시장보고서
상품코드
1872227

세계의 터보 분자 펌프 : 시장 점유율과 순위, 전체 판매량 및 수요 예측(2025-2031년)

Turbomolecular Pumps - Global Market Share and Ranking, Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2025-2031

발행일: | 리서치사: QYResearch | 페이지 정보: 영문 | 배송안내 : 2-3일 (영업일 기준)

    
    
    




■ 보고서에 따라 최신 정보로 업데이트하여 보내드립니다. 배송일정은 문의해 주시기 바랍니다.

터보 분자 펌프 세계 시장 규모는 2024년에 19억 7,700만 달러로 추정되며, 2025-2031년의 예측 기간에 CAGR 4.1%로 성장을 지속하여, 2031년까지 25억 6,600만 달러로 확대될 것으로 예측됩니다.

이 보고서는 터보 분자 펌프의 국경 간 산업 발자국, 자본 배분 패턴, 지역 경제의 상호 의존성, 공급망 재구축, 최근 관세 조정 및 국제 전략적 대응 조치에 대한 종합적인 평가를 제공합니다.

본 보고서는 고진공의 생성 및 유지에 사용되는 진공 펌프의 일종인 터보 분자 펌프 시장을 연구대상으로 하고 있습니다. 이 펌프는 기체 분자가 이동하는 고체 표면과의 반복적인 충돌을 통해 정해진 방향으로 운동량을 부여받는 원리로 작동합니다. 터보 분자 펌프는 고속으로 회전하는 팬 로터가 펌프 입구에서 배출구를 향해 가스 분자를 "충돌"시켜 진공 상태를 생성하거나 유지합니다.

터보 분자 펌프 시장은 반도체, 태양광, 양자 컴퓨팅 등의 고청정 공정 수요에 대응하기 위해 자기 베어링과 오일 프리 설계로 진화를 가속화하고 있습니다. 지능형 제어 및 원격 모니터링 기술이 설비 유지보수의 예지보전을 촉진하는 한편, 고속 펌프는 첨단 공정 개발을 지원하고 있습니다. 산업 성장은 급증하는 설비 투자와 신기술에 의해 주도되고 있지만, 희토류 재료공급망 변동과 고급 펌프 제조의 복잡성은 특히 중소기업에게 여전히 비용 및 기술 장벽으로 작용하고 있습니다. 유럽은 터보 분자 펌프의 최대 생산지이며, 시장 점유율의 약 25%를 차지하고 있습니다. 그 뒤를 이어 북미와 중국이 뒤를 이었으며, 상위 5개 업체가 시장 점유율의 대부분을 차지하고 있습니다.

이 보고서는 터보 분자 펌프 세계 시장에 대해 총 판매량, 매출액, 가격, 주요 기업의 시장 점유율 및 순위에 초점을 맞추고 지역/국가, 유형 및 용도별 분석을 종합적으로 제시하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

이 보고서는 2024년을 기준 연도로 하여 2025-2031년 과거 데이터와 예측 데이터를 포함하여 판매량(대수) 및 매출액(백만 달러)으로 터보 분자 펌프 시장 규모, 추정치 및 예측치를 제시합니다. 정량적, 정성적 분석을 통해 독자들이 터보 분자 펌프 관련 사업/성장 전략 수립, 시장 경쟁 평가, 현재 시장에서의 자사 포지셔닝 분석, 정보에 입각한 사업적 판단을 할 수 있도록 지원합니다.

시장 세분화

기업별

  • Atlas(Edwards & Leybold)
  • Busch Group(Busch Vacuum & Pfeiffer)
  • Osaka Vacuum
  • KYKY Vacuum
  • ULVAC
  • Shimadzu
  • Ebara Technologies
  • Ingersoll Rand(Welch)
  • Agilent Turbomolecular
  • Multi-micro Technology
  • Emaging

