARS CONSIDERED
  • 1.3.6 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
  • 1.3.7 UNITS CONSIDERED
• 1.4 STAKEHOLDERS
• 1.5 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
  • 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
  • 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
    • 2.1.2.1 Key primary participants
    • 2.1.2.2 Key industry insights
    • 2.1.2.3 Breakdown of interviews with experts
• 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
  • 2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
  • 2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
• 2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION
• 2.4 GROWTH FORECAST
  • 2.4.1 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
  • 2.4.2 DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS
• 2.5 ASSUMPTIONS
• 2.6 LIMITATIONS
• 2.7 RISK ASSESSMENT

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS

• 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN CNSL MARKET
• 4.2 CNSL MARKET, BY REGION
• 4.3 ASIA PACIFIC: CNSL MARKET, BY APPLICATION AND COUNTRY
• 4.4 CNSL MARKET, BY APPLICATION AND REGION
• 4.5 CNSL MARKET, BY KEY COUNTRIES

5 MARKET OVERVIEW

• 5.1 INTRODUCTION
• 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
  • 5.2.1 DRIVERS
    • 5.2.1.1 Increasing preference for bio-based alternatives
    • 5.2.1.2 Growing government initiatives supporting cashew industry
    • 5.2.1.3 Rising demand from coatings and adhesives industries
  • 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
    • 5.2.2.1 Emissions and fume release during processing
    • 5.2.2.2 Lack of standardization and inconsistent quality
  • 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
    • 5.2.3.1 CNSL biofuel blends for marine fuel
    • 5.2.3.2 R&D in CNSL applications accelerating commercial adoption
  • 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
    • 5.2.4.1 Availability of substitutes
• 5.3 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
  • 5.3.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
  • 5.3.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
  • 5.3.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
  • 5.3.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
  • 5.3.5 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
• 5.4 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
  • 5.4.1 BUYING CRITERIA
• 5.5 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
  • 5.5.1 GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST FOR MAJOR ECONOMIES, 2021-2030

6 INDUSTRY TRENDS

• 6.1 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
  • 6.1.1 RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
  • 6.1.2 MANUFACTURERS
  • 6.1.3 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
  • 6.1.4 END-USE INDUSTRIES
• 6.2 PRICING ANALYSIS
  • 6.2.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF CNSL OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, BY APPLICATION, 2024
  • 6.2.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF CNSL, BY REGION, 2022-2030
• 6.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
• 6.4 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
• 6.5 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
  • 6.5.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 6.5.1.1 Cardanol-derived epoxy compounds and modifiers
    • 6.5.1.2 CNSL-based polyols for polyurethane systems
    • 6.5.1.3 Integrated extraction, refinement, and blending technology for CNSL-based marine fuels
  • 6.5.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 6.5.2.1 Bio-based epoxy resins from glycerol and sugar derivatives
    • 6.5.2.2 Advanced extraction and catalytic processing
• 6.6 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
  • 6.6.1 CNSL BIOFUEL'S ROLE IN DECARBONIZING MARINE TRANSPORT
  • 6.6.2 REPLACING VOC-HEAVY EPOXIES WITH CNSL-BASED PHENALKAMINES
• 6.7 TRADE ANALYSIS
  • 6.7.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 1302)
  • 6.7.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 1302)
• 6.8 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
  • 6.8.1 GLOBAL: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • 6.8.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
    • 6.8.2.1 REACH Regulation (European Union)
    • 6.8.2.2 Circular Economy Action Plan (European Union)
    • 6.8.2.3 Clean Air Act (US)
    • 6.8.2.4 TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) (US)
    • 6.8.2.5 ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 Standards (Global)
• 6.9 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025-2026
• 6.10 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
• 6.11 PATENT ANALYSIS
  • 6.11.1 APPROACH
  • 6.11.2 DOCUMENT TYPES
  • 6.11.3 TOP APPLICANTS
  • 6.11.4 JURISDICTION ANALYSIS
• 6.12 IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFF - OVERVIEW
  • 6.12.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 6.12.2 KEY TARIFF RATES
  • 6.12.3 PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS
  • 6.12.4 IMPACT ON COUNTRY/REGION
    • 6.12.4.1 US
    • 6.12.4.2 Europe
    • 6.12.4.3 Asia Pacific
  • 6.12.5 IMPACT ON APPLICATION SECTORS
• 6.13 IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI ON CNSL MARKET

