세계의 립밤 시장 : 시장 점유율과 순위, 전체 판매 및 수요 예측(2025-2031년)

The global market for Lip Balm was estimated to be worth US$ 941 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 1398 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 5.9% during the forecast period 2025-2031.

This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent tariff adjustments and international strategic countermeasures on Lip Balm cross-border industrial footprints, capital allocation patterns, regional economic interdependencies, and supply chain reconfigurations.

Lip balm is a substance put on the lips to give relief to dry or chapped. It may also be used to help soothe certain other situations, such as cold sores. The balm may be made with any number of ingredients, but usually includes something like petroleum jelly or beeswax, as well as scented oils, and sometimes medicinal herbs or medicinal compounds. It can also have things like vitamins and minerals included, in theory to help support the health of the lips, and many types include sunscreen to help prevent sun damage to the sensitive skin on the lips. Lip balm can be applied where a finger is used to apply it to the lips, or in a lipstick-style tube from which it can be applied directly.

The lip balm market is a dynamic segment within the broader personal care and cosmetics industry, driven by increasing consumer awareness of skincare and the desire for multifunctional beauty products. Lip balms, once used primarily for hydration and protection against harsh weather, have evolved to include a wide range of features such as SPF protection, tinted color, natural or organic ingredients, and even therapeutic benefits. This diversification has allowed brands to cater to a broader demographic, including both men and women, as well as younger consumers attracted by trend-driven packaging and flavors.

Innovation plays a key role in maintaining competitiveness in the lip balm market, with companies regularly launching new formulations and formats such as sticks, pots, tubes, and roll-ons. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce and social media influence has significantly impacted purchasing behaviors, allowing both established and indie brands to gain visibility and build loyal customer bases. Sustainability and ethical sourcing are also growing priorities, with many consumers favoring cruelty-free, vegan, and environmentally conscious products. As a result, the market remains highly competitive and ripe for continued growth and innovation.

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Lip Balm, focusing on the total sales volume, sales revenue, price, key companies market share and ranking, together with an analysis of Lip Balm by region & country, by Type, and by Application.

The Lip Balm market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (K Units) and sales revenue ($ millions), considering 2024 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2020 to 2031. With both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Lip Balm.

Market Segmentation

By Company

• Mentholatum
• Maybelline
• Nivea
• Kiehl
• MAC
• DHC
• SHISEIDO
• Lancome
• Neutrogena
• CHANEL
• Yue sai
• Max Factor
• Elizabeth Arden
• Clinique
• MARY KAY
• L'Oreal
• NUXE
• Revlon
• Burt's Bees
• Blistex
• Vaseline
• EOS
• Carmex
• Labello
• ChapStick
• Lip Smacker
• AVON
• Lypsyl
• CARSLAN
• Ainuo

Segment by Type

• Solid Cream Lip Balm
• Liquid Gel Lip Balm

Segment by Application

• Lip Balm For Women
• Lip Balm For Men

By Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Southeast Asia
  • India
  • Australia
  • Rest of Asia-Pacific
• Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • U.K.
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Nordic Countries
  • Rest of Europe
• Latin America
  • Mexico
  • Brazil
  • Rest of Latin America
• Middle East & Africa
  • Turkey
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • Rest of MEA

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, global total market size (value, volume and price). This chapter also provides the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.

Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Lip Balm manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.

Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.

Chapter 5: Sales, revenue of Lip Balm in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.

Chapter 6: Sales, revenue of Lip Balm in country level. It provides sigmate data by Type, and by Application for each country/region.

Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.

Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.

Chapter 9: Conclusion.

