<2024> 리튬이온 2차전지 음극재 기술 동향 및 시장 전망 (-2035)

There are three issues below that continue to be issued regarding anode materials for secondary batteries.

1) Expansion of silicon anode materials due to fast charging issues

2) In relation to IRA, subsidies cannot be applied to Chinese graphite anode materials, and as a countermeasure to this, graphite sourcing sources outside of China are being discovered.

3) R&D on anode materials for next-generation batteries (Sodium-ion batteries, All-solid-state batteries)

First, 1) Silicon anode materials are being driven strongly due to the need for improved energy density and fast charging due to high specific capacity, but the biggest issue is that a dominant silicon anode material platform has not yet emerged.

SiOx and Si-C, which are currently the mainstream silicon anode materials, are still quite expensive, and it is difficult to say that technological and price superiority has yet been established compared to new technologies, products, and manufacturing methods currently being researched or developed. Currently, more than 100 battery companies, material companies, mid-sized companies, start-ups, or academic/research institutes around the world are conducting various research and development and product launches on silicon anode materials, so technologically advanced products and manufacturing methods will emerge in the future. In this report, we investigated these silicon anode material companies in detail.

Second, 2) discovering sourcing sources for graphite anode materials outside of China. Currently, 98% of LIB anode materials are graphite, and Chinese companies account for more than 90% of graphite supply. In accordance with the IRA bill proposed by US, it was initially decided not to provide subsidies for xEV batteries containing anode materials manufactured by companies in foreign countries of concern (FEOC) such as China from January 2025, but it was difficult to apply this in reality. Therefore, in May 2024, they decided to postpone the triggering of these conditions for two years and apply them from January 2027.

Although we have gained two years of time, we must immediately discover sources for graphite anode materials outside of China. Therefore, we need to look for graphite companies in the US or Europe, but it is not easy to find a suitable supplier in terms of technology and quantity. In this report, we also investigated the status of non-Chinese graphite anode material companies in detail, such as in Australia, Europe, and the United States.

Lastly, 3) R&D on SIB or ASB anode materials. Hard carbon is mainly used as the anode material for sodium-ion batteries, which adopted sodium (Na) as a transport material in batteries instead of lithium (Li), which has a limited amount of mining. In addition, in some silicon anode materials, porous hard carbon is used as a support for nano silicon, so hard carbon is considered an important material that can be used as the anode material among materials other than graphite and silicon.

In some cases, carbon-based materials (graphite, hard carbon) or silicon are used as anode materials for all-solid-state batteries (ASSB), but Li-metal is also being continuously reviewed, so if Li-metal is used, the scope of secondary battery anode materials is expected to be expanded. We should be interested in the trend of hard carbon, which is an amorphous carbon material, or lithium anode material, a complete metal. Representative new anode material candidates that are being researched/developed or partially applied in line with this trend include silicon-based and Li metal, and improvements to existing carbon-based anode materials are also being carried out in parallel, and research on anode-free and fast charging technology is actively underway. This report reflects these recent trends and R&D status.

In particular, the latest technological trends centered on silicon-based materials and Li metal were discussed in depth, and the performance improvement of existing and new materials and the R&D status of hybrid products were also examined. This report also looked at industry trends in fast charging technology design and anode-free technology.

In addition, this report analyzed the use of anode materials and SCM of major battery companies in detail for the past three years. Each type (natural graphite, artificial graphite, silicon-based) of supply-chain companies were divided into Tier1, Tier2, and countries, and more than 100 companies were analyzed in detail.

We hope this report will be helpful in analyzing the global secondary battery market, anode material market and in business strategy.

Table of Contents

INDEX

Report Overview

Chapter 1. Anode Material Technology Status and Development Trend

• 1.1. Introduction
• 1.2. Types of Anode Material
  • 1.2.1. Li-metal
  • 1.2.2. Carbon-based Anode Material
  • 1.2.3. Anode Material Development Status

