1차 전지 : 시장 점유율 분석, 업계 동향 및 통계, 성장 예측(2026-2031년)

According to Mordor Intelligence, the primary battery market size is estimated at USD 21.20 billion in 2026, and is expected to reach USD 30.22 billion by 2031, at a CAGR of 7.35% during the forecast period (2026-2031).

This report is Segmented by Type (Alkaline, Primary Lithium, Zinc-Air, Zinc-Carbon/Chloride, and Silver-Oxide and Others), Form Factor (Cylindrical, Coin and Button Cells, Prismatic/Packaged, and Others), Application (Consumer Electronics, Industrial and OEM, IoT Sensors and Smart-Infrastructure, and More), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle East and Africa).

Global Primary Battery Market Trends and Insights

Surging Demand from Smart-Home & IoT Single-Use Sensors

LoRaWAN networks surpassed 125 million connected devices in 2024, growing 25% year over year, and most of these endpoints, such as door, leak, and occupancy sensors, are engineered for up to 10 years of operation on a single AA or coin-cell. Deployers avoid the USD 15-30 per node expense of adding recharging infrastructure, keeping the total cost of ownership low. Wi-Fi HaLow chipsets from multiple vendors promise a decade of runtime on two AA alkaline cells, which enables retrofits in commercial buildings without wiring for power. Although the GSM Association expects 1.1 billion ambient IoT devices by 2030, roughly 473 million units will still rely on primary batteries in locations that lack sufficient light for energy harvesting. Supercapacitors specified in ITU-T L.1310 offer hundreds of thousands of cycles but only fleeting backup time, confirming their complementary, not substitutive, role against long-duration primary chemistries.

Rapid Growth of Off-Grid Medical Devices in Emerging Markets

The World Health Organization reported in 2024 that facilities serving 1 billion people in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia still lack reliable electricity, spurring adoption of pulse oximeters, portable ultrasound units, and vaccine monitors powered by primary lithium cells that deliver a decade-long shelf life. Solar-plus-storage microgrids financed by multilateral banks often reserve these cells for low-drain instrumentation where the cost of battery-management systems outweighs the price of periodic replacement. Global shipments of wearable medical devices reached 556.5 million units in mid-2025, 18% of which require silver-oxide or lithium coin cells to meet strict volumetric-energy-density needs. Zinc-air button cells remain dominant in hearing aids because they deliver 1.4 V and up to 650 mAh in tiny housings that rechargeable options cannot match without sacrificing comfort.

Competition from Secondary Batteries & Super-Capacitors

Rechargeable lithium-ion captured 83% of global battery capacity in 2025, pushing pack prices below USD 100 per kWh and eroding primary share in peripherals, speakers, and grooming devices. Despite energy-density limits, supercapacitors boasting 500,000-plus cycles are gaining ground in telecom backup, though they cannot supply multi-year, low-drain power. Nickel-metal-hydride AA cells continue to replace alkaline primaries in mid-drain consumer gear, while counterfeit alkaline imports further depress prices and compromise safety.

Other drivers and restraints analyzed in the detailed report include:

1. Expansion of Defense Portable Electronics Budgets
2. Shift Toward Mercury-Free Chemistries & Green Purchasing Mandates
3. Extended Producer Responsibility Fees Inflating Costs

For complete list of drivers and restraints, kindly check the Table Of Contents.

Segment Analysis

Primary lithium variants are projected to post a 9.5% CAGR between 2026 and 2031, the quickest within the primary battery market, as industrial metering and defense communications migrate to cells that operate from -40 °C to +85 °C at 3.0-3.6 V per cell. Conversely, alkaline held 63.5% revenue share in 2025 thanks to ubiquitous retail distribution. Zinc-air dominates hearing aids with 1.4-V output and up to 650 mAh capacity, while silver-oxide button cells sustain premium pricing in precision watches and glucose monitors. Recent U.S. import data show manganese-ore volumes escalating as manufacturers hedge against Chinese refining dominance.

Alkaline incumbents defend share through materials science: Panasonic's EVOLTA NEO uses high-purity manganese dioxide with titanium additives to deliver 1.3 times longer runtime. Meanwhile, nickel-zinc variants remain niche due to limited shelf life. Zinc-carbon cells persist in price-sensitive segments but are losing ground as alkaline approaches price parity, reinforcing the gradual premiumization of the primary battery market.