Table of Contents

1 Market Overview

• 1.1 Lip Balm Product Introduction
• 1.2 Global Lip Balm Market Size Forecast
  • 1.2.1 Global Lip Balm Sales Value (2020-2031)
  • 1.2.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume (2020-2031)
  • 1.2.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Price (2020-2031)
• 1.3 Lip Balm Market Trends & Drivers
  • 1.3.1 Lip Balm Industry Trends
  • 1.3.2 Lip Balm Market Drivers & Opportunity
  • 1.3.3 Lip Balm Market Challenges
  • 1.3.4 Lip Balm Market Restraints
• 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
• 1.5 Study Objectives
• 1.6 Years Considered

2 Competitive Analysis by Company

• 2.1 Global Lip Balm Players Revenue Ranking (2024)
• 2.2 Global Lip Balm Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
• 2.3 Global Lip Balm Players Sales Volume Ranking (2024)
• 2.4 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Company Players (2020-2025)
• 2.5 Global Lip Balm Average Price by Company (2020-2025)
• 2.6 Key Manufacturers Lip Balm Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
• 2.7 Key Manufacturers Lip Balm Product Offered
• 2.8 Key Manufacturers Time to Begin Mass Production of Lip Balm
• 2.9 Lip Balm Market Competitive Analysis
  • 2.9.1 Lip Balm Market Concentration Rate (2020-2025)
  • 2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Lip Balm Revenue in 2024
  • 2.9.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Lip Balm as of 2024)
• 2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Segmentation by Type

• 3.1 Introduction by Type
  • 3.1.1 Solid Cream Lip Balm
  • 3.1.2 Liquid Gel Lip Balm
• 3.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Type
  • 3.2.1 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 3.2.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Value, by Type (2020-2031)
  • 3.2.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Value, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
• 3.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Type
  • 3.3.1 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 3.3.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume, by Type (2020-2031)
  • 3.3.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
• 3.4 Global Lip Balm Average Price by Type (2020-2031)

4 Segmentation by Application

• 4.1 Introduction by Application
  • 4.1.1 Lip Balm For Women
  • 4.1.2 Lip Balm For Men
• 4.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Application
  • 4.2.1 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 4.2.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Value, by Application (2020-2031)
  • 4.2.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Value, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
• 4.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Application
  • 4.3.1 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 4.3.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume, by Application (2020-2031)
  • 4.3.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
• 4.4 Global Lip Balm Average Price by Application (2020-2031)

5 Segmentation by Region

• 5.1 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Region
  • 5.1.1 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.1.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Region (2020-2025)
  • 5.1.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Region (2026-2031)
  • 5.1.4 Global Lip Balm Sales Value by Region (%), (2020-2031)
• 5.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Region
  • 5.2.1 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.2.2 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Region (2020-2025)
  • 5.2.3 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Region (2026-2031)
  • 5.2.4 Global Lip Balm Sales Volume by Region (%), (2020-2031)
• 5.3 Global Lip Balm Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
• 5.4 North America
  • 5.4.1 North America Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.4.2 North America Lip Balm Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.5 Europe
  • 5.5.1 Europe Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.5.2 Europe Lip Balm Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.6 Asia Pacific
  • 5.6.1 Asia Pacific Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.6.2 Asia Pacific Lip Balm Sales Value by Region (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.7 South America
  • 5.7.1 South America Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.7.2 South America Lip Balm Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.8 Middle East & Africa
  • 5.8.1 Middle East & Africa Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.8.2 Middle East & Africa Lip Balm Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031

6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions

• 6.1 Key Countries/Regions Lip Balm Sales Value Growth Trends, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
• 6.2 Key Countries/Regions Lip Balm Sales Value and Sales Volume
  • 6.2.1 Key Countries/Regions Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.2.2 Key Countries/Regions Lip Balm Sales Volume, 2020-2031
• 6.3 United States
  • 6.3.1 United States Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.3.2 United States Lip Balm Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.3.3 United States Lip Balm Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.4 Europe
  • 6.4.1 Europe Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.4.2 Europe Lip Balm Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.4.3 Europe Lip Balm Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.5 China
  • 6.5.1 China Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.5.2 China Lip Balm Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.5.3 China Lip Balm Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.6 Japan
  • 6.6.1 Japan Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.6.2 Japan Lip Balm Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.6.3 Japan Lip Balm Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.7 South Korea
  • 6.7.1 South Korea Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.7.2 South Korea Lip Balm Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.7.3 South Korea Lip Balm Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.8 Southeast Asia
  • 6.8.1 Southeast Asia Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.8.2 Southeast Asia Lip Balm Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.8.3 Southeast Asia Lip Balm Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.9 India
  • 6.9.1 India Lip Balm Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.9.2 India Lip Balm Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.9.3 India Lip Balm Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031