7 CASHEW NUTSHELL LIQUID MARKET, BY APPLICATION

• 7.1 INTRODUCTION
• 7.2 ADHESIVES
  • 7.2.1 WATER, CHEMICAL, THERMAL, SHOCK RESISTANCE, AND EXCELLENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES TO BOOST GROWTH
• 7.3 COATINGS
  • 7.3.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR ANTI-CORROSIVE PROTECTIVE COATINGS TO DRIVE MARKET
• 7.4 FOAMS & INSULATION
  • 7.4.1 EXCELLENT PROCESSING, DIMENSIONAL STABILITY, AND UNIFORM STRUCTURE TO FUEL GROWTH
• 7.5 LAMINATES
  • 7.5.1 SUPERIOR MOISTURE RESISTANCE AND HIGHER FLEXIBILITY TO PROPEL MARKET
• 7.6 FRICTION LININGS
  • 7.6.1 NEED TO INCREASE FRICTION, REDUCE ROTOR WEAR, AND CONTROL NOISE TO BOOST MARKET
• 7.7 PERSONAL CARE
  • 7.7.1 INCREASING DISPOSABLE INCOME TO DRIVE DEMAND
• 7.8 FUELS
  • 7.8.1 ENHANCED FUEL STABILITY, REDUCED ENGINE WEAR, AND IMPROVED COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY TO BOOST GROWTH
• 7.9 OTHER APPLICATIONS

8 CASHEW NUTSHELL LIQUID MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE

• 8.1 INTRODUCTION
• 8.2 PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE (PF) RESINS
  • 8.2.1 GROWING CONSUMER AND INDUSTRY PREFERENCE FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY AND REDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT TO FUEL ADOPTION
• 8.3 EPOXY MODIFIERS & RESINS
  • 8.3.1 EXCELLENT WATER RESISTANCE AND HIGHER FLEXIBILITY TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH
• 8.4 EPOXY CURING AGENTS
  • 8.4.1 DEMAND FOR INDUSTRIAL, MARINE, PROTECTIVE COATINGS, TRANSPORTATION, AND FLOORING APPLICATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET
• 8.5 SURFACTANTS
  • 8.5.1 GROWING DEMAND IN PERSONAL CARE FOR SAFETY TO BOOST MARKET GROWTH
• 8.6 POLYOLS & NCO BLOCKING AGENTS
  • 8.6.1 IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND DESIRED PROPERTIES OF END-USE PRODUCTS TO FUEL GROWTH
• 8.7 FRICTION MATERIALS
  • 8.7.1 INCREASING DEMAND IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY TO BOOST MARKET
• 8.8 OTHER PRODUCT TYPES

9 CASHEW NUTSHELL LIQUID (CNSL) MARKET, BY EXTRACTION PROCESS

• 9.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 9.1.1 MECHANICAL EXTRACTION PROCESS
  • 9.1.2 SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESS
  • 9.1.3 CHEMICAL EXTRACTION PROCESS

10 CASHEW NUTSHELL LIQUID (CNSL) MARKET, BY GRADE

• 10.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 10.1.1 KEY CHARACTERISTICS
    • 10.1.1.1 Raw CNSL
    • 10.1.1.2 Degummed CNSL
    • 10.1.1.3 Refined CNSL
    • 10.1.1.4 Distilled CNSL

11 CASHEW NUTSHELL LIQUID (CNSL) MARKET, BY REGION

• 11.1 INTRODUCTION
• 11.2 ASIA PACIFIC
  • 11.2.1 CHINA
    • 11.2.1.1 Growing demand for processed and semi-processed CNSL products to drive market
  • 11.2.2 INDIA
    • 11.2.2.1 Rising middle-class population, rapid urbanization, and continuous influx of multinational companies to boost market
  • 11.2.3 JAPAN
    • 11.2.3.1 Demand from automobile industry to fuel market
  • 11.2.4 SOUTH KOREA
    • 11.2.4.1 Increasing demand for bio-based products from electronic and automotive industries to support growth
  • 11.2.5 INDONESIA
    • 11.2.5.1 Rapid industrialization and rising consumer spending to propel market
  • 11.2.6 VIETNAM
    • 11.2.6.1 Significant global exports to propel growth
• 11.3 NORTH AMERICA
  • 11.3.1 US
    • 11.3.1.1 Rising environmental concerns and regulations to meet zero-emission norms to boost growth
  • 11.3.2 MEXICO
    • 11.3.2.1 Rising demand for coatings and adhesives to influence market growth
  • 11.3.3 CANADA
    • 11.3.3.1 Growing environmental concerns over petroleum-based products to support market growth
• 11.4 EUROPE
  • 11.4.1 GERMANY
    • 11.4.1.1 Growing developments and investments in chemical industry and exports to drive growth
  • 11.4.2 FRANCE
    • 11.4.2.1 Increasing investments in renewable energy sector to boost market
  • 11.4.3 UK
    • 11.4.3.1 Stringent environmental standards to drive market growth
  • 11.4.4 ITALY
    • 11.4.4.1 Growing automotive sector to drive market
  • 11.4.5 NETHERLANDS
    • 11.4.5.1 Demand in coatings, electrical and electronics, and construction to boost market
• 11.5 SOUTH AMERICA
  • 11.5.1 BRAZIL
    • 11.5.1.1 Strong export activity and industrial growth to drive market
• 11.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
  • 11.6.1 GCC COUNTRIES
    • 11.6.1.1 UAE
      • 11.6.1.1.1 Infrastructural projects to provide growth opportunities
    • 11.6.1.2 Saudi Arabia
      • 11.6.1.2.1 Rising demand from infrastructure, transportation, and manufacturing sectors to boost market
  • 11.6.2 SOUTH AFRICA
    • 11.6.2.1 Private sector investments to fuel market growth