유형별 부문

  • 자기부상식
  • 오일 윤활식
  • 기타

용도별 부문

  • 반도체 제조
  • 태양에너지 산업
  • 분석 기기
  • 기타

지역별

  • 북미
    • 미국
    • 캐나다
  • 아시아태평양
    • 중국
    • 일본
    • 한국
    • 동남아시아
    • 인도
    • 호주
    • 기타 아시아태평양
  • 유럽
    • 독일
    • 프랑스
    • 영국
    • 이탈리아
    • 네덜란드
    • 북유럽 국가
    • 기타 유럽
  • 라틴아메리카
    • 멕시코
    • 브라질
    • 기타 라틴아메리카
  • 중동 및 아프리카
    • 튀르키예
    • 사우디아라비아
    • 아랍에미리트(UAE)
    • 기타 중동 및 아프리카
LSH 25.12.03

자주 묻는 질문

  • 터보 분자 펌프의 세계 시장 규모는 어떻게 예측되나요?
  • 터보 분자 펌프 시장의 주요 기업은 어디인가요?
  • 터보 분자 펌프의 주요 용도는 무엇인가요?
  • 터보 분자 펌프 시장의 지역별 분포는 어떻게 되나요?
  • 터보 분자 펌프의 작동 원리는 무엇인가요?

The global market for Turbomolecular Pumps was estimated to be worth US$ 1977 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 2566 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 4.1% during the forecast period 2025-2031.

This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent tariff adjustments and international strategic countermeasures on Turbomolecular Pumps cross-border industrial footprints, capital allocation patterns, regional economic interdependencies, and supply chain reconfigurations.

This report studies the Turbomolecular Pumps market, which is a type of vacuum pump, superficially similar to a turbopump, used to obtain and maintain high vacuum. These pumps work on the principle that gas molecules can be given momentum in a desired direction by repeated collision with a moving solid surface. In a turbomolecular pump, a rapidly spinning fan rotor 'hits' gas molecules from the inlet of the pump towards the exhaust in order to create or maintain a vacuum.

The turbomolecular pump market is accelerating its evolution toward magnetic bearings and oil-free designs to meet the demands of high-cleanliness processes such as semiconductors, photovoltaics, and quantum computing. Intelligent control and remote monitoring technologies are driving equipment maintenance toward predictive management, while high-speed pumps support the development of advanced processes. Industry growth is driven by surging capital expenditures and emerging technologies, but fluctuations in the rare earth material supply chain and the complexity of high-end pump manufacturing still pose cost and technical barriers, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Europe is the largest producer of turbomolecular pumps, holding approximately 25% of the market. North America and China are next, with the top five manufacturers collectively holding over half of the market share.

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Turbomolecular Pumps, focusing on the total sales volume, sales revenue, price, key companies market share and ranking, together with an analysis of Turbomolecular Pumps by region & country, by Type, and by Application.

The Turbomolecular Pumps market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (Units) and sales revenue ($ millions), considering 2024 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2020 to 2031. With both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Turbomolecular Pumps.

Market Segmentation

By Company

  • Atlas (Edwards & Leybold)
  • Busch Group (Busch Vacuum & Pfeiffer)
  • Osaka Vacuum
  • KYKY Vacuum
  • ULVAC
  • Shimadzu
  • Ebara Technologies
  • Ingersoll Rand (Welch)
  • Agilent Turbomolecular
  • Multi-micro Technology
  • Emaging

Segment by Type

  • Magnetically Suspended Type
  • Oil Lubricated Type
  • Others

Segment by Application

  • Semiconductor Manufacturing
  • Solar Energy Industry
  • Analytical Instruments
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • Japan
    • South Korea
    • Southeast Asia
    • India
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • France
    • U.K.
    • Italy
    • Netherlands
    • Nordic Countries
    • Rest of Europe
  • Latin America
    • Mexico
    • Brazil
    • Rest of Latin America
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Turkey
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Rest of MEA

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, global total market size (value, volume and price). This chapter also provides the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.

Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Turbomolecular Pumps manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.

Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.

Chapter 5: Sales, revenue of Turbomolecular Pumps in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.

Chapter 6: Sales, revenue of Turbomolecular Pumps in country level. It provides sigmate data by Type, and by Application for each country/region.

Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.

Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.

Chapter 9: Conclusion.