7 Company Profiles

• 7.1 Mentholatum
  • 7.1.1 Mentholatum Company Information
  • 7.1.2 Mentholatum Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.1.3 Mentholatum Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.1.4 Mentholatum Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.1.5 Mentholatum Recent Development
• 7.2 Maybelline
  • 7.2.1 Maybelline Company Information
  • 7.2.2 Maybelline Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.2.3 Maybelline Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.4 Maybelline Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.2.5 Maybelline Recent Development
• 7.3 Nivea
  • 7.3.1 Nivea Company Information
  • 7.3.2 Nivea Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.3.3 Nivea Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.3.4 Nivea Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.3.5 Nivea Recent Development
• 7.4 Kiehl
  • 7.4.1 Kiehl Company Information
  • 7.4.2 Kiehl Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.4.3 Kiehl Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.4 Kiehl Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.4.5 Kiehl Recent Development
• 7.5 MAC
  • 7.5.1 MAC Company Information
  • 7.5.2 MAC Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.5.3 MAC Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.5.4 MAC Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.5.5 MAC Recent Development
• 7.6 DHC
  • 7.6.1 DHC Company Information
  • 7.6.2 DHC Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.6.3 DHC Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.6.4 DHC Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.6.5 DHC Recent Development
• 7.7 SHISEIDO
  • 7.7.1 SHISEIDO Company Information
  • 7.7.2 SHISEIDO Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.7.3 SHISEIDO Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.7.4 SHISEIDO Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.7.5 SHISEIDO Recent Development
• 7.8 Lancome
  • 7.8.1 Lancome Company Information
  • 7.8.2 Lancome Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.8.3 Lancome Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.8.4 Lancome Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.8.5 Lancome Recent Development
• 7.9 Neutrogena
  • 7.9.1 Neutrogena Company Information
  • 7.9.2 Neutrogena Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.9.3 Neutrogena Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.9.4 Neutrogena Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.9.5 Neutrogena Recent Development
• 7.10 CHANEL
  • 7.10.1 CHANEL Company Information
  • 7.10.2 CHANEL Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.10.3 CHANEL Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.10.4 CHANEL Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.10.5 CHANEL Recent Development
• 7.11 Yue sai
  • 7.11.1 Yue sai Company Information
  • 7.11.2 Yue sai Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.11.3 Yue sai Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.11.4 Yue sai Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.11.5 Yue sai Recent Development
• 7.12 Max Factor
  • 7.12.1 Max Factor Company Information
  • 7.12.2 Max Factor Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.12.3 Max Factor Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.12.4 Max Factor Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.12.5 Max Factor Recent Development
• 7.13 Elizabeth Arden
  • 7.13.1 Elizabeth Arden Company Information
  • 7.13.2 Elizabeth Arden Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.13.3 Elizabeth Arden Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.13.4 Elizabeth Arden Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.13.5 Elizabeth Arden Recent Development
• 7.14 Clinique
  • 7.14.1 Clinique Company Information
  • 7.14.2 Clinique Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.14.3 Clinique Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.14.4 Clinique Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.14.5 Clinique Recent Development
• 7.15 MARY KAY
  • 7.15.1 MARY KAY Company Information
  • 7.15.2 MARY KAY Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.15.3 MARY KAY Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.15.4 MARY KAY Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.15.5 MARY KAY Recent Development
• 7.16 L'Oreal
  • 7.16.1 L'Oreal Company Information
  • 7.16.2 L'Oreal Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.16.3 L'Oreal Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.16.4 L'Oreal Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.16.5 L'Oreal Recent Development
• 7.17 NUXE
  • 7.17.1 NUXE Company Information
  • 7.17.2 NUXE Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.17.3 NUXE Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.17.4 NUXE Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.17.5 NUXE Recent Development
