배터리 재활용 : 시장 점유율 분석, 업계 동향과 통계, 성장 예측(2026-2031년)

According to Mordor Intelligence, the battery recycling market size is expected to grow from USD 27.39 billion in 2025 to USD 30.05 billion in 2026 and is forecast to reach USD 50.36 billion by 2031 at 10.88% CAGR over 2026-2031.

This report is Segmented by Battery Chemistry (Lead-Acid, Lithium-Ion, and More), Source of Scrap (Automotive, and More), Recycling Technology (Hydrometallurgical, Pyrometallurgical, and More), Process Stage (Material Refining and Recovery, and More), Application of Recovered Materials (Cathode Active Materials, and More), End-User Industry (Automotive, and More) and Geography (Asia-Pacifica, and More).

Global Battery Recycling Market Trends and Insights

EV penetration surge

Global battery-electric and plug-in hybrid sales passed 14 million units in 2024, embedding roughly 1.1 TWh of lithium-ion capacity that will reach end-of-life after 2032, creating a predictable feedstock wave. Tesla recovered 92% of critical minerals from retired packs at its Nevada facility, proving technical feasibility at scale. China projects 12 million t of retired lithium-ion cells by 2030, triple the current global recycling capacity. Europe's tightening fleet-average CO2 limits accelerate EV adoption and bring first-generation packs into dismantling networks earlier. The lag between sales and retirements compresses the window for recyclers to build capacity and secure offtake agreements with cathode makers.

Global End-of-Life Battery Regulations Tighten

The EU Battery Regulation requires 16% recycled cobalt, 6% recycled lithium, and 6% recycled nickel in new EV batteries by 2031, with steeper thresholds by 2036. China's 2024 extended-producer-responsibility rules oblige automakers to finance collection networks and reach 85% lithium-ion recovery, alongside penalties up to CNY 500,000 per violation. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed a stewardship framework in 2025 that would impose producer fees on cells lacking certified recycling pathways. India's draft EPR rules target 70% collection by 2028 but lack enforcement clarity. These policies reduce revenue volatility for recyclers but fragment supply chains across jurisdictions.

High Capex / Opex of Recycling Plants

A 20,000 t y hydrometallurgical facility requires USD 180-250 million, with reactors and solvent-extraction trains comprising 60% of the installed cost. Operating expenses range USD 1,800-2,400 t input, driven by acid consumption and wastewater treatment. Li-Cycle's Rochester Hub budget ballooned from USD 485 million to USD 960 million by mid-2024, exposing cost-overrun risk. Smaller firms in emerging markets face debt costs of 18-22%, widening the infrastructure gap.

Other drivers and restraints analyzed in the detailed report include:

1. Critical-Metal Price Inflation
2. OEM ESG & Circular-Economy Mandates
3. Patchy Collection Logistics in Emerging Markets

For complete list of drivers and restraints, kindly check the Table Of Contents.

Segment Analysis

Lead-acid retained 70.9% of 2025 revenue as nearly 99% of spent units are collected in developed markets and recycled through established smelters. Lithium-ion's 23.9% CAGR signals where the battery recycling market is pivoting; International Energy Agency data show 1.8 million t of lithium-ion scrap annually by 2030, creating an addressable battery recycling market size surge. Incumbent lead-acid recyclers are modernizing pyro lines, while new entrants finance hydrometallurgical hubs to capture upcoming lithium-rich flows. Redwood Materials processed 18,000 t of lithium-ion scrap in 2024, confirming commercial momentum.

The battery recycling market is therefore split: lead-acid offers stable, low-growth cash flows; lithium-ion offers high-growth, technology-intensive upside. Competitive advantage will hinge on securing EV-derived feedstock ahead of the post-2028 inflection and on achieving metal-recovery rates above 90% to satisfy automaker specifications.

Automotive batteries supplied 58.5% of 2025 throughput, reflecting large lead-acid replacement volumes and early EV retirements such as 2013-16 Nissan Leaf packs. Consumer electronics scrap is expanding 20.5% CAGR as device lifecycles shorten; however, sub-40% collection rates reveal upside for policy-driven capture programs. Manufacturing scrap delivers high-purity feedstock and turns inventory within 45 days at CATL's Ningde campus, improving working capital compared with post-consumer flows.

Rapid consumer electronics growth ensures the battery recycling market continues diversifying feedstock, reducing reliance on automotive volumes, and improving blended margins as clean manufacturing scrap offsets lower-grade household batteries.

