The global market for Polyimide Film (PI Film) was estimated to be worth US$ 1282 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 2015 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 7.0% during the forecast period 2025-2031.
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent tariff adjustments and international strategic countermeasures on Polyimide Film (PI Film) cross-border industrial footprints, capital allocation patterns, regional economic interdependencies, and supply chain reconfigurations.
Polyimide film is a polymer of imide monomers. It is an advanced polymer materials. Polyimide film provides excellent electrical, thermal, physical and chemical properties over a wide temperature range in a lightweight package making them superior for electrical insulation applications.
In 2024, global Polyimide film production reached approximately 20529 MT, with an average global market price of around 62486 USD/MT.
Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) key players include DuPont, Kaneka, PI Advanced Materials, etc. Global top three manufacturers hold a share over 69%. China is the largest market, with a share about 45%. In terms of product, Electronic grade polyimide film is the largest segment, with a share about 73%. And in terms of application, the largest application is FPC, which has a share about 61%.
The global polyimide film (PI film) market is driven by the growing demand for high-performance materials in industries such as electronics, aerospace, automotive, and telecommunications. PI films are widely used in flexible printed circuits, insulating tapes, and various electronic components due to their exceptional thermal stability, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance. The increasing miniaturization of electronic devices, coupled with the rise in demand for flexible and foldable displays, is further boosting the need for polyimide films. Additionally, advancements in aerospace technology and the push for lightweight, heat-resistant materials in automotive manufacturing contribute to the market's expansion. The market is also supported by trends in renewable energy, where polyimide films are used in photovoltaic cells and other energy-related applications.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Polyimide Film (PI Film), focusing on the total sales volume, sales revenue, price, key companies market share and ranking, together with an analysis of Polyimide Film (PI Film) by region & country, by Type, and by Application.
The Polyimide Film (PI Film) market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (Tons) and sales revenue ($ millions), considering 2024 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2020 to 2031. With both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Polyimide Film (PI Film).
Market Segmentation
By Company
- PI Advanced Materials
- Kaneka
- DuPont
- UBE
- Taimide
- I.S.T Corp
- Zhuzhou Times Huaxin New Material
- Rayitek
- Glesi(ST)
- Wanda Cable
- Tianyuan
- Anhui Guofeng
- HiPolyking
- Boying Jinggong
- Jiangsu Yabao
- Huaqiang
- Dongying Xinbang Electronics
- Wuxi Shunxuan New Material
- Danbang(ST)
- ZTT(ST)
- zhejiang Zhongke
- Ningbo Jinshan
Segment by Type
- Electronic Grade Polyimide Film
- Electrotechnical Grade Polyimide Film
Segment by Application
- FPC
- Thermally Controlled Insulation
- Pressure Sensitive tape
- Motor/Engine
- Wire and Cable
- Others
By Region
- North America
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Southeast Asia
- India
- Australia
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Nordic Countries
- Rest of Europe
- Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Rest of Latin America
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Rest of MEA
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, global total market size (value, volume and price). This chapter also provides the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Polyimide Film (PI Film) manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 5: Sales, revenue of Polyimide Film (PI Film) in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.
Chapter 6: Sales, revenue of Polyimide Film (PI Film) in country level. It provides sigmate data by Type, and by Application for each country/region.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Conclusion.
