중국의 신에너지차 열 관리 시스템 시장(2025-2026년)

Policy and Regulation Drive: Promoting the Development of Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Systems towards Environmental Compliance, Active Safety Protection, and Thermal Runaway Management

According to the "National Plan for China's Implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (2025-2030)", China will fully strengthen the management of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), synergistically address ozone layer depletion and climate change, and promote the green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of related industries. For the first time, HFCs used in automotive air conditioning have been included in the scope of control, with relevant provisions including:

By January 1, 2029, the usage of HFCs for controlled purposes shall be reduced by at least 10% of the baseline value, and priority will be given to carrying out reduction activities in key industries such as automobiles, home appliances, and commercial refrigeration and air conditioning.

Starting from July 1, 2029, the automotive industry shall prohibit the use of refrigerants with a GWP (Global Warming Potential) greater than 150 in the air conditioning systems of newly declared M1 category vehicles; it is encouraged to carry out research and development and application of natural refrigerant substitution technologies in the field of electric vehicle thermal systems.

Standardize the prevention of refrigerant leakage and recycling management in the automotive industry, strengthen the supervision of refrigerant recovery during automobile maintenance, and ensure refrigerant recovery during the dismantling of end-of-life vehicles.

Study the inclusion of requirements for the use and leakage control of automotive air conditioning refrigerants in the next phase of motor vehicle emission standards.

In accordance with the national plan, passenger cars must fully switch to refrigerants with a GWP below 150 by 2029. In the future, multiple technical routes will develop in parallel, including natural refrigerants represented by carbon dioxide (R744) and propane (R290), as well as various low-GWP mixed refrigerants. At present, the domestic refrigerant is still dominated by R134a, which will rapidly switch to the next-generation refrigerant driven by policies, leading to the iterative upgrading of relevant components of the automotive thermal management system, such as electric compressors, refrigerants, pipelines, and pressure devices.

Currently, most of the relevant standards for domestic automotive thermal management systems are aimed at traditional automotive thermal management systems and components, while standards related to electric vehicle thermal management systems are constantly being improved. A large number of new electric vehicle thermal management standards were issued in 2025, promoting the development of electric vehicle thermal management systems towards environmental compliance, active safety protection, and thermal runaway management.

"Motor Vehicle Engine Coolant": A mandatory technical specification in China's national standard system, consisting of two parts: GB 29743.1 (Fuel vehicle engine coolant) and GB 29743.2 (Electric vehicle coolant). GB 29743.1-2022 was issued on December 29, 2022, and implemented on July 1, 2023, replacing the original GB 29743-2013 standard. The new national standard GB 29743.2-2025 "Motor Vehicle Coolant - Part 2: Electric vehicle coolant" was issued on March 28, 2025, and officially implemented on October 1. Led by the Ministry of Transport, this standard, targeting the characteristics of high-voltage circuits in electric vehicles, for the first time clarifies that the electrical conductivity of the coolant must be <= 100 μS/cm, and strengthens performance requirements such as corrosion resistance and thermal stability, reducing the risk of battery short circuits and thermal-runaway from the source.

"Rubber Hoses and Tubing for Cooling Systems": Current national standard GB/T 18948-2017 "Rubber hoses and tubing for cooling systems for internal-combustion engines-Specification" was formulated mainly to meet the needs of traditional fuel vehicles, and insufficiently considers the special requirements of new energy vehicle cooling systems. The technical requirements for testing in this standard can no longer meet the development needs of the current automotive industry in many aspects, especially in the two key indicators of electrical performance and flame-retardant performance. For example, if the rubber hoses in the cooling system of an electric vehicle do not have sufficient flame-retardant performance in the event of a collision or battery failure, a fire may break out quickly, causing serious consequences. Insufficient electrical performance may lead to failures of the electrical system, affecting the safe operation of the vehicle. GB/T 18948-2025 has been issued, changing the standard name to "Rubber hoses and tubing for cooling systems for automotives-Specification". Based on the 2017 version, it adopts ISO 4081:2016 with modifications and extends to electric vehicles, with a planned implementation date of March 1, 2026.

New National Standard for Power Batteries "Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements" (GB 38031-2025): This standard was issued in 2025 and will be officially implemented on July 1, 2026. For models that have obtained type approval, the implementation time of the standard is slightly later, on July 1, 2027. This means that the design goal of the Battery Management System (BMS) has fully shifted from "temperature control" to "safety protection", and its performance requirements have been raised to an unprecedented level.

1.Ultimate balance between heat dissipation and thermal insulation performance: The new national standard requires that the temperature of the battery pack must be controlled below 60°C without catching fire after thermal runaway. This requires the thermal management system to have ultra-efficient heat transfer capacity to cope with the huge heat released instantly during thermal runaway. At the same time, to prevent thermal propagation, excellent thermal insulation materials (such as high-performance aerogel, foam, etc.) must be used between cells and modules to block heat transfer. The system needs to upgrade from "heat dissipation-oriented" to an integrated solution of "precision temperature control, rapid heat dissipation, and efficient thermal insulation".

2.New requirements for the performance of thermal management fluids/coolants: As a key medium of the thermal management system, coolants need to meet more stringent performance indicators:

Higher heat dissipation efficiency: To meet the extreme heat dissipation needs during thermal runaway.

Stronger insulation: The new national standard improves the insulation resistance requirements. As a medium in contact with live components, the insulation reliability of the coolant is crucial.

Better stability and compatibility: It needs to adapt to the higher operating temperature brought by fast charging, and remain stable without leakage or performance degradation when the battery is hit.

3.Promote the evolution of thermal management technical routes: To meet the new requirements, traditional solutions such as indirect liquid cooling may face challenges. Technical routes such as immersion cooling, which can achieve direct contact between cells and coolants with higher heat transfer efficiency, are becoming important development trends due to their faster response to temperature changes and higher safety factors, although their costs are relatively higher. At the same time, solid-state batteries are generally considered to naturally meet the requirements of "no fire and no explosion" due to the non-flammable and high-temperature resistant characteristics of their solid electrolytes. The implementation of the new national standard will accelerate their industrialization process.