Table of Contents

1 Market Overview

  • 1.1 Turbomolecular Pumps Product Introduction
  • 1.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Market Size Forecast
    • 1.2.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value (2020-2031)
    • 1.2.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume (2020-2031)
    • 1.2.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Price (2020-2031)
  • 1.3 Turbomolecular Pumps Market Trends & Drivers
    • 1.3.1 Turbomolecular Pumps Industry Trends
    • 1.3.2 Turbomolecular Pumps Market Drivers & Opportunity
    • 1.3.3 Turbomolecular Pumps Market Challenges
    • 1.3.4 Turbomolecular Pumps Market Restraints
  • 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
  • 1.5 Study Objectives
  • 1.6 Years Considered

2 Competitive Analysis by Company

  • 2.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Players Revenue Ranking (2024)
  • 2.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
  • 2.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Players Sales Volume Ranking (2024)
  • 2.4 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Company Players (2020-2025)
  • 2.5 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Average Price by Company (2020-2025)
  • 2.6 Key Manufacturers Turbomolecular Pumps Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
  • 2.7 Key Manufacturers Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offered
  • 2.8 Key Manufacturers Time to Begin Mass Production of Turbomolecular Pumps
  • 2.9 Turbomolecular Pumps Market Competitive Analysis
    • 2.9.1 Turbomolecular Pumps Market Concentration Rate (2020-2025)
    • 2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Turbomolecular Pumps Revenue in 2024
    • 2.9.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Turbomolecular Pumps as of 2024)
  • 2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Segmentation by Type

  • 3.1 Introduction by Type
    • 3.1.1 Magnetically Suspended Type
    • 3.1.2 Oil Lubricated Type
    • 3.1.3 Others
  • 3.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type
    • 3.2.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
    • 3.2.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, by Type (2020-2031)
    • 3.2.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
  • 3.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Type
    • 3.3.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
    • 3.3.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume, by Type (2020-2031)
    • 3.3.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
  • 3.4 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Average Price by Type (2020-2031)

4 Segmentation by Application

  • 4.1 Introduction by Application
    • 4.1.1 Semiconductor Manufacturing
    • 4.1.2 Solar Energy Industry
    • 4.1.3 Analytical Instruments
    • 4.1.4 Others
  • 4.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application
    • 4.2.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
    • 4.2.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, by Application (2020-2031)
    • 4.2.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
  • 4.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Application
    • 4.3.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
    • 4.3.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume, by Application (2020-2031)
    • 4.3.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
  • 4.4 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Average Price by Application (2020-2031)

5 Segmentation by Region

  • 5.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Region
    • 5.1.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
    • 5.1.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Region (2020-2025)
    • 5.1.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Region (2026-2031)
    • 5.1.4 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Region (%), (2020-2031)
  • 5.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Region
    • 5.2.1 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
    • 5.2.2 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Region (2020-2025)
    • 5.2.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Region (2026-2031)
    • 5.2.4 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume by Region (%), (2020-2031)
  • 5.3 Global Turbomolecular Pumps Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
  • 5.4 North America
    • 5.4.1 North America Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 5.4.2 North America Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.5 Europe
    • 5.5.1 Europe Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 5.5.2 Europe Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.6 Asia Pacific
    • 5.6.1 Asia Pacific Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 5.6.2 Asia Pacific Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Region (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.7 South America
    • 5.7.1 South America Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 5.7.2 South America Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.8 Middle East & Africa
    • 5.8.1 Middle East & Africa Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 5.8.2 Middle East & Africa Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031

6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions

  • 6.1 Key Countries/Regions Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value Growth Trends, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.2 Key Countries/Regions Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value and Sales Volume
    • 6.2.1 Key Countries/Regions Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 6.2.2 Key Countries/Regions Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Volume, 2020-2031
  • 6.3 United States
    • 6.3.1 United States Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 6.3.2 United States Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
    • 6.3.3 United States Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.4 Europe
    • 6.4.1 Europe Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 6.4.2 Europe Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
    • 6.4.3 Europe Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.5 China
    • 6.5.1 China Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 6.5.2 China Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
    • 6.5.3 China Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.6 Japan
    • 6.6.1 Japan Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 6.6.2 Japan Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
    • 6.6.3 Japan Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.7 South Korea
    • 6.7.1 South Korea Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 6.7.2 South Korea Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
    • 6.7.3 South Korea Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.8 Southeast Asia
    • 6.8.1 Southeast Asia Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 6.8.2 Southeast Asia Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
    • 6.8.3 Southeast Asia Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.9 India
    • 6.9.1 India Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value, 2020-2031
    • 6.9.2 India Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
    • 6.9.3 India Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031

