세계의 치과용 연부조직 재생 시장 예측(-2030년) : 제품 유형별, 용도별, 최종사용자별, 지역별

The dental soft-tissue regeneration market is projected to grow from USD 0.38 billion in 2025 to USD 0.53 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 6.8% during this period. This market has experienced significant growth due to several factors, including the rising incidence of periodontal diseases, increasing awareness of oral health, and the growing trend of cosmetic dentistry. Furthermore, initiatives to develop healthcare infrastructure in underdeveloped regions are driving the demand for more dental treatments and related products.

Additionally, advancements in regenerative biomaterials have also played a crucial role in the market's expansion.

"By product type, the collagen-based membranes segment accounted for the largest share of the dental soft-tissue regeneration market in 2024."

Based on product type, the collagen-based membranes segment is expected to dominate the dental soft-tissue regeneration market due to several factors. Collagen-based membranes act as barriers that guide tissue growth, supporting the healing of periodontal and implant-related defects. Additionally, these membranes can integrate with surrounding tissues and promote the growth of new connective tissue. Furthermore, innovations in regenerative biomaterials are also contributing to the growth of this market.

"By application, the implantology segment accounted for the largest share of the dental soft-tissue regeneration market in 2024."

The implantology segment is expected to hold the largest share of the dental soft-tissue regeneration market due to factors such as the growing aging population, increased awareness of oral health, and rising demand for cosmetic dentistry. Products like collagen membranes, soft-tissue grafts, and advanced bioactive materials are increasingly utilized to promote healing in peri-implant soft tissues. Additionally, innovations in soft-tissue regenerative solutions and heightened awareness of dental aesthetics further contribute to the growth of the dental soft-tissue regeneration market.

"By region, North America accounted for the largest share of the dental soft-tissue regeneration market."

Due to several factors, North America is expected to account for the largest share of the dental soft-tissue regeneration market during the forecast period. The region has advanced healthcare infrastructure and high healthcare expenditure rates, which drive the demand for sophisticated dental care treatments. Additionally, the significant increase in the geriatric population, who are more susceptible to periodontal diseases, accounts for a considerable portion of the treatments needed in North America.

Favorable government policies, reimbursement frameworks for dental care treatments, and high patient insurance coverage further encourage access to advanced dental care. Moreover, ongoing research and development in dental technologies and biomaterials support the expansion of this market in the region.

A breakdown of the primary participants (supply side) for the dental soft-tissue regeneration market referred to in this report is provided below:

• By Company Type: Tier 1 (35%), Tier 2 (40%), and Tier 3 (25%)
• By Designation: C-level Executives (45%), Director-level Executives (35%), and Others (20%)
• By Region: North America (27%), Europe (25%), Asia Pacific (30%), Latin America (8%), and the Middle East & Africa (10%)

Prominent players in the dental soft-tissue regeneration market are Geistlich Pharma AG (Switzerland), DENTSPLY Sirona (US), Institut Straumann AG (Switzerland), Zimvie Inc. (US), Henry Schein, Inc. (US), AbbVie Inc. (US), Advanced Medical Solutions Group Plc (UK), Tissue Regenix (UK), Septodont Holding (France), Medical Consult Implants GmbH (Germany), Meccellis (US), Regedent Ag (Switzerland), Regenity (US), Envista (US), AD Surgical (US), LifeNet Health (US), B. & B. Dental S.R.L. (Italy), Alpha-Bio Tec. Ltd. (Israel), Lasak S.R.O. (Czechia), KeystoneDentalGroup (US), Neoss AG (Switzerland), BEGO GmbH Co. KG (Germany), Biotech Dental (France), Samyang Holdings Corporation (South Korea), and RTI Surgical (US).

Research Coverage:

The report examines the dental soft-tissue regeneration market and seeks to estimate its market size and future growth potential across various segments, including product type, application, end user, and region. Additionally, the report features a competitive analysis of the key players in this market, including their company profiles, service offerings, recent developments, and key market strategies.

Reasons to Buy the Report

This report is designed to assist both market leaders and new entrants in the dental soft-tissue regeneration market by providing close estimates of revenue figures. It will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape, enabling them to better position their businesses and plan effective go-to-market strategies. Additionally, the report offers insights into the current trends in the market, including key drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

This report provides insights into the following pointers:

• Analysis of key drivers (rising prevalence of periodontal diseases, rising awareness and growing demand for cosmetic dentistry, advancements in biomaterials, and advancements in regenerative technology), restraints (inadequate reimbursement and high cost of dental services and dearth of trained dental practitioners), opportunities (consolidation of dental practices and rising DSO activity, growing focus on emerging economies and rising disposable income levels, and growing dental tourism in emerging countries), and challenges (pricing pressure faced by prominent market players, and stringent regulatory environment).
• Market Penetration: It contains comprehensive information on products offered by the key players in the global dental soft-tissue regeneration market. The report covers various segments, including product type, application, end user, and region.
• Product Enhancement/Innovation: Comprehensive details about new product launches and anticipated trends in the global dental soft-tissue regeneration market.
• Market Development: Thorough knowledge and analysis of the profitable rising markets by type, application, end user, and region.
• Market Diversification: Comprehensive information about newly launched products, expanding markets, current advancements, and investments in the global dental soft-tissue regeneration market.
• Competitive Assessment: Thorough evaluation of the market shares, growth plans, offerings of products, and capacities of the major competitors in the global dental soft-tissue regeneration market.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
• 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
• 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
  • 1.3.1 SEGMENTS CONSIDERED & GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD
  • 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS
  • 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
  • 1.3.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
• 1.4 STAKEHOLDERS

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
  • 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
    • 2.1.1.1 Key sources for secondary research
    • 2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources
  • 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
    • 2.1.2.1 Objectives of primary research
    • 2.1.2.2 Key data from primary sources
    • 2.1.2.3 Key industry insights
    • 2.1.2.4 Breakdown of primaries
• 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
  • 2.2.1 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS (REVENUE SHARE ANALYSIS)
  • 2.2.2 COMPANY PRESENTATIONS AND PRIMARY INTERVIEWS
  • 2.2.3 TOP-DOWN APPROACH (SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS)
• 2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION
• 2.4 MARKET SHARE ESTIMATION
• 2.5 STUDY ASSUMPTIONS
• 2.6 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
• 2.7 RISK ANALYSIS

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS

• 4.1 DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET OVERVIEW
• 4.2 ASIA PACIFIC: DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE AND COUNTRY (2024)
• 4.3 DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET: REGIONAL MIX
• 4.4 DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET: GEOGRAPHICAL GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
• 4.5 DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET: EMERGING VS. DEVELOPED MARKETS

5 MARKET OVERVIEW

• 5.1 INTRODUCTION
• 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
  • 5.2.1 DRIVERS
    • 5.2.1.1 Rising prevalence of periodontal diseases
    • 5.2.1.2 Growing demand for cosmetic dentistry
    • 5.2.1.3 Rising popularity of biodegradable biomaterials
    • 5.2.1.4 Advancements in regenerative technologies
  • 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
    • 5.2.2.1 Inadequate dental insurance reimbursements and high cost of dental services
    • 5.2.2.2 Dearth of trained dental practitioners
  • 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
    • 5.2.3.1 Introduction of dental service organizations and consolidation of dental practices
    • 5.2.3.2 Growth opportunities in emerging economies
    • 5.2.3.3 Increasing popularity of dental tourism in emerging countries
  • 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
    • 5.2.4.1 Pricing pressure and increased market competition
    • 5.2.4.2 Stringent regulatory environment
• 5.3 INDUSTRY TRENDS
  • 5.3.1 ADVANCEMENTS IN DIGITAL DENTISTRY
  • 5.3.2 INCREASED NUMBER OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE DENTAL PROCEDURES
• 5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
• 5.5 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
  • 5.5.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.5.1.1 3D bioprinting
  • 5.5.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.5.2.1 Laser-assisted technology
  • 5.5.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.5.3.1 Advanced biomaterials
• 5.6 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
  • 5.6.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
  • 5.6.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
  • 5.6.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
  • 5.6.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
  • 5.6.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
• 5.7 KEY STAKEHOLDERS & BUYING CRITERIA
  • 5.7.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
  • 5.7.2 KEY BUYING CRITERIA
• 5.8 REGULATORY ANALYSIS
  • 5.8.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • 5.8.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
    • 5.8.2.1 North America
      • 5.8.2.1.1 US
    • 5.8.2.2 Europe
    • 5.8.2.3 Asia Pacific
      • 5.8.2.3.1 India
      • 5.8.2.3.2 China
      • 5.8.2.3.3 Japan
• 5.9 PATENT ANALYSIS
  • 5.9.1 KEY PATENTS GRANTED
• 5.10 TRADE ANALYSIS
  • 5.10.1 IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 300640
  • 5.10.2 EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 300640
• 5.11 PRICING ANALYSIS
  • 5.11.1 INDICATIVE SELLING PRICE OF DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION PRODUCTS, BY KEY PLAYER, 2022-2024
  • 5.11.2 INDICATIVE SELLING PRICE OF DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION PRODUCTS, BY REGION, 2022-2024
• 5.12 KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS, 2024-2025
• 5.13 UNMET NEEDS/END-USER EXPECTATIONS
• 5.14 ADJACENT MARKET ANALYSIS
• 5.15 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
• 5.16 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
  • 5.16.1 GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION BETWEEN NATURAL TOOTH AND IMPLANT WITH OSSIX PLUS
  • 5.16.2 ENAMEL MATRIX DERIVATIVE FOR SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION
  • 5.16.3 APPLICATION OF HARD- AND SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATIVE APPROACH IN PREDICTABLE MANAGEMENT OF PERI-IMPLANTITIS
• 5.17 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
• 5.18 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS' BUSINESSES
• 5.19 INVESTMENT & FUNDING SCENARIO
• 5.20 REIMBURSEMENT SCENARIO ANALYSIS
• 5.21 IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI ON DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET
• 5.22 PREVALENCE OF GINGIVAL DISEASES, BY KEY REGION, 2024
• 5.23 TOTAL NUMBER OF SURGERIES, BY KEY REGION, 2024
• 5.24 IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFF ON DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET
  • 5.24.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 5.24.2 KEY TARIFF RATES
  • 5.24.3 PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS
  • 5.24.4 IMPACT ON COUNTRY/REGION
    • 5.24.4.1 North America
      • 5.24.4.1.1 US
    • 5.24.4.2 Europe
    • 5.24.4.3 Asia Pacific
  • 5.24.5 IMPACT ON END-USE INDUSTRIES