Environmentally Friendly Refrigerants for Automotive Air Conditioning: OEMs are Accelerating the Introduction of New Refrigerants to Meet Low-GWP Requirements and Adapt to the Global Market

In accordance with the national plan, passenger cars must fully switch to refrigerants with a GWP below 150 by 2029. In the future, multiple technical routes will develop in parallel, including natural refrigerants represented by carbon dioxide (R744) and propane (R290), as well as various low-GWP mixed refrigerants.

New refrigerants are evolving from the previously commonly used R11, R12, R134a, R1234yf, etc., to low-GWP refrigerants such as R290 and R744, including a transition phase compatible with different refrigerants. In the short to medium term, mixed refrigerants may be a possible solution path (such as R290 mixed with R134a or R1234yf, a transition plan to meet regulatory, technical, and cost requirements).

R290 small-scale/modular heat pumps: R290 (propane) is a natural refrigerant with extremely low environmental impact (ODP=0, GWP≈3), belonging to class A3 highly flammable refrigerants. After leakage, it is easy to form a flammable mixture within a certain concentration range, thus putting forward higher requirements for the sealing, explosion-proof, and leakage monitoring of the system. R290 is relatively more suitable for small-scale, closed application scenarios where the charge amount and ventilation path can be strictly controlled. For example, exploring R290 local heating (with strictly controlled charge amount and leakage monitoring) in small loops such as the cabin/steering wheel/seats as an energy efficiency enhancement method for the vehicle thermal management. At the same time, introducing blended refrigerants such as R1234yf and R134a into the R290 main line can cover medium and low-temperature working conditions or platforms more sensitive to cost/supply chain, which has gradually become a key promotion direction of the industry.

R744 (carbon dioxide) heat pumps: Among the existing main alternative options, R744 (carbon dioxide) is currently the only refrigerant route that can meet the medium and long-term regulatory requirements of the three major markets simultaneously, realizing "one system, global access", and may become a long-term development route. However, the cost of R744 (carbon dioxide) heat pumps will increase significantly, and the technical difficulty is relatively large, making it difficult for OEMs to introduce them quickly in short term.

OEMs are accelerating the introduction of new refrigerants to meet the low-GWP requirements at the regulatory level and based on adapting to the global market.

Taking Li Auto as an example, its next-generation thermal management system lays out two directions simultaneously: the R290 (propane) system and the carbon dioxide (R744) system.

R290 (propane) system:

Advantages: R290 has better performance at low temperatures than the traditional R134a refrigerant and is more environmentally friendly. Its refrigeration capacity is strong, up to 13.6kW, far exceeding the demand for fast charging in summer.

Challenges and solutions: The main disadvantage of R290 is its flammability. To this end, Li Auto's design solution is to significantly reduce the refrigerant charge to a minimum, from about 2 kilograms of refrigerant in the traditional R134a system to only 0.2 kilograms. At the same time, by highly integrating the liquid storage tank, intermediate heat exchanger, and pipelines, safety is improved to facilitate collision prevention and leakage prevention.

System characteristics: The system adopts three six-way valves, which can realize up to 22 working modes. Both refrigeration and heating rely on the same system. The heat source comes from the water-cooled condenser, and the cold source comes from the Chiller (battery cooler).

Carbon dioxide (R744) system:

Advantages: The carbon dioxide system has the best low-temperature heating performance, saving about 40% of energy compared with the R134a system during heating, and the heat pump heating power can reach 8kW.

Challenges: Its high-temperature performance is limited because the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is relatively low, only 31°C.

Tier1 Suppliers Intensively Launch Next-Generation Thermal Management Integrated Modules and Electric Compressors

With the emergence of new environmentally friendly refrigerants with zero ODP and low GWP (<=4) such as R744 (carbon dioxide), R290, and R1234yf as alternatives for automotive refrigerants, changes in refrigerants will lead to adjustments in the design of compressors, including scroll strength, torque bearing, sealing methods, and control strategies, which require targeted upgrades to ensure system reliability and energy efficiency.

The electric compressors of new energy vehicles have achieved a functional leap from single temperature regulation to multi-system collaborative intelligent management, and are key components for vehicle energy efficiency. The technical trends of automotive electric compressors are mainly reflected in the following aspects: high efficiency and energy saving, breakthrough in low-temperature heating technology, system integration, refrigerant substitution, material upgrading, and structural optimization.

Tier1 suppliers adopt a dual main line for refrigerant routes and have launched a series of new products such as integrated modules and compressors in 2024-2025:

One is the alpine high-efficiency heat pump route centered on CO2 (R744), emphasizing efficient heating capacity even under extremely cold conditions such as -35°C;

The other is the natural refrigerant high-efficiency route represented by R290, which has the advantages of low charge, high energy efficiency, and low carbon, and is accelerating vehicle application verification. Synchronously, heat pump systems and integrated modules (including valve islands, plate heat exchangers, and controllers) are being promoted collaboratively to form a systematic supply of "compressors + thermal management modules", meeting the multi-objective optimization of vehicle energy efficiency, comfort, and energy supplement efficiency.

With the continuous progress of technology, in the future, the efficiency of vehicle thermal management system will be higher and more complex. The refrigerant side (agent side) and water side will be integrated, and the overall development will be in the direction of integration.

The integrated thermal management agent-side component adopts a design concept without air conditioning pipes, integrating air conditioning components including compressors, electronic expansion valves, WCC (water-cooled condensers), Chillers (battery coolers), and receiver driers into one module, reducing refrigerant pipelines, lowering refrigerant charge, and improving system safety and efficiency.

The integrated thermal management water side (coolant circuit) component, with sensible heat transport as the core, serves the battery, motor/electronic control, cabin heating, etc., and realizes multi-circuit coupling and waste heat recovery through electronic water pumps, multi-way valves, water-cooled condensers (WCDC), Chillers, radiators, etc.