Complete Report Scope:

• By Type
  • Alkaline
  • Primary Lithium (Li-MnO2, Li-SOCl2, Li-CFx)
  • Zinc-Air
  • Zinc-Carbon/Chloride
  • Silver-Oxide and Others
• By Form Factor
  • Cylindrical (AA, AAA, C, D)
  • Coin and Button Cells
  • Prismatic/Packaged
  • Others (Special shapes)
• By Application
  • Consumer Electronics
  • Industrial and OEM
  • Medical and Healthcare
  • Defence and Aerospace
  • IoT Sensors and Smart-Infrastructure
• By Geography
  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • United Kingdom
    • Germany
    • France
    • Spain
    • NORDIC Countries
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • South Korea
    • ASEAN Countries
    • Australia and New Zealand
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle East and Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • United Arab Emirates
    • South Africa
    • Egypt
    • Rest of Middle East and Africa

Geography Analysis

Asia-Pacific commanded 46.1% of revenue in 2025, reflecting China's vertically integrated cost leadership across manganese dioxide refining, zinc powder production, and cell assembly. India's Production-Linked Incentive scheme earmarked 18 GWh of battery capacity, largely for lithium-ion EV packs, leaving primary cell output concentrated in smaller domestic plants. Japan's Nishikinohama factory, ramped up in late 2023, produces 48 million alkaline cells monthly, providing a non-Chinese source for premium EVOLTA NEO products. Emerging ASEAN hubs, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia, are attracting coin-cell assembly for hearing aids, leveraging low labor costs and supply-chain proximity.

The Middle East & Africa region is expected to post a 9.0% CAGR to 2031, driven by decentralized-energy programs. The World Bank estimates 640-650 million people in sub-Saharan Africa still lack grid power, prompting solar-plus-microgrid deployments that reserve primary batteries for low-drain monitoring. South Africa's 360 MW battery tender in 2024, and its 1,200 MW pipeline, principally features rechargeable chemistries for long-duration discharge, leaving primary cells in peripheral telemetry roles. Counterfeit batteries remain pervasive, undermining safety and eroding legitimate brand share.

North America and Europe are consolidating around premium niches. Energizer received USD 112.4 million in Section 45X credits in fiscal 2025, underpinning domestic production. Its May 2025 purchase of Advanced Power Solutions NV added Polish capacity, albeit at a short-term margin cost. EU EPR mandates continue to lift compliance expenses, which established players can absorb more readily than new entrants. South American growth centers on Brazil and Argentina as e-commerce unlocks rural demand, though logistics obstacles in the Amazon and Patagonia impede deeper penetration.

1. Duracell Inc.
2. Energizer Holdings Inc.
3. Panasonic Energy Co., Ltd.
4. GP Batteries International Ltd.
5. Saft (TotalEnergies)
6. Ultralife Corporation
7. FDK Corporation
8. Varta AG
9. Maxell Holdings, Ltd.
10. Sony (Murata Energy)
11. Rayovac (Spectrum Brands)
12. Fujitsu Batteries
13. Camelion Battery Co., Ltd.
14. Philips Lighting (Signify)
15. Zhejiang Mustang Battery
16. EVE Energy Co., Ltd.
17. Tianqiu (T&E)
18. Renata SA (Swatch Group)
19. Xiamen 3-Circle Battery
20. Tenergy Corporation

Additional Benefits:

• The market estimate (ME) sheet in Excel format
• 3 months of analyst support

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Study Assumptions & Market Definition
• 1.2 Scope of the Study

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Market Landscape

• 4.1 Market Overview
• 4.2 Market Drivers
  • 4.2.1 Surging demand from smart-home & IoT single-use sensors
  • 4.2.2 Rapid growth of off-grid medical devices in emerging markets
  • 4.2.3 Expansion of defence portable electronics budgets
  • 4.2.4 Shift toward mercury-free chemistries & green purchasing mandates
  • 4.2.5 Mainstream consumer-electronics replacement cycle
  • 4.2.6 E-commerce penetration widening retail reach
• 4.3 Market Restraints
  • 4.3.1 Competition from secondary batteries & super-capacitors
  • 4.3.2 Extended Producer-Responsibility (EPR) fees inflating costs
  • 4.3.3 Raw-material price volatility (zinc, lithium, manganese)
  • 4.3.4 Counterfeit battery inflow in Asia & Africa
• 4.4 Supply-Chain Analysis
• 4.5 Regulatory Landscape
• 4.6 Technological Outlook
• 4.7 Porter's Five Forces
  • 4.7.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 4.7.2 Bargaining Power of Consumers
  • 4.7.3 Threat of New Entrants
  • 4.7.4 Threat of Substitutes
  • 4.7.5 Competitive Rivalry