Complete Report Scope:

• By Battery Chemistry
  • Lead-acid
  • Lithium-ion (NMC, LFP, NCA, LMO)
  • Nickel-based
  • Other chemistries (Zn-air, Sodium-ion etc.)
• By Source of Scrap
  • Automotive Batteries
  • Consumer Electronics Batteries
  • Industrial and ESS Batteries
  • Manufacturing Scrap
• By Recycling Technology
  • Hydrometallurgical
  • Pyrometallurgical
  • Direct/Mechanical
  • Hybrid and Emerging (Bio/ Electro-chemical)
• By Process Stage
  • Collection and Logistics
  • Dismantling and Discharge
  • Mechanical Shredding/Sorting
  • Black-Mass Production
  • Material Refining and Recovery
• By Application of Recovered Materials
  • Cathode Active Materials
  • Anode/Graphite
  • Battery-grade Lithium Compounds
  • Cobalt and Nickel Salts
  • Manganese
  • Others (Cu, Al)
• By End-user Industry
  • Automotive
  • Marine
  • Power and Energy Storage
  • Consumer Electronics
  • Others
• By Geography
  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • France
    • Spain
    • NORDIC Countries
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • South Korea
    • ASEAN Countries
    • Australia and New Zealand
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle East and Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • United Arab Emirates
    • South Africa
    • Egypt
    • Rest of Middle East and Africa

Geography Analysis

Asia-Pacific captured 52.4% of 2025 revenue, led by China's vertically integrated ecosystem where recycler-gigafactory clusters reach 88-92% metal-recovery through hydro routes. The national battery passport, launched in 2024, tags every cell for traceability, cutting contamination by 15-18%. Japan processed 68,000 t of NiMH and lithium-ion scrap, recovering rare-earth elements at Toyota-Sumitomo's Onahama smelter. South Korea's fee-backed EPR scheme lifted lithium-ion recovery to 72% by end-2025. India has 42,000 t capacity, but informal dismantlers still siphon 60% of volumes.

North America is the fastest-growing region at 21.3% CAGR. Section 45X provides a USD 10 kWh production credit for recycled material, and Section 30D requires 50% battery value from North America or FTA partners by 2026. Redwood Materials is investing USD 3.5 billion in a 100 GWh cathode-anode campus, with 30% recycled feedstock. Li-Cycle's Rochester Hub secured a USD 475 million DOE loan guarantee, targeting late-2026 commissioning. Canada earmarked CAD 1.5 billion for recycling infrastructure, with Glencore and Electra expanding hydrometallurgy in Quebec and Ontario.

Europe's share is also increasing at a high rate, driven by rNorthvolt'stent strong mandates. Northvolt's Revolt facility achieved 95% lithium, nickel, and cobalt recovery at 8,000 t throughput and targets 125,000 t/y by 2030. Germany granted EUR 200 million to Duesenfeld and Accurec for 50,000 tFrance'sd hydro capacity. France's Veolia-Solvay JV will build a 15,000 t plant in ACC 'sirk, co-located with ACC's gigafactory. South America and MEA combined for share, limited to Brazil's network and South Africa's Eco-Bat smelter; large-scale lithium-ion projects await higher EV penetration.

1. Umicore SA
2. Glencore PLC
3. Brunp Recycling (CATL)
4. GEM Co., Ltd.
5. Li-Cycle Holdings Corp.
6. Redwood Materials Inc.
7. Ascend Elements (Battery Resources)
8. Ecobat
9. American Battery Technology Co. (ABTC)
10. RecycLiCo Battery Materials
11. Retriev Technologies Inc.
12. Cirba Solutions
13. Duesenfeld GmbH
14. TES-AMM Pte Ltd.
15. Recupyl SAS
16. Raw Materials Company Inc.
17. Glencore-Li-Cycle Portovesme JV
18. Ganfeng Lithium Co., Ltd.
19. Eramet-Suez JV (Recyclage Batteries)
20. InoBat-Minerals JV

Additional Benefits:

• The market estimate (ME) sheet in Excel format
• 3 months of analyst support

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Study Assumptions & Market Definition
• 1.2 Scope of the Study

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Market Landscape

• 4.1 Market Overview
• 4.2 Market Drivers
  • 4.2.1 Accelerating wave of EV battery retirements
  • 4.2.2 Tightening global EPR & EU Battery Regulation mandates
  • 4.2.3 Raw-material price inflation spurring closed-loop supply chains
  • 4.2.4 Step-change yields from next-gen hydro & direct recycling
  • 4.2.5 OEM design-for-recycling battery packs reducing dismantling cost
  • 4.2.6 Emergence of liquid "black-mass" spot markets
• 4.3 Market Restraints
  • 4.3.1 Volatile metal prices & high reverse-logistics costs
  • 4.3.2 Safety & haz-mat compliance in high-voltage collection
  • 4.3.3 Regional over-capacity creating feedstock scarcity risk
  • 4.3.4 Low intrinsic value of LFP chemistries
• 4.4 Supply-Chain Analysis
• 4.5 Regulatory Landscape
• 4.6 Technological Outlook
• 4.7 Porter's Five Forces
  • 4.7.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 4.7.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • 4.7.3 Threat of New Entrants
  • 4.7.4 Threat of Substitutes
  • 4.7.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