Chapter 2. Carbon-based Anode Material

• 2.1. Overview of Carbon-based Anode Material
• 2.2. Manufacturing Carbon-based Anode Material
  • 2.2.1. Gas-phase Carbonization
  • 2.2.2. Liquid-phase Carbonization
  • 2.2.3. Solid-phase Carbonization
• 2.3. Soft Carbon-based Anode Material
  • 2.3.1. Structural Properties
  • 2.3.2. Electrochemial Properties
  • 2.3.3. Electrode Reaction Mechanism
  • 2.3.4. Manufacturing Method
  • 2.3.5. Artificial Graphite
  • 2.3.6. Natural Graphite
  • 2.3.7. Carbon Calcinated in Low Temperature
  • 2.3.8. Other Materials
• 2.4. Hard Carbon-based Anode Material
  • 2.4.1. Structural Properties
  • 2.4.2. Electrochemical Properties
  • 2.4.3. Electrode Reaction Mechanism
  • 2.4.4. Manufacturing Method
• 2.5. Recollecting and Recycling of Carbon-based Anode Materials from Waste Batteries

Chapter 3. Alloy-based Anode Material

• 3.1. Overview of Alloy-based Anode Material
• 3.2. Properties of Alloy-based Anode Material
• 3.3. Problems and Solutions of Alloy-based Anode Material
  • 3.3.1. Representative Problems
  • 3.3.2. Metal Composite Anode Material
  • 3.3.3. Metal-Carbon Composite Anode Material
• 3.4. SiOx-based Anode Material
  • 3.4.1. Structural Properties
  • 3.4.2. Electrochemical Properties
  • 3.4.3. Manufacturing Method
  • 3.4.4. Application of Prelithiation Process
• 3.5. Research on Practical Application of Si-based Anode Material
  • 3.5.1. Difference of Electrochemical Behaviors
  • 3.5.2. Single Si Electrode and Si/Graphite Mixed Electrode
• 3.6. Other Si-based Anode Materials
• 3.6.1 3D Porous Si
  • 3.6.2. Si Nanotube
  • 3.6.3. Metal/Alloy Thin Film Anode Material

Chapter 4. Compound Anode Material

• 4.1. Oxide-based Anode Material
• 4.2. Nitride-based Anode Material
• 4.3 2D Planar Structure Inorganic Compound (Mxenes)

Chapter 5. High Power Anode Material

• 5.1. Overview of High Power Anode Material
• 5.2. Intercalation Material
  • 5.2.1. Carbon Material
  • 5.2.2. LTO(Li4Ti5O12)
• 5.3. Alloy-based Material
• 5.4. Transition Material
• 5.5. Nano-structured Micro Particles
  • 5.5.1. Nano-structured Micro Carbon Material
  • 5.5.2. Nano-structured Micro Li4Ti5O
  • 5.5.3. Nano-structured Micro Si-Carbon Composite Active Material
• 5.6. Multi Channel Structure Graphite
• 5.7. Si-Graphite Hybrid Material (SEAG)
• 5.8. Graphene-SiO2 Material (Graphene Ball)
• 5.9. Fast Charging from Anode Perspective
  • 5.9.1. Influence Factors of Anode Material
  • 5.9.2. Influence Factors of Electrode
  • 5.9.3. Fast Charging Technology Design of Major Battery Manufacturers
  • 5.9.4. Cases of Anode Technology Development for Fast Charging
• 5.10. Conclusion and Outlook

Chapter 6. Li-metal Anode

• 6.1. Overview of Li-metal Anode
• 6.2. R&D Status of Li-metal Anode
  • 6.2.1. Artificial Surface Protection Layer (ASEI, formation of Artificial SEI layer)
  • 6.2.2. New Structure
  • 6.2.3. Hybrid Structure
  • 6.2.4. Electrolyte modification
• 6.3. Problem and Outlook of Practical Application for Lithium Metal Anode
• 6.4. Anode-Free LIB