Midea Welling has launched an indirect heat pump integration solution, realizing deep coupling of the thermal fields of the passenger compartment, battery compartment, and electric drive compartment through refrigerant-side integrated design, and intelligently distributing heat to improve energy efficiency. Through topological architecture innovation, multi-motor integrated electronic architecture, and algorithm optimization, this module not only shortens the development cycle of vehicle thermal management but also conforms to the trend of the next-generation vehicle electrical architecture.

Table of Contents

1 Technology and Market Automotive Thermal Management Systems

• 1.1 Definition and Classification of Automotive Thermal Management Systems
• Definition of New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• Components of New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• Research Framework of Automotive Thermal Management Systems: Fuel Vehicles vs. New Energy Vehicles - Thermal Management Architecture Diagram
• Research Framework of Automotive Thermal Management Systems: Fuel Vehicles vs. New Energy Vehicles - Differences in System Structure
• Research Framework of Automotive Thermal Management Systems: Segmented Application Scenarios (New Energy Vehicles)
• Research Framework of Automotive Thermal Management Systems: Segmented Application Scenarios (New Energy Vehicles) - Components in Each Scenario
• Research Framework of Automotive Thermal Management Systems: Environmental and Working Condition Dimensions (New Energy Vehicles)
• Research Framework of Automotive Thermal Management Systems: Fuel Vehicles vs. New Energy Vehicles - Differences in Segmented Components
• Research Framework of Automotive Thermal Management Systems: Hybrid Electric Vehicles vs. Battery Electric Vehicles - Differences in Segmented Components
• Industrial Chain Structure of New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• 1.2 Technical Standards and Trends of Automotive Thermal Management Systems
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Coolants
• New National Standard in 2025: GB 29743.2-2025 "Motor Vehicle Coolant-Part 2: Electric Vehicle Coolant" (1)
• New National Standard in 2025: GB 29743.2-2025 "Motor Vehicle Coolant-Part 2: Electric Vehicle Coolant" (3)
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Automotive Air Conditioners
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Automotive Air Conditioning Compressors
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Automotive Air Conditioning Refrigerants/Coolants
• New Policy in 2025: "National Plan for China's Implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (2025-2030)"
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Other Components of Automotive Air Conditioning
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - PTC Heaters
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Rubber Hoses and Tubing for Cooling Systems
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Electronic Expansion Valves, Thermal Expansion Valves
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Thermal Management Control Systems
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - Safety Requirements for Power Batteries
• New National Standard in 2025: "Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements" (GB 38031-2025)
• Technical Standards for Automotive Thermal Management Systems in China - National Standard for "Energy Consumption Limits for Electric Vehicles", Strengthening Energy Efficiency Management
• 1.3 Global and China New Energy Vehicle Sales and Market Size of Thermal Management System
• China's New Energy Passenger Car Sales (Domestic + Export), 2024-2030E
• China's Passenger Car and New Energy Passenger Car (BEV) Sales (by EV/PHEV/REEV), 2022-2030E (Data Table)
• China's New Energy Passenger Car (BEV) Thermal Management System Market Size, 2022-2030E (Data Table)
• China's New Energy Passenger Car (BEV) Thermal Management System (by Segmented Components) Market Size, 2022-2030E (Data Table)
• Global Passenger Car Sales (by Core Regions), 2022-2030E (Data Table)
• 1.4 Hotspots and Trends of Automotive Thermal Management Systems
• Functions of Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• Hotspots of Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• Research Hotspots of Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Systems - Refrigerant Injection Vapor Injection
• Comprehensive Utilization of Multi-Grade Heat Sources
• Three-Medium Heat Exchangers
• Vehicle Thermal Management Intelligent Control
• Environmentally Friendly Refrigerant Thermal Management Systems
• Environmentally Friendly Refrigerant Thermal Management Systems (R290)
• Future Development Directions of Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Systems

