세계의 반도체 도금 약품 : 시장 점유율과 순위, 전체 판매량 및 수요 예측(2025-2031년)

The global market for Semiconductor Plating Chemicals was estimated to be worth US$ 1289 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 1886 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period 2025-2031.

This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent tariff adjustments and international strategic countermeasures on Semiconductor Plating Chemicals cross-border industrial footprints, capital allocation patterns, regional economic interdependencies, and supply chain reconfigurations.

Semiconductor plating chemicals are a class of chemicals used in the semiconductor manufacturing process for surface preparation and metal deposition in the electroplating process. They mainly include various solutions, additives and corrosion inhibitors, etc. Semiconductor plating chemicals also include some surface treatment chemicals, such as pickling solutions, cleaning agents and activators, which are used to purify and improve the roughness of the substrate surface, remove impurities and enhance adhesion. These chemicals play an important role in the semiconductor manufacturing process, improving device performance and reliability. It is important to note that the formulation and use of semiconductor plating chemicals may change over time as the plating process evolves and improves as semiconductor manufacturing technology continues to evolve. To ensure optimum performance and safety, manufacturers and users should pay close attention to the latest industry standards and recommendations and follow proper operating practices and safety measures.

The semiconductor plating chemicals market is an indispensable and key link in the global semiconductor industry chain. Its core growth driver comes from the continued demand for advanced process chips from downstream demands such as smartphones, high-performance computing (HPC), artificial intelligence (AI) and data centers. The market is highly specialized and has extremely high technical barriers, especially in the field of copper interconnect electroplating, which requires chemicals to have ultra-high purity, uniformity and reliability to meet the precision manufacturing needs of nano-scale devices. The market structure is highly concentrated and dominated by a few international chemical giants. The core of competition lies in continuous technological innovation (such as electroplating solutions for advanced packaging TSV and RDL), strict quality control capabilities, and deep binding cooperation with top chip manufacturers (Foundry/IDM). Despite the challenges of raw material cost fluctuations, geopolitical risks and increasingly complex environmental regulations, the market is expected to maintain steady growth in the next few years. The growth momentum mainly comes from the continued miniaturization of logic/foundry processes, the accelerated penetration of advanced packaging (such as 2.5D/3D IC, Chiplet) technology, and the active exploration of new interconnect material applications.

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Semiconductor Plating Chemicals, focusing on the total sales volume, sales revenue, price, key companies market share and ranking, together with an analysis of Semiconductor Plating Chemicals by region & country, by Type, and by Application.

The Semiconductor Plating Chemicals market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (Tons) and sales revenue ($ millions), considering 2024 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2020 to 2031. With both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Semiconductor Plating Chemicals.

Market Segmentation

By Company

• DuPont
• Uyemura
• Element Solutions (MacDermid Enthone)
• MKS (Atotech)
• TANAKA
• Tama Chemicals (Moses Lake Industries)
• Phichem
• Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
• Umicore
• BASF
• Soulbrain
• Japan Pure Chemical
• JCU CORPORATION
• Technic
• ADEKA
• Kanto Chemical
• Shanghai Sinyang Semiconductor Materials
• GHTECH
• Ishihara Chemical

Segment by Type

• Electroplating Solution
• Additives
• Others

Segment by Application

• Logic ICs
• Memory
• Advanced Packaging
• Others

By Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Southeast Asia
  • India
  • Australia
  • Rest of Asia-Pacific
• Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • U.K.
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Nordic Countries
  • Rest of Europe
• Latin America
  • Mexico
  • Brazil
  • Rest of Latin America
• Middle East & Africa
  • Turkey
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • Rest of MEA

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, global total market size (value, volume and price). This chapter also provides the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.

Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Semiconductor Plating Chemicals manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.

Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.

Chapter 5: Sales, revenue of Semiconductor Plating Chemicals in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.

Chapter 6: Sales, revenue of Semiconductor Plating Chemicals in country level. It provides sigmate data by Type, and by Application for each country/region.

Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.

Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.

Chapter 9: Conclusion.