Chapter 7. Anode's Effect on Safety

• 7.1. Thermal Stability of Anode
• 7.2. Safety During Fast Charging

Chapter 8. Global Supply Status and Outlook of Anode Material

• 8.1. Anode Material Demand Outlook by Application ('21~'35)
• 8.2. Anode Material Demand Outlook by Type ('21~'35)
• 8.3. Anode Material Total Shipment(Supply) Volume by Supplier ('21~'24)
• 8.4. Anode Material Total Shipment(Supply) M/S by Supplier ('21~'24)
  • SDI/LGC/SKI/Panasonic/CATL/ATL/BYD/Lishen/Guoxuan/AESC/CALB
• 8.5. Shipment Volume of Natural Graphite(NG) Anode Material by Supplier ('21~24)
• 8.6. Shipment M/S of NG Anode Material by Supplier ('21~24)
• 8.7. Shipment Volume of Artificial Graphite(AG) Anode Material by Supplier ('21~24)
• 8.8. Shipment M/S of AG Anode Material by Supplier ('21~24)
• 8.9. Silicon Anode Material Shipment Volume & M/S by Supplier (In 2023)
• 8.10. Comprehensive Analysis of Anode Material Supplier Status (In 2023)
• 8.11. Anode Material Supplier NG Capa. Expansion Plan & Demand/Supply Outlook ('21~'30)
• 8.12. Anode Material Supplier AG(SG) Capa. Expansion Plan & Demand/Supply Outlook ('21~'30)
• 8.13. Anode Material Price Outlook by Type ('21~'30)
• 8.14. Anode Material Market Size Outlook ('21~'30)

Chapter 9. Current Status and Outlook of Anode Material Demand by LIB Suppliers

• 9.1. Anode Material's Overall Demand Performance, Outlook and Issues
• 9.2. Current Status and Outlook of Anode Material Demand by Major LIB Suppliers
• 9.3. Supply/Demand Status Among Major Companies

Chapter 10. Current Status of Graphite-Focused Anode Material Companies

• 10.1. Global Top12
  • BTR/Shanshan/Zichen/Kaijin/Shangtai/Shinzoom/XFH/Kuntian/Dongdao/POSCO/Resonac/Mitsubishi
• 10.2. Other Companies in China/Japan/Korea
  • Hitachi/Mitsubishi/Nippon Carbon/JFE/Tokai Carbon/Showa Denko/Shinetsu/Kureha
• 10.3. Companies in US/Europe/Other Regions
  • Syrah/Westwater/Talga/NMG/Next source Mat./Mangnis/Renascor/Epsilon/Urbix/Novonix/Anovion

Chapter 11. Current Status of Silicon-Focused Anode Material Companies

• 11.1. Si-Anode Companies in Japan, Korea
  • Shin-Etsu/JMC (Japan Metal & Chemicals)/Daejoo Electronic Materials/Posco Future M/Posco Silicon Solution (Former TERA TECHNOS)/SKMG14 (SK Materials-Group14)/SK Ultimus (Nexeon)/MK Electronics/Iljin Electric/EG/Hansol Chemical/Innox Advanced Materials (TRS)/FIC New Materials/LPN/Osaka Titanium/TCK(Tokai Carbon Korea)/Truewin (formerly NM Tech)/Korea Metal Silicon/EN Plus/Lotte Energy Materials (Enwires)/Dongjin Semichem/SJ Advanced Materials/IL Science/S Material/HNS Co., Ltd./Wipinetech/ Hana Materials/Grabsil/BSG Materials/Actro/Siri Energy
• 11.2. Si-Anode Companies in China
  • IOPSILION, Tianmu/Chengdu Guibao/iAmetal, Beijing Yijin/Gotion/Shinghwa/Kingi/JereH/Huawei/Haoxin Tech /Guiyuan/Yuling New Energy/Zhejiang Lichen /Lanxi Zhide
• 11.3. Si-Anode Companies in US, Europe and Other regions
  • Group14 (US)/Nexeon (UK)/Sila Nano (US)/Amprius (US)/Enovix (US)/Elkem (Nor)/Enevate (US)/Neo Battery (Canada)/OneD (US)/Nanograf (US)/StoreDot (Israel)/Targray (Canada)/Global Graphene Group (US)/EO Cell (US)/ADVANO (US) /Nanospan (US)/LeydenJar (Nether.)/Trion Battery (Canada)/Cenate (Norway)/SiCONA (AU)/Alkegen (US)/pH Matter LLC (US)/Paraclete Energy (US)/Himadri Specialty Chem (India)/E-Magy (Nether)/Ionblox (US)/Nanomakers (Fra.)/SiLi-ion (US)/Ionic Mineral Tech (US)/Ionobell (US)/The Coretec group (US)/Enwires (Fra.)/FARADPOWER (US)/SilLion (US)/Talga (AU)/SGL Carbon SE (Ger)

Chapter 12. References