2 Evolution Trends of Supply Chain Components in New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems

• 2.1 Functional Modules: Automotive Thermal Management System Integrated Modules (Agent Side, Water Side)
• Development Trends of New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management System Integration Solutions
• Agent Side: ITMR Integrated Thermal Management Agent-Side Integrated Modules (Components)
• Agent Side: ITMR Integrated Thermal Management Agent-Side Integrated Modules (Components): Integration Trends and Cases
• Water Side: Integrated Thermal Management Water-Side Integrated Modules
• Water Side: Integrated Thermal Management Water-Side Integrated Modules: Core Components
• Water Side: Integrated Thermal Management Water-Side Integrated Modules: Product Cases
• 2.2 Functional Modules: Passenger Compartment Cooling/Heating - Heat Pumps Air Conditioners/Compressors/Refrigerants/PTC/Valves, etc.
  • 2.2.1 Automotive Thermal Management - Heat Pump Air Conditioning Systems
• Development History and Trends of Heat Pump Systems
• Working Principle of New Energy Vehicle Heat Pump Systems
• Structure of New Energy Vehicle Heat Pump Systems
• New Energy Vehicle Heat Pump Systems vs. PTC Heating Systems - Components
• Cost Comparison of Refrigerants for New Energy Vehicle Heat Pump Air Conditioning
• Summary of Development Trends of Heat Pump Systems
• Heat Pump Systems: Development Trend 1
• Heat Pump Systems: Development Trend 6
• Summary of OEMs' Heat Pump System Design Ideas
• Summary of OEMs' Refrigerant Heat Pump System Design Ideas
  • 2.2.2 Automotive Thermal Management - Refrigerants/Coolants
• Development History and Trends of Refrigerants
• Chinese Regulations are Promoting the Prohibition of High-GWP Automotive Air Conditioning Refrigerants
• New Refrigerants: Technical Characteristics, Challenges, and Scenario Adaptability
• New Refrigerants: Key Technical Risks, Countermeasures, and Introduction Rhythm
• Summary of OEMs' New Refrigerant Introduction Ideas
• Tier1 Suppliers' New Refrigerant Compressor Products (1)
• Tier1 Suppliers' New Refrigerant Compressor Products (4)
• Welling Auto Parts' Carbon Dioxide (R744) and R290 Compressors
• CO2 (R744) Refrigerant: Technical Comparison with R1234yf and R290
• CO2 (R744) Refrigerant: Technical Comparison with R1234yf
• CO2 (R744) Refrigerant: Core Components
• CO2 (R744) Refrigerant: Technical Advantages and Disadvantages
• CO2 (R744) Refrigerant: Key Technical Challenges
  • 2.2.3 Automotive Thermal Management - Electric Compressors
• Technical Development Path of Thermal Management System - Electric Compressors
• Status Quo of Electric Compressors for New Energy Vehicles
• Electric Scroll Compressors: Structural Composition
• Electric Scroll Compressors: Working Principle
• Electric Scroll Compressors: Technical Evaluation Indicators
• Electric Compressors: Summary of Technical Development Trends
• Electric Compressors: Technical Development Trend 1
• Electric Compressors: Technical Development Trend 6
• Innovative Solutions for Electric Compressors
• BOM Cost Breakdown of Electric Compressors
• China's New Energy Passenger Car Electric Compressor Market Size (2022~2030E)
• Electric Compressor Market Pattern: Top 10 Manufacturers in China's New Energy Passenger Car Electric Compressor Market, January-October 2025
• Electric Compressor Market Pattern: Top 10 Manufacturers in China's New Energy Passenger Car Electric Compressor Market, 2024
• Electric Compressor Market Pattern: Top 7 Manufacturers in the Global New Energy Passenger Car Electric Compressor Market, 2025
• Core Suppliers' Business and Product Progress of Electric Compressors (1)
• Core Suppliers' Business and Product Progress of Electric Compressors (4)
  • 2.2.4 Automotive Thermal Management - PTC Heaters
• Summary of Development Trends of New Energy Vehicle PTC/Heat Pump Air Conditioning
• Development History and Trends of New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management - PTC
• Classification of New Energy Vehicle Heating Systems
• New Energy Vehicle Heating System Method 1: PTC Heaters
• New Energy Vehicle Heating System Method 2: Heat Pump Air Conditioning
• PTC Heater Integration Case 1
• PTC Heater Integration Case 4
• Development Trends and Size of PTC Heaters
• PTC Heaters: Core Suppliers' Business and Product Progress
  • 2.2.5 Automotive Thermal Management - Heat Pump Integrated Valves
• Structure of Heat Pump Integrated Valves
• Heat Pump Integrated Valves
  • 2.2.6 Automotive Thermal Management - Electronic Water Valves/Multi-Way Valves
• Water Valves: Technical Development Paths
• Electronic Water Valves: Structure
• Electronic Water Valves: Control System
• Electronic Water Valves: Working Principle
• Electronic Water Valves: Working Modes
• Electronic Water Valves: Summary of Technical Development Trends
• Electronic Water Valve Control Strategy Solution
• Electronic Water Valves: Actuators
• Electronic Water Valves: Innovative Solutions
• Electronic Water Valves: BOM Cost Breakdown
• Electronic Water Valves: China's New Energy Passenger Car Market Size (2022~2030E)
• Electronic Water Valves/Multi-Way Valves: Various Automakers' Solution Routes
• Electronic Water Valves/Multi-Way Valves: Core Suppliers' Business and Product Progress
  • 2.2.7 Automotive Thermal Management - Electronic Expansion Valves
• Development History and Trends
• Expansion Valves: Technical Development Path
• Expansion Valves: Summary of Technical Development Trends
• Product Structure
• Structural Composition