• 7.18 Revlon
  • 7.18.1 Revlon Company Information
  • 7.18.2 Revlon Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.18.3 Revlon Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.18.4 Revlon Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.18.5 Revlon Recent Development
• 7.19 Burt's Bees
  • 7.19.1 Burt's Bees Company Information
  • 7.19.2 Burt's Bees Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.19.3 Burt's Bees Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.19.4 Burt's Bees Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.19.5 Burt's Bees Recent Development
• 7.20 Blistex
  • 7.20.1 Blistex Company Information
  • 7.20.2 Blistex Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.20.3 Blistex Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.20.4 Blistex Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.20.5 Blistex Recent Development
• 7.21 Vaseline
  • 7.21.1 Vaseline Company Information
  • 7.21.2 Vaseline Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.21.3 Vaseline Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.21.4 Vaseline Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.21.5 Vaseline Recent Development
• 7.22 EOS
  • 7.22.1 EOS Company Information
  • 7.22.2 EOS Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.22.3 EOS Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.22.4 EOS Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.22.5 EOS Recent Development
• 7.23 Carmex
  • 7.23.1 Carmex Company Information
  • 7.23.2 Carmex Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.23.3 Carmex Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.23.4 Carmex Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.23.5 Carmex Recent Development
• 7.24 Labello
  • 7.24.1 Labello Company Information
  • 7.24.2 Labello Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.24.3 Labello Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.24.4 Labello Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.24.5 Labello Recent Development
• 7.25 ChapStick
  • 7.25.1 ChapStick Company Information
  • 7.25.2 ChapStick Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.25.3 ChapStick Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.25.4 ChapStick Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.25.5 ChapStick Recent Development
• 7.26 Lip Smacker
  • 7.26.1 Lip Smacker Company Information
  • 7.26.2 Lip Smacker Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.26.3 Lip Smacker Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.26.4 Lip Smacker Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.26.5 Lip Smacker Recent Development
• 7.27 AVON
  • 7.27.1 AVON Company Information
  • 7.27.2 AVON Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.27.3 AVON Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.27.4 AVON Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.27.5 AVON Recent Development
• 7.28 Lypsyl
  • 7.28.1 Lypsyl Company Information
  • 7.28.2 Lypsyl Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.28.3 Lypsyl Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.28.4 Lypsyl Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.28.5 Lypsyl Recent Development
• 7.29 CARSLAN
  • 7.29.1 CARSLAN Company Information
  • 7.29.2 CARSLAN Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.29.3 CARSLAN Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.29.4 CARSLAN Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.29.5 CARSLAN Recent Development
• 7.30 Ainuo
  • 7.30.1 Ainuo Company Information
  • 7.30.2 Ainuo Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.30.3 Ainuo Lip Balm Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.30.4 Ainuo Lip Balm Product Offerings
  • 7.30.5 Ainuo Recent Development

8 Industry Chain Analysis

• 8.1 Lip Balm Industrial Chain
• 8.2 Lip Balm Upstream Analysis
  • 8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
  • 8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
  • 8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
• 8.3 Midstream Analysis
• 8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
• 8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
  • 8.5.1 Lip Balm Sales Model
  • 8.5.2 Sales Channel
  • 8.5.3 Lip Balm Distributors

9 Research Findings and Conclusion

10 Appendix

• 10.1 Research Methodology
  • 10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
    • 10.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
    • 10.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
    • 10.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
  • 10.1.2 Data Source
    • 10.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
    • 10.1.2.2 Primary Sources
• 10.2 Author Details
• 10.3 Disclaimer