5 Market Size & Growth Forecasts

• 5.1 By Battery Chemistry
  • 5.1.1 Lead-acid
  • 5.1.2 Lithium-ion (NMC, LFP, NCA, LMO)
  • 5.1.3 Nickel-based
  • 5.1.4 Other chemistries (Zn-air, Sodium-ion etc.)
• 5.2 By Source of Scrap
  • 5.2.1 Automotive Batteries
  • 5.2.2 Consumer Electronics Batteries
  • 5.2.3 Industrial and ESS Batteries
  • 5.2.4 Manufacturing Scrap
• 5.3 By Recycling Technology
  • 5.3.1 Hydrometallurgical
  • 5.3.2 Pyrometallurgical
  • 5.3.3 Direct/Mechanical
  • 5.3.4 Hybrid and Emerging (Bio/ Electro-chemical)
• 5.4 By Process Stage
  • 5.4.1 Collection and Logistics
  • 5.4.2 Dismantling and Discharge
  • 5.4.3 Mechanical Shredding/Sorting
  • 5.4.4 Black-Mass Production
  • 5.4.5 Material Refining and Recovery
• 5.5 By Application of Recovered Materials
  • 5.5.1 Cathode Active Materials
  • 5.5.2 Anode/Graphite
  • 5.5.3 Battery-grade Lithium Compounds
  • 5.5.4 Cobalt and Nickel Salts
  • 5.5.5 Manganese
  • 5.5.6 Others (Cu, Al)
• 5.6 By End-user Industry
  • 5.6.1 Automotive
  • 5.6.2 Marine
  • 5.6.3 Power and Energy Storage
  • 5.6.4 Consumer Electronics
  • 5.6.5 Others
• 5.7 By Geography
  • 5.7.1 North America
    • 5.7.1.1 United States
    • 5.7.1.2 Canada
    • 5.7.1.3 Mexico
  • 5.7.2 Europe
    • 5.7.2.1 Germany
    • 5.7.2.2 United Kingdom
    • 5.7.2.3 Italy
    • 5.7.2.4 France
    • 5.7.2.5 Spain
    • 5.7.2.6 NORDIC Countries
    • 5.7.2.7 Russia
    • 5.7.2.8 Rest of Europe
  • 5.7.3 Asia-Pacific
    • 5.7.3.1 China
    • 5.7.3.2 India
    • 5.7.3.3 Japan
    • 5.7.3.4 South Korea
    • 5.7.3.5 ASEAN Countries
    • 5.7.3.6 Australia and New Zealand
    • 5.7.3.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 5.7.4 South America
    • 5.7.4.1 Brazil
    • 5.7.4.2 Argentina
    • 5.7.4.3 Colombia
    • 5.7.4.4 Rest of South America
  • 5.7.5 Middle East and Africa
    • 5.7.5.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 5.7.5.2 United Arab Emirates
    • 5.7.5.3 South Africa
    • 5.7.5.4 Egypt
    • 5.7.5.5 Rest of Middle East and Africa

6 Competitive Landscape

• 6.1 Market Concentration
• 6.2 Strategic Moves (M&A, Partnerships, PPAs)
• 6.3 Market Share Analysis (Market Rank/Share for key companies)
• 6.4 Company Profiles (includes Global level Overview, Market level overview, Core Segments, Financials as available, Strategic Information, Products & Services, and Recent Developments)
  • 6.4.1 Umicore SA
  • 6.4.2 Glencore PLC
  • 6.4.3 Brunp Recycling (CATL)
  • 6.4.4 GEM Co., Ltd.
  • 6.4.5 Li-Cycle Holdings Corp.
  • 6.4.6 Redwood Materials Inc.
  • 6.4.7 Ascend Elements (Battery Resources)
  • 6.4.8 Ecobat
  • 6.4.9 American Battery Technology Co. (ABTC)
  • 6.4.10 RecycLiCo Battery Materials
  • 6.4.11 Retriev Technologies Inc.
  • 6.4.12 Cirba Solutions
  • 6.4.13 Duesenfeld GmbH
  • 6.4.14 TES-AMM Pte Ltd.
  • 6.4.15 Recupyl SAS
  • 6.4.16 Raw Materials Company Inc.
  • 6.4.17 Glencore-Li-Cycle Portovesme JV
  • 6.4.18 Ganfeng Lithium Co., Ltd.
  • 6.4.19 Eramet-Suez JV (Recyclage Batteries)
  • 6.4.20 InoBat-Minerals JV

7 Market Opportunities & Future Outlook

• 7.1 White-space & Unmet-Need Assessment