7 Company Profiles

  • 7.1 Atlas (Edwards & Leybold)
    • 7.1.1 Atlas (Edwards & Leybold) Company Information
    • 7.1.2 Atlas (Edwards & Leybold) Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.1.3 Atlas (Edwards & Leybold) Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.1.4 Atlas (Edwards & Leybold) Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.1.5 Atlas (Edwards & Leybold) Recent Development
  • 7.2 Busch Group (Busch Vacuum & Pfeiffer)
    • 7.2.1 Busch Group (Busch Vacuum & Pfeiffer) Company Information
    • 7.2.2 Busch Group (Busch Vacuum & Pfeiffer) Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.2.3 Busch Group (Busch Vacuum & Pfeiffer) Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.2.4 Busch Group (Busch Vacuum & Pfeiffer) Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.2.5 Busch Group (Busch Vacuum & Pfeiffer) Recent Development
  • 7.3 Osaka Vacuum
    • 7.3.1 Osaka Vacuum Company Information
    • 7.3.2 Osaka Vacuum Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.3.3 Osaka Vacuum Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.3.4 Osaka Vacuum Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.3.5 Osaka Vacuum Recent Development
  • 7.4 KYKY Vacuum
    • 7.4.1 KYKY Vacuum Company Information
    • 7.4.2 KYKY Vacuum Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.4.3 KYKY Vacuum Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.4.4 KYKY Vacuum Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.4.5 KYKY Vacuum Recent Development
  • 7.5 ULVAC
    • 7.5.1 ULVAC Company Information
    • 7.5.2 ULVAC Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.5.3 ULVAC Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.5.4 ULVAC Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.5.5 ULVAC Recent Development
  • 7.6 Shimadzu
    • 7.6.1 Shimadzu Company Information
    • 7.6.2 Shimadzu Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.6.3 Shimadzu Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.6.4 Shimadzu Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.6.5 Shimadzu Recent Development
  • 7.7 Ebara Technologies
    • 7.7.1 Ebara Technologies Company Information
    • 7.7.2 Ebara Technologies Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.7.3 Ebara Technologies Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.7.4 Ebara Technologies Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.7.5 Ebara Technologies Recent Development
  • 7.8 Ingersoll Rand (Welch)
    • 7.8.1 Ingersoll Rand (Welch) Company Information
    • 7.8.2 Ingersoll Rand (Welch) Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.8.3 Ingersoll Rand (Welch) Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.8.4 Ingersoll Rand (Welch) Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.8.5 Ingersoll Rand (Welch) Recent Development
  • 7.9 Agilent Turbomolecular
    • 7.9.1 Agilent Turbomolecular Company Information
    • 7.9.2 Agilent Turbomolecular Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.9.3 Agilent Turbomolecular Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.9.4 Agilent Turbomolecular Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.9.5 Agilent Turbomolecular Recent Development
  • 7.10 Multi-micro Technology
    • 7.10.1 Multi-micro Technology Company Information
    • 7.10.2 Multi-micro Technology Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.10.3 Multi-micro Technology Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.10.4 Multi-micro Technology Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.10.5 Multi-micro Technology Recent Development
  • 7.11 Emaging
    • 7.11.1 Emaging Company Information
    • 7.11.2 Emaging Introduction and Business Overview
    • 7.11.3 Emaging Turbomolecular Pumps Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
    • 7.11.4 Emaging Turbomolecular Pumps Product Offerings
    • 7.11.5 Emaging Recent Development

8 Industry Chain Analysis

  • 8.1 Turbomolecular Pumps Industrial Chain
  • 8.2 Turbomolecular Pumps Upstream Analysis
    • 8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
    • 8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
    • 8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
  • 8.3 Midstream Analysis
  • 8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
  • 8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
    • 8.5.1 Turbomolecular Pumps Sales Model
    • 8.5.2 Sales Channel
    • 8.5.3 Turbomolecular Pumps Distributors

9 Research Findings and Conclusion

10 Appendix

  • 10.1 Research Methodology
    • 10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
      • 10.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
      • 10.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
      • 10.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
    • 10.1.2 Data Source
      • 10.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
      • 10.1.2.2 Primary Sources
  • 10.2 Author Details
  • 10.3 Disclaimer
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