• Working Principle
• Control Strategy
• Communication Methods
• Actuators
• Evolution Trend
• Market Pattern and Manufacturer Layout
• Summary of Supply Chain Solutions
• Innovative Solution
• BOM Cost Breakdown
• China's Passenger Car Electronic Expansion Valve Market Size (2022~2030)
• 2.3 Functional Module: Power Battery Cooling/Heating
  • 2.3.1 New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems: Power Battery Cooling
• Passenger Car Thermal Management - Development History and Trends
• Key Information and Directional Trends of Five Core Components in EV Battery Thermal Management
• Driving Factors for Passenger Car Thermal Management - China's GB 38031-2025 Standard
• Classification of Methods
• Refrigerant Direct Cooling Type
• Liquid Cooling vs. Refrigerant Direct Cooling Type
• Refrigerant Direct Cooling Type: System Design Advantages
• Refrigerant Direct Cooling Type: On-Vehicle Solution Advantages
• OEMs' Refrigerant Direct Cooling Design Solutions
  • 2.3.2 New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems: Power Battery Heating
• Development History and Trends
• Technical Types
• Battery Characteristics are Significantly Affected by Low-Temperature Environments
• Power Batteries: Direct External Heating and High-Frequency Pulse Internal Heating Technologies have been Industrialized
• Power Batteries: Typical Technology (1) - Refrigerant Direct Cooling and Heating Technology
• Power Batteries: Typical Technology (2) - All-Climate Self-Heating Batteries
• Power Batteries: Typical Technology (3) - Battery Preheating Technology
• OEMs' Solutions
• 2.4 Functional Module: Motor/Electronic Control, Engine/Transmission Cooling
  • 2.4.1 Thermal Management System - Electronic Water Pumps
• Classification and Structure of Electronic Pumps
• Structural Composition
• Working Principle
• Technical Development Path
• Summary of Development Trends
• Evolution Trend - Pump-Valve Integrated Design
• China's New Energy Passenger Car Electronic Water Pump Market Size (2022~2030E)
• Top 10 Manufacturers in China's New Energy Passenger Car Electronic Water Pump Market, 2025
• Innovative Solutions
• Core Suppliers' Business and Product Progress
  • 2.4.2 Thermal Management System - Electronic Oil Pumps
• Structural Composition
• Working Principle
• Technical Development Path
• Summary of Technical Development Trends
• Innovative Solution (1)
• Innovative Solution (4)
• China's Passenger Car (New Energy + Fuel) Market Size (2022~2030E)
• Suppliers
  • 2.4.3 Thermal Management System - Electronic Fans
• Technical Development Path
• Summary of Technical Development Trends
• Structural Principle
• Evolution Trend
• Suppliers
• Innovative Solutions
• 2.5 Other Modules: Pipelines, Sensors, Controllers, etc.
  • 2.5.1 Thermal Management Controllers
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Controllers
• Signal Interaction Relationships of Automotive Thermal Management
• Signal Interaction Diagrams of Automotive Thermal Management
• Battery Electric Vehicles
• Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Functional Modules
• Hardware Requirements
• Trend 1: From Thermal Management Systems to Vehicle Energy Management Systems
• Trend 1: Vehicle Energy Management Systems - Thermal Management Control Functions
• Trend 1: Vehicle Energy Management Systems - Predictive Battery Management
• Trend 1: Vehicle Energy Management Systems - Control Algorithm and Drive Fusion Integrated Development
• Trend 2: Electric Drive (Powertrain Domain) Integrated Thermal Management Control Systems
• Trend 3: Integration and SOA Under the Zonal Architecture
  • 2.5.2 MEMS Sensors
• Main Sensors in New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• Distribution of Pressure Sensors and Temperature Sensors in New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• Technical Route of Pressure/Temperature-Pressure Integrated Sensors in Traditional Refrigerant Systems
• Typical Applications of MEMS Sensors in Thermal Management: Heat Pump Air Conditioning
• Typical Applications of MEMS Sensors in Thermal Management: Next-Generation CO2 Pressure and Temperature Sensors
• Thermal Management MEMS Solution (1)
• Thermal Management MEMS Solution (5)
  • 2.5.3 New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems - Pipelines
• Status Quo of Pipelines
• Classification of Pipeline Materials
• Nylon Coolant Pipelines
• Cooling Water Pipe Materials
• Performance Comparison of Cooling Water Pipes
• Core Suppliers' Business and Product Progress (1)
• Core Suppliers' Business and Product Progress (3)
• CO2 Refrigerant Components: Business and Product Progress of Domestic Core Suppliers
• New Product Technical Routes
• 2.6 Functional Module: 48V Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• Development Advantages
• Thermal Management Controller Architecture
• 48V Technology Updates for Key Components
• 48V PTC Heaters/Electronic Water Pumps
• 48V Cooling Fans: Technical Architecture
• 48V Cooling Fans: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
• 48V Cooling Fans: BorgWarner 48V Electronic Fans
• 48V Electronic Pumps: New Energy Vehicle Electronic Pumps
• 48V Electronic Pumps: New Energy Vehicle Classification
• 48V Electronic Pumps: New Energy Vehicle Structural Design
• 48V Electronic Pumps: New Energy Vehicle Technical Parameters
• 48V Electronic Pumps: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
• 48V PTC Heaters: Low Voltage/High Voltage
• 48V PTC Heaters: System Architecture
• 48V PTC Heaters: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications

3 OEMs' Thermal Management System Architectures and Strategies

• 3.1 Xpeng Motors
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (4)
• Pre-research Technology: Multi-Energy Flow Synergy Technology of Thermal Management Systems
• X-HP3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Xpeng G6 Thermal Management System
• X-HP3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: X-HP3.0 Empowers Energy Utilization of Electric Drive Systems
• X-HP3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: X-HP3.0 Empowers Battery Thermal Management
• X-HP3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Innovative System Architecture and Multi-Mode Control Strategy of X-HP3.0
• X-HP2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Functional Case - Xpeng P7i Thermal Management System
• X-HP2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Xpeng P7 Vehicle Thermal Management Solution - PTC Electric Heating Solution
• X-HP2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Overall Architecture of X-HP2.0 Thermal Management System
• X-HP2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Hierarchical Control Logic of X-HP2.0 Based on Temperature Thresholds and Working Condition Judgment
• 3.2 Li Auto
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (4)
• Next-Generation Thermal Management System: R290 and Carbon Dioxide
• Development of R290 Heat Pump System and Integrated Modules
• Development of Carbon Dioxide (R744) Heat Pump System and Integrated Modules
• LEEA2.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Self-Developed Multi-Source Heat Pump System
• LEEA2.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Full-Stack Self-Developed Thermal Management Architecture
• LEEA2.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Special Electric Drive Waste Heat Recovery Design
• LEEA2.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Intelligent Pre-Cooling and Pre-Heating Algorithms
• LEEA2.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Highlight Technologies of LEEA2.5
• LEEA2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Li MEGA Thermal Management System
• LEEA2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: 800V Wide Temperature Range Thermal Management System
• 3.3 Xiaomi Auto
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• SU7 Ultra Intelligent Thermal Management System: Core Suppliers of Thermal Management Systems
• SU7 Ultra Intelligent Thermal Management System: Kirin Battery Empowers Thermal Management Systems
• SU7 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Intelligent Collaborative Thermal Management Platform + Dual-Mode Heat Pump Coupling System
• SU7 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Dynamic Parameter Battery Thermal Management
• SU7 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Core Technologies and Energy Optimization Strategies
• SU7 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Collaborative Architecture of Components and Control Links
• SU7 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Pioneering Dual-Mode Heat Pump Technology
• SU7 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Three-Heat Source Stepwise Heating Technology
• SU7 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Heat Dissipation and Thermal Insulation Capabilities of Thermal Management Systems
• 3.4 NIO
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (2)
• NT3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Development Trend of Thermal Management Integrated Modules
• NT3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Refrigerant Iteration Route
• NT3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: ITM Thermal Management Integrated Module
• NT3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Integration and Sub-Module Design of Thermal Management (1)
• NT3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Integration and Sub-Module Design of Thermal Management (8)
• NT3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Highlight Technologies of ONVO L90 Thermal Management System
• NT2.0 GEN2 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Three Core Technologies of NIO ET7 Thermal Management System
• NT2.0 GEN2 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Working Process of NIO ET7 Thermal Management System
• 3.5 Leapmotor
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• LEAP4.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Leapmotor D Platform 34-in-1 Super Thermal Management System
• LEAP3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: 27-in-1 Super Integrated Thermal Management System Based on LITS3.0 Intelligent Integrated Architecture
• Cross-Domain Integration Innovative Product Layout: 27-in-1 Super Integrated Thermal Management Architecture
• LEAP3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: All-Climate Adaptation Technology of LITS3.0 Architecture Thermal Management System
• LEAP3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Scenario-Based Intelligence of LITS3.0 Architecture Thermal Management System
• LEAP3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Full-Link Optimization Based on Energy Flow of LITS3.0 Architecture Thermal Management System
• LEAP3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Triple Innovations of Integrated Heat Pump Technology
• LEAP3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: High-Efficiency Recovery Technology of Electric Drive System Waste Heat
• LEAP3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: High-Efficiency Recovery Technology of Electric Drive System Waste Heat - Waste Heat Recovery and Intelligent Switching of Flow Channels
• 3.6 Zeekr
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• Technological Breakthroughs and Evolution of Intelligent Thermal Management Systems: Core Technology Architecture - Multi-Dimensional Collaborative Thermal Management System
• Technological Breakthroughs and Evolution of Intelligent Thermal Management Systems: Working Principle - Multi-Mode Energy Regulation Logic
• Technological Breakthroughs and Evolution of Intelligent Thermal Management Systems: Performance Advantages - Measured Data and Technological Breakthroughs
• Technological Breakthroughs and Evolution of Intelligent Thermal Management Systems: Application Scenarios and Future Technological Evolution Directions
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Zeekr 7X Thermal Management System
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Nine-Source Heat Pump Technology of Zeekr 7X Thermal Management System
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Scenario Case of Zeekr 7X Thermal Management System - Frost-Free Fast-Heating Air Conditioning System
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Second-Generation Golden Brick Battery Empowers Zeekr 7X Thermal Management System
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Zeekr 009 Thermal Management System
• ZEEKR EE 2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Zeekr 007 Thermal Management System
• ZEEKR EE 2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Multiple Working Modes of Zeekr 007 Thermal Management System
• 3.7 SAIC IM Motors
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (2)
• Galaxy Full-Stack 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: New IM LS9 Intelligent Floor Heating System
• Galaxy Full-Stack 1.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: New Third-Generation Global Temperature Control Intelligent Thermal Management System of New IM L6
• IM "Stellar" Extended-Range Thermal Management System: "800V Heat Pump-TEC Coupling" System
• Galaxy Full-Stack 1.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: IM L6 Thermal Management 2.0 System + Thermal Management Intelligent Control Architecture
• Galaxy Full-Stack 1.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: IM LS6 Self-Developed Integrated Thermal Management System
• 3.8 GAC Motor
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• GAC Aion - Automotive Thermal Management System Development Stages
• GA3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: GA3.5 "Thermal Management Module, Thermal Management System and Vehicle" Technical Patents
• GA3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: GAC Aion - "Thermal Management System Architecture Based on Fourteen-Way Valve and Its Control Method"
• GA3.5 Intelligent Thermal Management System: The Battery System Adopts "Liquid Cooling Component + Refrigerant Direct Cooling"
• GA3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Magazine Battery 2.0 Empowers Thermal Management System
• 3.9 Avatr
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• HI PLUS Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Thermal Management TMS 2.0 Thermal Management System
• HI PLUS Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Thermal Management TMS 2.0 Thermal Management System - Cooling Mode
• HI PLUS Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Thermal Management TMS 2.0 Thermal Management System - Heating Mode
• 3.10 ARCFOX
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• BEEA3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: ARCFOX T1 - Aurora Battery Thermal Management Technology
• BEEA3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: ARCFOX T1 - "Wide Temperature Range, Multi-Source Heat Pump" TMS 3.0 System