Table of Contents

1 Market Overview

• 1.1 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Introduction
• 1.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Market Size Forecast
  • 1.2.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value (2020-2031)
  • 1.2.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume (2020-2031)
  • 1.2.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Price (2020-2031)
• 1.3 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Market Trends & Drivers
  • 1.3.1 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Industry Trends
  • 1.3.2 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Market Drivers & Opportunity
  • 1.3.3 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Market Challenges
  • 1.3.4 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Market Restraints
• 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
• 1.5 Study Objectives
• 1.6 Years Considered

2 Competitive Analysis by Company

• 2.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Players Revenue Ranking (2024)
• 2.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
• 2.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Players Sales Volume Ranking (2024)
• 2.4 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Company Players (2020-2025)
• 2.5 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Average Price by Company (2020-2025)
• 2.6 Key Manufacturers Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
• 2.7 Key Manufacturers Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offered
• 2.8 Key Manufacturers Time to Begin Mass Production of Semiconductor Plating Chemicals
• 2.9 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Market Competitive Analysis
  • 2.9.1 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Market Concentration Rate (2020-2025)
  • 2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Revenue in 2024
  • 2.9.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Semiconductor Plating Chemicals as of 2024)
• 2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Segmentation by Type

• 3.1 Introduction by Type
  • 3.1.1 Electroplating Solution
  • 3.1.2 Additives
  • 3.1.3 Others
• 3.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type
  • 3.2.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 3.2.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, by Type (2020-2031)
  • 3.2.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
• 3.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Type
  • 3.3.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 3.3.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume, by Type (2020-2031)
  • 3.3.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
• 3.4 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Average Price by Type (2020-2031)

4 Segmentation by Application

• 4.1 Introduction by Application
  • 4.1.1 Logic ICs
  • 4.1.2 Memory
  • 4.1.3 Advanced Packaging
  • 4.1.4 Others
• 4.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application
  • 4.2.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 4.2.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, by Application (2020-2031)
  • 4.2.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
• 4.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Application
  • 4.3.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 4.3.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume, by Application (2020-2031)
  • 4.3.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
• 4.4 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Average Price by Application (2020-2031)

5 Segmentation by Region

• 5.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Region
  • 5.1.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.1.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Region (2020-2025)
  • 5.1.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Region (2026-2031)
  • 5.1.4 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Region (%), (2020-2031)
• 5.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Region
  • 5.2.1 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.2.2 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Region (2020-2025)
  • 5.2.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Region (2026-2031)
  • 5.2.4 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume by Region (%), (2020-2031)
• 5.3 Global Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
• 5.4 North America
  • 5.4.1 North America Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.4.2 North America Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.5 Europe
  • 5.5.1 Europe Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.5.2 Europe Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.6 Asia Pacific
  • 5.6.1 Asia Pacific Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.6.2 Asia Pacific Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Region (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.7 South America
  • 5.7.1 South America Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.7.2 South America Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.8 Middle East & Africa
  • 5.8.1 Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.8.2 Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031

6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions

• 6.1 Key Countries/Regions Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value Growth Trends, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
• 6.2 Key Countries/Regions Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value and Sales Volume
  • 6.2.1 Key Countries/Regions Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.2.2 Key Countries/Regions Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Volume, 2020-2031
• 6.3 United States
  • 6.3.1 United States Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.3.2 United States Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.3.3 United States Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.4 Europe
  • 6.4.1 Europe Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.4.2 Europe Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.4.3 Europe Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.5 China
  • 6.5.1 China Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.5.2 China Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.5.3 China Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.6 Japan
  • 6.6.1 Japan Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.6.2 Japan Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.6.3 Japan Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.7 South Korea
  • 6.7.1 South Korea Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.7.2 South Korea Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.7.3 South Korea Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.8 Southeast Asia
  • 6.8.1 Southeast Asia Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.8.2 Southeast Asia Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.8.3 Southeast Asia Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.9 India
  • 6.9.1 India Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.9.2 India Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.9.3 India Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031