12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

• 12.1 INTRODUCTION
• 12.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN
• 12.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024
• 12.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS, 2020-2024
• 12.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
  • 12.5.1 STARS
  • 12.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS
  • 12.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
  • 12.5.4 PARTICIPANTS
  • 12.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
    • 12.5.5.1 Company footprint
    • 12.5.5.2 Region footprint
    • 12.5.5.3 Product type footprint
    • 12.5.5.4 Application footprint
• 12.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
  • 12.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
  • 12.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
  • 12.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
  • 12.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS
  • 12.6.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
    • 12.6.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMES
    • 12.6.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs
• 12.7 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON ANALYSIS
• 12.8 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
• 12.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
  • 12.9.1 DEALS
  • 12.9.2 EXPANSIONS

13 COMPANY PROFILES

• 13.1 KEY PLAYERS
  • 13.1.1 CARDOLITE CORPORATION
    • 13.1.1.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 13.1.1.3 MnM view
      • 13.1.1.3.1 Right to win
      • 13.1.1.3.2 Strategic choices
      • 13.1.1.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 13.1.2 GHW (VIETNAM) CO., LTD
    • 13.1.2.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 13.1.2.3 MnM view
      • 13.1.2.3.1 Right to win
      • 13.1.2.3.2 Strategic choices
      • 13.1.2.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 13.1.3 PALMER INTERNATIONAL
    • 13.1.3.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 13.1.3.3 Recent developments
      • 13.1.3.3.1 Deals
      • 13.1.3.3.2 Expansions
    • 13.1.3.4 MnM view
      • 13.1.3.4.1 Right to win
      • 13.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 13.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 13.1.4 LC BUFFALO CO. LTD.
    • 13.1.4.1 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 13.1.4.2 MnM view
      • 13.1.4.2.1 Right to win
      • 13.1.4.2.2 Strategic choices
      • 13.1.4.2.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 13.1.5 CAT LOI CASHEW OIL PRODUCTION & EXPORT JOINT STOCK COMPANY (CAT LOI)
    • 13.1.5.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 13.1.5.3 MnM view
      • 13.1.5.3.1 Right to win
      • 13.1.5.3.2 Strategic choices
      • 13.1.5.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 13.1.6 ZHEJIANG WANSHENG CO., LTD.
    • 13.1.6.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
  • 13.1.7 CASHEW CHEM INDIA
    • 13.1.7.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
  • 13.1.8 SRI DEVI GROUP
    • 13.1.8.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
  • 13.1.9 ADMARK POLYCOATS PVT. LTD.
    • 13.1.9.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
  • 13.1.10 GOLDEN CASHEW PRODUCTS PVT. LTD.
    • 13.1.10.1 Business overview
    • 13.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
• 13.2 OTHER PLAYERS
  • 13.2.1 PALADIN PAINTS & CHEMICALS PVT. LTD
  • 13.2.2 SATYA CASHEW CHEMICALS PRIVATE LIMITED
  • 13.2.3 K2P CHEMICALS
  • 13.2.4 ZANTYE AGRO INDUSTRIES
  • 13.2.5 SON CHAU CO.,LTD
  • 13.2.6 SHIVAM CASHEW INDUSTRY
  • 13.2.7 HUNG LOC PHAT CASHEW OIL CO. LTD.
  • 13.2.8 KUMARASAMY INDUSTRIES
  • 13.2.9 MIRAE GREEN CHEMICAL CO., LTD.
  • 13.2.10 VIKO BIOFUEL COMPANY LIMITED
  • 13.2.11 THINH DAI CHEMICAL
  • 13.2.12 PT COMEXTRA MAJORA
  • 13.2.13 CUONG THINH CASHEW OIL PRODUCTION COMPANY LIMITED
  • 13.2.14 CNSL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
  • 13.2.15 TAN LOC CASHEW OIL PRODUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

14 ADJACENT & RELATED MARKETS

• 14.1 INTRODUCTION
• 14.2 LIMITATIONS
• 14.3 COATING RESINS MARKET
  • 14.3.1 MARKET DEFINITION
  • 14.3.2 MARKET OVERVIEW
• 14.4 COATING RESINS MARKET, BY REGION
  • 14.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC
  • 14.4.2 NORTH AMERICA
  • 14.4.3 EUROPE
  • 14.4.4 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
  • 14.4.5 SOUTH AMERICA

15 APPENDIX

• 15.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
• 15.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
• 15.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
• 15.4 RELATED REPORTS
• 15.5 AUTHOR DETAILS