Table of Contents
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Introduction
- 1.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Market Size Forecast
- 1.2.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value (2020-2031)
- 1.2.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume (2020-2031)
- 1.2.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Price (2020-2031)
- 1.3 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Market Trends & Drivers
- 1.3.1 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Industry Trends
- 1.3.2 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Market Drivers & Opportunity
- 1.3.3 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Market Challenges
- 1.3.4 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Market Restraints
- 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
- 1.5 Study Objectives
- 1.6 Years Considered
2 Competitive Analysis by Company
- 2.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Players Revenue Ranking (2024)
- 2.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
- 2.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Players Sales Volume Ranking (2024)
- 2.4 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Company Players (2020-2025)
- 2.5 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Average Price by Company (2020-2025)
- 2.6 Key Manufacturers Polyimide Film (PI Film) Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
- 2.7 Key Manufacturers Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offered
- 2.8 Key Manufacturers Time to Begin Mass Production of Polyimide Film (PI Film)
- 2.9 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Market Competitive Analysis
- 2.9.1 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Market Concentration Rate (2020-2025)
- 2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Polyimide Film (PI Film) Revenue in 2024
- 2.9.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Polyimide Film (PI Film) as of 2024)
- 2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Segmentation by Type
- 3.1 Introduction by Type
- 3.1.1 Electronic Grade Polyimide Film
- 3.1.2 Electrotechnical Grade Polyimide Film
- 3.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type
- 3.2.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
- 3.2.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, by Type (2020-2031)
- 3.2.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
- 3.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Type
- 3.3.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
- 3.3.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume, by Type (2020-2031)
- 3.3.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
- 3.4 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Average Price by Type (2020-2031)
4 Segmentation by Application
- 4.1 Introduction by Application
- 4.1.1 FPC
- 4.1.2 Thermally Controlled Insulation
- 4.1.3 Pressure Sensitive tape
- 4.1.4 Motor/Engine
- 4.1.5 Wire and Cable
- 4.1.6 Others
- 4.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application
- 4.2.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
- 4.2.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, by Application (2020-2031)
- 4.2.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
- 4.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Application
- 4.3.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
- 4.3.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume, by Application (2020-2031)
- 4.3.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
- 4.4 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Average Price by Application (2020-2031)
5 Segmentation by Region
- 5.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Region
- 5.1.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
- 5.1.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Region (2020-2025)
- 5.1.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Region (2026-2031)
- 5.1.4 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Region (%), (2020-2031)
- 5.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Region
- 5.2.1 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
- 5.2.2 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Region (2020-2025)
- 5.2.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Region (2026-2031)
- 5.2.4 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume by Region (%), (2020-2031)
- 5.3 Global Polyimide Film (PI Film) Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
- 5.4 North America
- 5.4.1 North America Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 5.4.2 North America Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 5.5 Europe
- 5.5.1 Europe Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 5.5.2 Europe Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 5.6 Asia Pacific
- 5.6.1 Asia Pacific Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 5.6.2 Asia Pacific Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Region (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 5.7 South America
- 5.7.1 South America Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 5.7.2 South America Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 5.8 Middle East & Africa
- 5.8.1 Middle East & Africa Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 5.8.2 Middle East & Africa Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions
- 6.1 Key Countries/Regions Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value Growth Trends, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
- 6.2 Key Countries/Regions Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value and Sales Volume
- 6.2.1 Key Countries/Regions Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 6.2.2 Key Countries/Regions Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Volume, 2020-2031
- 6.3 United States
- 6.3.1 United States Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 6.3.2 United States Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 6.3.3 United States Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
- 6.4 Europe
- 6.4.1 Europe Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 6.4.2 Europe Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 6.4.3 Europe Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
- 6.5 China
- 6.5.1 China Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 6.5.2 China Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 6.5.3 China Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
- 6.6 Japan
- 6.6.1 Japan Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 6.6.2 Japan Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 6.6.3 Japan Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
- 6.7 South Korea
- 6.7.1 South Korea Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 6.7.2 South Korea Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 6.7.3 South Korea Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
- 6.8 Southeast Asia
- 6.8.1 Southeast Asia Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 6.8.2 Southeast Asia Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 6.8.3 Southeast Asia Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
- 6.9 India
- 6.9.1 India Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value, 2020-2031
- 6.9.2 India Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
- 6.9.3 India Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
7 Company Profiles
- 7.1 PI Advanced Materials
- 7.1.1 PI Advanced Materials Company Information
- 7.1.2 PI Advanced Materials Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.1.3 PI Advanced Materials Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.1.4 PI Advanced Materials Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.1.5 PI Advanced Materials Recent Development