5 Market Size & Growth Forecasts

• 5.1 By Type
  • 5.1.1 Alkaline
  • 5.1.2 Primary Lithium (Li-MnO2, Li-SOCl2, Li-CFx)
  • 5.1.3 Zinc-Air
  • 5.1.4 Zinc-Carbon/Chloride
  • 5.1.5 Silver-Oxide and Others
• 5.2 By Form Factor
  • 5.2.1 Cylindrical (AA, AAA, C, D)
  • 5.2.2 Coin and Button Cells
  • 5.2.3 Prismatic/Packaged
  • 5.2.4 Others (Special shapes)
• 5.3 By Application
  • 5.3.1 Consumer Electronics
  • 5.3.2 Industrial and OEM
  • 5.3.3 Medical and Healthcare
  • 5.3.4 Defence and Aerospace
  • 5.3.5 IoT Sensors and Smart-Infrastructure
• 5.4 By Geography
  • 5.4.1 North America
    • 5.4.1.1 United States
    • 5.4.1.2 Canada
    • 5.4.1.3 Mexico
  • 5.4.2 Europe
    • 5.4.2.1 United Kingdom
    • 5.4.2.2 Germany
    • 5.4.2.3 France
    • 5.4.2.4 Spain
    • 5.4.2.5 NORDIC Countries
    • 5.4.2.6 Russia
    • 5.4.2.7 Rest of Europe
  • 5.4.3 Asia-Pacific
    • 5.4.3.1 China
    • 5.4.3.2 India
    • 5.4.3.3 Japan
    • 5.4.3.4 South Korea
    • 5.4.3.5 ASEAN Countries
    • 5.4.3.6 Australia and New Zealand
    • 5.4.3.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 5.4.4 South America
    • 5.4.4.1 Brazil
    • 5.4.4.2 Argentina
    • 5.4.4.3 Colombia
    • 5.4.4.4 Rest of South America
  • 5.4.5 Middle East and Africa
    • 5.4.5.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 5.4.5.2 United Arab Emirates
    • 5.4.5.3 South Africa
    • 5.4.5.4 Egypt
    • 5.4.5.5 Rest of Middle East and Africa

6 Competitive Landscape

• 6.1 Market Concentration
• 6.2 Strategic Moves (M&A, Partnerships, PPAs)
• 6.3 Market Share Analysis (Market Rank/Share for key companies)
• 6.4 Company Profiles (includes Global level Overview, Market level overview, Core Segments, Financials as available, Strategic Information, Products & Services, and Recent Developments)
  • 6.4.1 Duracell Inc.
  • 6.4.2 Energizer Holdings Inc.
  • 6.4.3 Panasonic Energy Co., Ltd.
  • 6.4.4 GP Batteries International Ltd.
  • 6.4.5 Saft (TotalEnergies)
  • 6.4.6 Ultralife Corporation
  • 6.4.7 FDK Corporation
  • 6.4.8 Varta AG
  • 6.4.9 Maxell Holdings, Ltd.
  • 6.4.10 Sony (Murata Energy)
  • 6.4.11 Rayovac (Spectrum Brands)
  • 6.4.12 Fujitsu Batteries
  • 6.4.13 Camelion Battery Co., Ltd.
  • 6.4.14 Philips Lighting (Signify)
  • 6.4.15 Zhejiang Mustang Battery
  • 6.4.16 EVE Energy Co., Ltd.
  • 6.4.17 Tianqiu (T&E)
  • 6.4.18 Renata SA (Swatch Group)
  • 6.4.19 Xiamen 3-Circle Battery
  • 6.4.20 Tenergy Corporation

7 Market Opportunities & Future Outlook

• 7.1 White-space & Unmet-need Assessment