6 DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE

• 6.1 INTRODUCTION
• 6.2 COLLAGEN-BASED MEMBRANES
  • 6.2.1 POTENTIAL TO ENHANCE DENTAL TISSUE REGENERATION TO DRIVE MARKET
• 6.3 AUTOGRAFTS
  • 6.3.1 HIGH COMPATIBILITY AND REDUCED INFECTION RISKS TO DRIVE MARKET
• 6.4 SYNTHETIC BIOMATERIALS
  • 6.4.1 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN BIOMATERIALS TO FUEL MARKET GROWTH
• 6.5 OTHER PRODUCT TYPES

7 DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET, BY APPLICATION

• 7.1 INTRODUCTION
• 7.2 IMPLANTOLOGY
  • 7.2.1 GROWING NEED FOR IMPLANT-SUPPORTED SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION TO DRIVE MARKET
• 7.3 PERIODONTOLOGY
  • 7.3.1 INCREASING PREVALENCE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES TO FAVOR MARKET GROWTH
• 7.4 OTHER APPLICATIONS

8 DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET, BY END USER

• 8.1 INTRODUCTION
• 8.2 DENTAL HOSPITALS
  • 8.2.1 GROWING AWARENESS OF ORAL HEALTH TO BOOST MARKET
• 8.3 DSOS & INDEPENDENT CLINICS
  • 8.3.1 ADVANCEMENTS IN DENTAL CARE TO DRIVE DEMAND
• 8.4 ACADEMIC & RESEARCH INSTITUTES
  • 8.4.1 DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED DENTAL SOLUTIONS TO BOOST MARKET GROWTH

9 DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET, BY REGION

• 9.1 INTRODUCTION
• 9.2 NORTH AMERICA
  • 9.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR NORTH AMERICA
  • 9.2.2 US
    • 9.2.2.1 US to dominate North American dental soft-tissue regeneration market
  • 9.2.3 CANADA
    • 9.2.3.1 Stringent regulatory compliance to support market growth
• 9.3 EUROPE
  • 9.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR EUROPE
  • 9.3.2 GERMANY
    • 9.3.2.1 Germany accounted for the largest share of European dental soft-tissue regeneration market in 2024
  • 9.3.3 UK
    • 9.3.3.1 Rising number of geriatric patients to drive market
  • 9.3.4 FRANCE
    • 9.3.4.1 Well-established healthcare system to drive market
  • 9.3.5 SPAIN
    • 9.3.5.1 Favorable government initiatives for providing dental coverage to support market growth
  • 9.3.6 ITALY
    • 9.3.6.1 Increasing penetration of dental products to drive market growth
  • 9.3.7 REST OF EUROPE
• 9.4 ASIA PACIFIC
  • 9.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ASIA PACIFIC
  • 9.4.2 JAPAN
    • 9.4.2.1 Rising geriatric population to support market growth
  • 9.4.3 CHINA
    • 9.4.3.1 Growing geriatric population and increasing per capita income to support market growth
  • 9.4.4 INDIA
    • 9.4.4.1 Growing dental care sector to fuel market growth
  • 9.4.5 AUSTRALIA
    • 9.4.5.1 Growing healthcare expenditure to aid market growth
  • 9.4.6 SOUTH KOREA
    • 9.4.6.1 Well-developed healthcare sector to drive market
  • 9.4.7 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
• 9.5 LATIN AMERICA
  • 9.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR LATIN AMERICA
  • 9.5.2 BRAZIL
    • 9.5.2.1 Brazil to hold largest share in Latin American market
  • 9.5.3 MEXICO
    • 9.5.3.1 Increasing healthcare infrastructure to propel market growth
  • 9.5.4 ARGENTINA
    • 9.5.4.1 Advancements in dental technology to spur growth
  • 9.5.5 REST OF LATIN AMERICA
• 9.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
  • 9.6.1 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH
  • 9.6.2 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
• 9.7 GCC COUNTRIES
  • 9.7.1 RISING DISPOSABLE INCOMES TO DRIVE MARKET GROWTH
  • 9.7.2 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR GCC COUNTRIES