- 7.2 Kaneka
- 7.2.1 Kaneka Company Information
- 7.2.2 Kaneka Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.2.3 Kaneka Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.2.4 Kaneka Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.2.5 Kaneka Recent Development
- 7.3 DuPont
- 7.3.1 DuPont Company Information
- 7.3.2 DuPont Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.3.3 DuPont Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.3.4 DuPont Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.3.5 DuPont Recent Development
- 7.4 UBE
- 7.4.1 UBE Company Information
- 7.4.2 UBE Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.4.3 UBE Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.4.4 UBE Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.4.5 UBE Recent Development
- 7.5 Taimide
- 7.5.1 Taimide Company Information
- 7.5.2 Taimide Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.5.3 Taimide Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.5.4 Taimide Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.5.5 Taimide Recent Development
- 7.6 I.S.T Corp
- 7.6.1 I.S.T Corp Company Information
- 7.6.2 I.S.T Corp Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.6.3 I.S.T Corp Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.6.4 I.S.T Corp Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.6.5 I.S.T Corp Recent Development
- 7.7 Zhuzhou Times Huaxin New Material
- 7.7.1 Zhuzhou Times Huaxin New Material Company Information
- 7.7.2 Zhuzhou Times Huaxin New Material Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.7.3 Zhuzhou Times Huaxin New Material Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.7.4 Zhuzhou Times Huaxin New Material Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.7.5 Zhuzhou Times Huaxin New Material Recent Development
- 7.8 Rayitek
- 7.8.1 Rayitek Company Information
- 7.8.2 Rayitek Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.8.3 Rayitek Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.8.4 Rayitek Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.8.5 Rayitek Recent Development
- 7.9 Glesi(ST)
- 7.9.1 Glesi(ST) Company Information
- 7.9.2 Glesi(ST) Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.9.3 Glesi(ST) Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.9.4 Glesi(ST) Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.9.5 Glesi(ST) Recent Development
- 7.10 Wanda Cable
- 7.10.1 Wanda Cable Company Information
- 7.10.2 Wanda Cable Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.10.3 Wanda Cable Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.10.4 Wanda Cable Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.10.5 Wanda Cable Recent Development
- 7.11 Tianyuan
- 7.11.1 Tianyuan Company Information
- 7.11.2 Tianyuan Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.11.3 Tianyuan Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.11.4 Tianyuan Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.11.5 Tianyuan Recent Development
- 7.12 Anhui Guofeng
- 7.12.1 Anhui Guofeng Company Information
- 7.12.2 Anhui Guofeng Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.12.3 Anhui Guofeng Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.12.4 Anhui Guofeng Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.12.5 Anhui Guofeng Recent Development
- 7.13 HiPolyking
- 7.13.1 HiPolyking Company Information
- 7.13.2 HiPolyking Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.13.3 HiPolyking Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.13.4 HiPolyking Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.13.5 HiPolyking Recent Development
- 7.14 Boying Jinggong
- 7.14.1 Boying Jinggong Company Information
- 7.14.2 Boying Jinggong Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.14.3 Boying Jinggong Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.14.4 Boying Jinggong Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.14.5 Boying Jinggong Recent Development
- 7.15 Jiangsu Yabao
- 7.15.1 Jiangsu Yabao Company Information
- 7.15.2 Jiangsu Yabao Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.15.3 Jiangsu Yabao Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.15.4 Jiangsu Yabao Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.15.5 Jiangsu Yabao Recent Development
- 7.16 Huaqiang
- 7.16.1 Huaqiang Company Information
- 7.16.2 Huaqiang Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.16.3 Huaqiang Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.16.4 Huaqiang Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.16.5 Huaqiang Recent Development
- 7.17 Dongying Xinbang Electronics
- 7.17.1 Dongying Xinbang Electronics Company Information
- 7.17.2 Dongying Xinbang Electronics Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.17.3 Dongying Xinbang Electronics Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.17.4 Dongying Xinbang Electronics Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.17.5 Dongying Xinbang Electronics Recent Development
- 7.18 Wuxi Shunxuan New Material
- 7.18.1 Wuxi Shunxuan New Material Company Information
- 7.18.2 Wuxi Shunxuan New Material Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.18.3 Wuxi Shunxuan New Material Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.18.4 Wuxi Shunxuan New Material Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.18.5 Wuxi Shunxuan New Material Recent Development
- 7.19 Danbang(ST)
- 7.19.1 Danbang(ST) Company Information
- 7.19.2 Danbang(ST) Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.19.3 Danbang(ST) Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.19.4 Danbang(ST) Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.19.5 Danbang(ST) Recent Development
- 7.20 ZTT(ST)
- 7.20.1 ZTT(ST) Company Information
- 7.20.2 ZTT(ST) Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.20.3 ZTT(ST) Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.20.4 ZTT(ST) Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.20.5 ZTT(ST) Recent Development
- 7.21 zhejiang Zhongke
- 7.21.1 zhejiang Zhongke Company Information
- 7.21.2 zhejiang Zhongke Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.21.3 zhejiang Zhongke Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.21.4 zhejiang Zhongke Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.21.5 zhejiang Zhongke Recent Development
- 7.22 Ningbo Jinshan
- 7.22.1 Ningbo Jinshan Company Information
- 7.22.2 Ningbo Jinshan Introduction and Business Overview
- 7.22.3 Ningbo Jinshan Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 7.22.4 Ningbo Jinshan Polyimide Film (PI Film) Product Offerings
- 7.22.5 Ningbo Jinshan Recent Development
8 Industry Chain Analysis
- 8.1 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Industrial Chain
- 8.2 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Upstream Analysis
- 8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
- 8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
- 8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
- 8.3 Midstream Analysis
- 8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
- 8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
- 8.5.1 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Sales Model
- 8.5.2 Sales Channel
- 8.5.3 Polyimide Film (PI Film) Distributors
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
- 10.1 Research Methodology
- 10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
- 10.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
- 10.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
- 10.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
- 10.1.2 Data Source
- 10.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
- 10.1.2.2 Primary Sources
- 10.2 Author Details
- 10.3 Disclaimer