• BEEA2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: New Generation IBTC Intelligent Bionic Thermal Management System
• 3.11 Changan Automobile
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (2)
• SDA2.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Patent for "Vehicle Thermal Management System and Vehicle"
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Status Quo of Changan New Energy Thermal Management Solutions - System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Status Quo of Changan New Energy Thermal Management Solutions - Components
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Development Trends of Changan New Energy Thermal Management
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Development Trends of Changan New Energy Thermal Management - Development Dimensions
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Development Trends of Changan New Energy Thermal Management - Systems Continue to Develop towards High Integration, Low Energy Consumption, and Intelligence
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Development Trends of Changan New Energy Thermal Management - Component Development Dimensions
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Development Trends of Changan New Energy Thermal Management - Project Pre-Research
• Digital Intelligence AI Electric Drive 2.0 (PHEV/REEV): Thermal Management System Solution
• 3.12 BYD
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (4)
• Super e-Platform Intelligent Thermal Management System: Tang L EV Thermal Management System
• Super e-Platform Intelligent Thermal Management System: Tang L EV Thermal Management System - Flash Charge Blade Battery Temperature Control Revolution "Three-Dimensional Thermal Flow Matrix Construction"
• Super e-Platform Intelligent Thermal Management System: Tang L EV Thermal Management System - Wide Temperature Range Heat Pump System "Global Thermal Flow Dispatch"
• Super e-Platform Intelligent Thermal Management System: Tang L EV Thermal Management System - Intelligent Thermal Management Algorithm "Millisecond-Level Dynamic Thermal Flow Planning"
• Xuanji Architecture Intelligent Thermal Management System: Fifth-Generation DM Technology - Full Temperature Range Vehicle Thermal Management Architecture
• Xuanji Architecture Intelligent Thermal Management System: Fifth-Generation DM Technology - Battery Thermal Management
• Xuanji Architecture Intelligent Thermal Management System: Fifth-Generation DM Technology - Front Compartment Thermal Management and Cockpit Thermal Management
• Xuanji Architecture Intelligent Thermal Management System: Bill of Materials and Design Drawings of BYD Fifth-Generation DM Technology
• Xuanji Architecture Intelligent Thermal Management System: Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management Systems of Yangwang U8 and Fangchengbao Bao 5
• e3.0 Evo Intelligent Thermal Management System: Sealion 07 EV "16-in-1" Integrated Thermal Management Technology
• e3.0 Evo Intelligent Thermal Management System: Intelligent Pulse Self-Heating Technology + Refrigerant Direct Cooling and Heating
• e3.0 Evo Intelligent Thermal Management System: Integrated Heat Pump + Direct Cooling and Heating Technology
• e3.0 Evo Intelligent Thermal Management System: Application of Refrigerant Direct Cooling Technology - DM-i Soft Blade Battery
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Zonal Management of BYD Thermal Management Systems
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: BYD Refrigerant Direct Cooling Technology (1)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: BYD Refrigerant Direct Cooling Technology (4)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Refrigerant Selection of BYD Refrigerant Direct Cooling Technology
• 3.13 Geely Automobile
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (3)
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Zeekr 009 Thermal Management System
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Nine-Source Heat Pump Technology of Zeekr 7X Thermal Management System
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Scenario Case of Zeekr 7X Thermal Management System - Frost-Free Fast-Heating Air Conditioning System
• ZEEKR EE 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Second-Generation Golden Brick Battery Empowers Zeekr 7X Thermal Management System
• GEEA 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Leishen EM-i Super Hybrid Empowers Thermal Management
• GEEA 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Leishen EM-i Super Hybrid Equipped with AI Technology
• GEEA 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Xingrui AI Cloud Power Empowers Thermal Management
• GEEA 3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Galaxy M9 Intelligent Thermal Management Solution
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Innovative Refrigerant Ultra-Low Temperature Heat Pump System
• 3.14 Voyah
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (2)
• ESSA+SOA Tianyuan Intelligent Thermal Management System: Future Development Direction of Thermal Management
• ESSA+SOA Tianyuan Intelligent Thermal Management System: R&D Direction of Thermal Management
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Patent for "Method, Device and Electronic Equipment for Determining Power Battery Thermal Management"
• Thermal Management System Solution of Voyah Extended-Range Models
• 3.15 Huawei Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance IHIMA
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (3)
• C-C (High-Speed Ring Network) Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Thermal Management TMS 2.0 Thermal Management System
• C-C (High-Speed Ring Network) Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Thermal Management TMS 2.0 Thermal Management System - Cooling Mode (1)
• C-C (High-Speed Ring Network) Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Thermal Management TMS 2.0 Thermal Management System - Cooling Mode (3)
• C-C (High-Speed Ring Network) Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Thermal Management TMS 2.0 Thermal Management System - Heating Mode
• C-C (High-Speed Ring Network) Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Giant Whale Battery 2.0 Platform
• C-C (Star) Intelligent Thermal Management System: Huawei Intelligent Automotive Thermal Management TMS Solution
• 3.16 FAW Hongqi
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (4)
• FEEA3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Hongqi*Tiangong Battery Electric Platform Empowers Thermal Management System
• Tiangong Pure Electric Platform Power Domain System: Low-Temperature Battery & Intelligent and Efficient Thermal Management
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Intelligent Energy Control Model
• 3.17 Chery Automobile
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (4)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Chery Zhuifeng ET-i Model Thermal Management System (1)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Chery Little Ant and Chery iCAR 03 Thermal Management Systems
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Power Battery Thermal Management of Chery Ant Electric SUV
• EEA5.0 Architecture: Communication Architecture Design of Thermal Management System
• EEA5.0 Architecture: SOA of Thermal Management System
• 3.18 Great Wall Motor
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• GEEP3.0 Intelligent Thermal Management System: Haval Raptor Model Platform and Direct Heating/Cooling Technology Analysis
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Patent for "A Vehicle Thermal Management System and Vehicle"
• 3.19 Tesla
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (1)
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology (4)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Working Modes of the Fourth-Generation Thermal Management System (1)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Working Modes of the Fourth-Generation Thermal Management System (9)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Model Y Eight-Way Valve Heat Pump Solution
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Integrated Development of Thermal Management Systems (1)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Integrated Development of Thermal Management Systems (6)
• 3.20 BMW
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Working Principle and Functions of BMW Thermal Management Modules
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: BMW i4 EV Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Energy Management Solution
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: BMW i3 EV Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Main Components of BMW i3 EV Heat Pump Air Conditioning
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Working Modes of BMW i3 EV Heat Pump Air Conditioning
• 3.21 Mercedes-Benz
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Thermal Management Technology Iteration
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Thermal Management Technology Iteration - Heat Pump 1.0 System (1)
• ......
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Thermal Management Technology Iteration - Heat Pump 1.0 System (3)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Thermal Management Technology Iteration - Heat Pump 2.0 System (1)
• ......