7 Company Profiles

• 7.1 DuPont
  • 7.1.1 DuPont Company Information
  • 7.1.2 DuPont Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.1.3 DuPont Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.1.4 DuPont Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.1.5 DuPont Recent Development
• 7.2 Uyemura
  • 7.2.1 Uyemura Company Information
  • 7.2.2 Uyemura Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.2.3 Uyemura Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.4 Uyemura Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.2.5 Uyemura Recent Development
• 7.3 Element Solutions (MacDermid Enthone)
  • 7.3.1 Element Solutions (MacDermid Enthone) Company Information
  • 7.3.2 Element Solutions (MacDermid Enthone) Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.3.3 Element Solutions (MacDermid Enthone) Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.3.4 Element Solutions (MacDermid Enthone) Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.3.5 Element Solutions (MacDermid Enthone) Recent Development
• 7.4 MKS (Atotech)
  • 7.4.1 MKS (Atotech) Company Information
  • 7.4.2 MKS (Atotech) Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.4.3 MKS (Atotech) Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.4 MKS (Atotech) Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.4.5 MKS (Atotech) Recent Development
• 7.5 TANAKA
  • 7.5.1 TANAKA Company Information
  • 7.5.2 TANAKA Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.5.3 TANAKA Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.5.4 TANAKA Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.5.5 TANAKA Recent Development
• 7.6 Tama Chemicals (Moses Lake Industries)
  • 7.6.1 Tama Chemicals (Moses Lake Industries) Company Information
  • 7.6.2 Tama Chemicals (Moses Lake Industries) Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.6.3 Tama Chemicals (Moses Lake Industries) Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.6.4 Tama Chemicals (Moses Lake Industries) Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.6.5 Tama Chemicals (Moses Lake Industries) Recent Development
• 7.7 Phichem
  • 7.7.1 Phichem Company Information
  • 7.7.2 Phichem Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.7.3 Phichem Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.7.4 Phichem Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.7.5 Phichem Recent Development
• 7.8 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
  • 7.8.1 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Company Information
  • 7.8.2 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.8.3 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.8.4 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.8.5 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Recent Development
• 7.9 Umicore
  • 7.9.1 Umicore Company Information
  • 7.9.2 Umicore Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.9.3 Umicore Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.9.4 Umicore Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.9.5 Umicore Recent Development
• 7.10 BASF
  • 7.10.1 BASF Company Information
  • 7.10.2 BASF Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.10.3 BASF Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.10.4 BASF Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.10.5 BASF Recent Development
• 7.11 Soulbrain
  • 7.11.1 Soulbrain Company Information
  • 7.11.2 Soulbrain Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.11.3 Soulbrain Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.11.4 Soulbrain Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.11.5 Soulbrain Recent Development
• 7.12 Japan Pure Chemical
  • 7.12.1 Japan Pure Chemical Company Information
  • 7.12.2 Japan Pure Chemical Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.12.3 Japan Pure Chemical Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.12.4 Japan Pure Chemical Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.12.5 Japan Pure Chemical Recent Development
• 7.13 JCU CORPORATION
  • 7.13.1 JCU CORPORATION Company Information
  • 7.13.2 JCU CORPORATION Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.13.3 JCU CORPORATION Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.13.4 JCU CORPORATION Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.13.5 JCU CORPORATION Recent Development
• 7.14 Technic
  • 7.14.1 Technic Company Information
  • 7.14.2 Technic Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.14.3 Technic Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.14.4 Technic Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.14.5 Technic Recent Development
• 7.15 ADEKA
  • 7.15.1 ADEKA Company Information
  • 7.15.2 ADEKA Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.15.3 ADEKA Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.15.4 ADEKA Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.15.5 ADEKA Recent Development
• 7.16 Kanto Chemical
  • 7.16.1 Kanto Chemical Company Information
  • 7.16.2 Kanto Chemical Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.16.3 Kanto Chemical Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.16.4 Kanto Chemical Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.16.5 Kanto Chemical Recent Development
• 7.17 Shanghai Sinyang Semiconductor Materials
  • 7.17.1 Shanghai Sinyang Semiconductor Materials Company Information
  • 7.17.2 Shanghai Sinyang Semiconductor Materials Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.17.3 Shanghai Sinyang Semiconductor Materials Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.17.4 Shanghai Sinyang Semiconductor Materials Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.17.5 Shanghai Sinyang Semiconductor Materials Recent Development
• 7.18 GHTECH
  • 7.18.1 GHTECH Company Information
  • 7.18.2 GHTECH Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.18.3 GHTECH Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.18.4 GHTECH Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.18.5 GHTECH Recent Development
• 7.19 Ishihara Chemical
  • 7.19.1 Ishihara Chemical Company Information
  • 7.19.2 Ishihara Chemical Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.19.3 Ishihara Chemical Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.19.4 Ishihara Chemical Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Product Offerings
  • 7.19.5 Ishihara Chemical Recent Development

8 Industry Chain Analysis

• 8.1 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Industrial Chain
• 8.2 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Upstream Analysis
  • 8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
  • 8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
  • 8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
• 8.3 Midstream Analysis
• 8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
• 8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
  • 8.5.1 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Sales Model
  • 8.5.2 Sales Channel
  • 8.5.3 Semiconductor Plating Chemicals Distributors

9 Research Findings and Conclusion

10 Appendix

• 10.1 Research Methodology
  • 10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
    • 10.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
    • 10.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
    • 10.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
  • 10.1.2 Data Source
    • 10.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
    • 10.1.2.2 Primary Sources
• 10.2 Author Details
• 10.3 Disclaimer