10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

• 10.1 INTRODUCTION
• 10.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGY/RIGHT TO WIN
  • 10.2.1 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PLAYERS IN DENTAL SOFT-TISSUE REGENERATION MARKET
• 10.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2019-2023
• 10.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024
• 10.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
  • 10.5.1 STARS
  • 10.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS
  • 10.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
  • 10.5.4 PARTICIPANTS
  • 10.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
    • 10.5.5.1 Company footprint
    • 10.5.5.2 Region footprint
    • 10.5.5.3 Product footprint
    • 10.5.5.4 Application footprint
    • 10.5.5.5 End-user footprint
• 10.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
  • 10.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
  • 10.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
  • 10.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
  • 10.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS
  • 10.6.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
    • 10.6.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs
    • 10.6.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of startups/SMEs, by product type
    • 10.6.5.3 Competitive benchmarking of startups/SMEs, by region
• 10.7 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
• 10.8 R&D EXPENDITURE OF KEY PLAYERS
• 10.9 COMPANY VALUATION & FINANCIAL METRICS
  • 10.9.1 FINANCIAL METRICS
  • 10.9.2 COMPANY VALUATION
• 10.10 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
  • 10.10.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
  • 10.10.2 DEALS
  • 10.10.3 EXPANSIONS

11 COMPANY PROFILES

• 11.1 KEY PLAYERS
  • 11.1.1 GEISTLICH PHARMA AG
    • 11.1.1.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.1.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.1.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.1.3.1 Deals
      • 11.1.1.3.2 Expansions
    • 11.1.1.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.1.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.2 INSTITUT STRAUMANN AG
    • 11.1.2.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.2.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.2.3 MnM view
      • 11.1.2.3.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.2.3.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.2.3.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.3 HENRY SCHEIN, INC.
    • 11.1.3.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.3.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.3.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.3.3.1 Deals
    • 11.1.3.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.3.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.4 ENVISTA
    • 11.1.4.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.4.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.4.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.4.3.1 Deals
    • 11.1.4.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.4.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.5 ZIMVIE INC.
    • 11.1.5.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.5.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.5.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.5.3.1 Deals
    • 11.1.5.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.5.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.6 DENTSPLY SIRONA INC.
    • 11.1.6.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.6.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.6.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.6.3.1 Product launches
      • 11.1.6.3.2 Deals
  • 11.1.7 ABBVIE INC.
    • 11.1.7.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.7.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.7.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.7.3.1 Expansions
  • 11.1.8 ADVANCED MEDICAL SOLUTIONS GROUP PLC
    • 11.1.8.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.8.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.8.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.8.3.1 Deals
  • 11.1.9 TISSUE REGENIX
    • 11.1.9.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.9.2 Products offered
  • 11.1.10 SEPTODONT HOLDING
    • 11.1.10.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.10.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.10.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.10.3.1 Deals
  • 11.1.11 MEDICAL CONSULT IMPLANTS GMBH
    • 11.1.11.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.11.2 Products offered
  • 11.1.12 MECCELLIS BIOTECH
    • 11.1.12.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.12.2 Products offered
  • 11.1.13 REGEDENT AG
    • 11.1.13.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.13.2 Products offered
  • 11.1.14 REGENITY
    • 11.1.14.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.14.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.14.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.14.3.1 Deals
  • 11.1.15 AD SURGICAL
    • 11.1.15.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.15.2 Products offered
• 11.2 OTHER PLAYERS
  • 11.2.1 LIFENET HEALTH
  • 11.2.2 B. & B. DENTAL S.R.L.
  • 11.2.3 ALPHA-BIO TEC. LTD.
  • 11.2.4 LASAK S.R.O.
  • 11.2.5 KEYSTONE DENTAL GROUP
  • 11.2.6 NEOSS AG
  • 11.2.7 BEGO GMBH & CO. KG
  • 11.2.8 BIOTECH DENTAL
  • 11.2.9 SAMYANG HOLDINGS CORPORATION
  • 11.2.10 RTI SURGICAL

12 APPENDIX

• 12.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
• 12.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
• 12.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
• 12.4 RELATED REPORTS
• 12.5 AUTHOR DETAILS