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Thermal Management Technology Iteration - Heat Pump 2.0 System (8)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: In-Vehicle Heating Stages of Mercedes-Benz EQB (1)
• ......
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: In-Vehicle Heating Stages of Mercedes-Benz EQB (4)
• 3.22 General Motors
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: SAIC's Third-Generation Integrated Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Ultium New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Ultium New Energy Vehicle Battery Thermal Management System
• 3.23 Volkswagen
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• Evolution Route of Thermal Management Technology
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Heat Pump System Analysis
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Heat Pump System - AC Compressor
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Heat Pump System - Valve Unit Assembly
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Heat Pump System - Control Modes
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Heat Pump System - Working Modes
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Volkswagen ID.4 X Heat Pump Air Conditioning (1)
• ......
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Volkswagen ID.4 X Heat Pump Air Conditioning (4)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Volkswagen ID.4 X Battery Thermal Management
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Volkswagen ID.4 CROZZ Power Battery Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Structural Composition of Volkswagen ID.4 CROZZ Power Battery Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Volkswagen ID.4 X Thermal Management System - R744 Refrigerant
• 3.24 Toyota
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Toyota Water-Cooled Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Battery Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: CH-R EV Power Battery Thermal Management System (1)
• ……
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: CH-R EV Power Battery Thermal Management System (3)
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Fuel Cell Vehicle Thermal Management
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Five-Way Valve Vehicle-Wide Thermal Management System
• Intelligent Thermal Management System: Patent for "Battery Control Method, Vehicle and Computer Storage Medium"
• 4 Tier1 Suppliers in New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• 4.1 Sanhua Intelligent Controls
• Profile
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• Business Scope
• Summary of Advantageous Product Lines of Automotive Thermal Management Systems
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems: Integrated Innovation Solutions (1)
• ......
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems: Integrated Innovation Solutions (5)
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems: CO? Heat Pump Technology
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems: Customer Structure
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems: Layout of Relevant Component Products
• New Energy Vehicle Heat Pump Systems: Layout of Relevant Component Products
• Automotive Electronic Expansion Valves
• Automotive Electronic Water Pumps
• Other Automotive Thermal Management Products
• 4.2 Yinlun Machinery Co., Ltd.
• Profile
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• Business Scope
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems: Customer Structure
• Summary of Advantageous Product Lines of Automotive Thermal Management Systems
• Classification of Component Products
• Automotive Thermal Management Products
• Classification of New Energy Passenger Car Thermal Management Products
• New Energy Passenger Car Engine Thermal Management Systems
• New Energy Passenger Car Battery Thermal Management
• New Energy Passenger Car Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Systems
• New Energy Passenger Car Electronic Water Pump Series
• Emerging Thermal Management Fields
• 4.3 Songz Automobile Air Conditioning Co., Ltd.
• Profile
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• Customer Structure
• Summary of Advantageous Product Lines of Automotive Thermal Management Systems
• Production and Sales Volume of New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Products
• Products of Small Vehicle Thermal Management Business
• Products of Battery Thermal Management Business
• Products of Medium and Large Bus Thermal Management Business
• 4.4 Tenglong Auto Parts Co., Ltd.
• Profile
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• Global Business Scope
• Domestic Business Scope
• Customer Structure
• Business Mode of Automotive Thermal Management System Business
• Automotive Thermal Management System Products
• 4.5 Aotecar
• Profile
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• Customer Structure
• Technology Development Roadmap
• Automotive Air Conditioning Systems
• Low-Temperature Heat Pump Systems
• Production and Sales Volume of Thermal Management Systems
• Overview of Thermal Management System Architecture
• Comparison of Thermal Management Technology Performance
• Refined Temperature Management of Battery Packs
• Battery Cooling Systems
• Highlights of Vehicle Air Conditioning Systems
• Advantages of Engine Thermal Management Systems
• R290 Environmentally Friendly Refrigerant Heat Pump System
• Technological Breakthroughs in Vapor Injection Enthalpy Increase
• Intelligent Energy Management Algorithms
• Development Directions of Thermal Management Technology
• Outlook on Low-Carbon Technology
• 4.6 Feilong Auto Components Co., Ltd.
• Profile
• Development History
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• Business Scope
• Customer Structure
• Revenue and Product Composition
• Electronic Water Pump Products
• Thermal Management Integrated Modules
• Types of Liquid-Cooled Pump Products and Corresponding Selection Distribution for Different IDC Application Scenarios
• 4.7 Dunan Artificial Environment
• Profile
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• Business Scope
• Customer Structure
• Product Composition and Innovative Technologies (1)
• ......
• Product Composition and Innovative Technologies (7)
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Business
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Products
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Units
• 4.8 Lucky Harvest Co., Ltd.
• Power Battery Refrigerant Direct Cooling Technology
• 4.9 Kelai Mechatronics Engineering
• Profile
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• Key Customers and Technologies
• New Energy Vehicle Component Business Mode
• Cooling Water Pipes
• R744 High-Pressure Air Conditioning Pipes and Valve Parts
• 4.10 Baling Technology
• Profile
• Financial Data: 2023-2025
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management System R&D Projects
• Key Customers of New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Systems
• New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management System Products
• 4.11 Valeo
• Profile
• China Business Scope
• Global Business Scope
• Summary of Advantageous Product Lines of Automotive Thermal Management Systems
• Matching Models of Automotive Thermal Management System Products
• Thermal Management Systems: Thermal Management Technology Analysis (1)
• ......
• Thermal Management Systems: Thermal Management Technology Analysis (4)
• Thermal Management Systems: Thermal Management Technology Competitiveness Analysis
• Thermal Management Systems: Thermal Management System Market Supply Pattern
• Thermal Management Systems: Thermal Management Technology Empowers Charging Efficiency
• Thermal Management Systems: Thermal Management Technology Innovation and Customer Resources
• Thermal Management Systems: Next-Generation Heat Pump Technology
• Thermal Management Systems: FlexHeaters
• Thermal Management Systems: Battery Thermal Management Systems
• Thermal Management Systems: Thermal Management Systems Under Fast-Charging
• 4.12 Denso
• Profile
• Customer Structure
• Product Layout
• Financial Data
• Business Scope
• Global Layout
• China Layout
• Development History of Thermal Management Systems
• Automotive Thermal Management System Products
• Heat Pump System Development Stages
• Heat Pump Systems
• 4.13 MAHLE
• Profile
• Core Business
• Global Layout
• China Layout
• Summary of Advantageous Product Lines of Automotive Thermal Management Systems
• Vehicle Thermal Management Technology Iteration
• Technical Next-Generation Thermal Management Integrated Modules
• Technical Next-Generation Thermal Management Integrated Modules - Technological Prospects and Compatibility
• High-Voltage PTC Heaters - The Art of Balancing Lightweight and Low-Temperature Range
• Development of Automotive Thermal Management
• Passenger Car Thermal Management Systems - Refrigerant Circuit with Expansion Valve
• Automotive Thermal Management Products - Air Conditioning Systems and Their Components
• Automotive Thermal Management Products - Engine Cooling Components and Modules
• Integrated Thermal Management Systems
• Engine Cooling Systems
• Cooling Systems - Direct Charge Air Cooling Circuit
• Cooling Systems - Indirect Intercooler Circuit
• Cooling Systems - Exhaust Gas Recirculation Cooling for Indirect Charge Air Cooling Circuit