세계의 Baas(Battery as a Service) 시장 : 제품 유형별, 서비스 유형별, 차량 유형별, 지역별 - 시장 규모, 산업 역학, 기회 분석 및 예측(2025-2033년)

The battery as a service (BaaS) market is experiencing exponential growth, driven by the growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), rising battery costs, and evolving ownership models. Valued at US$ 262.46 million in 2024, the market is projected to reach US$ 2,087.40 million by 2033, expanding at a compelling CAGR of 25.91% during the forecast period. BaaS platforms are transforming how consumers and fleet operators access EV energy, offering flexibility, reduced upfront costs, and rapid turnaround through battery swapping technology.

Asia-Pacific leads the market with over 40% share, fueled by China's vast EV ecosystem and government-backed infrastructure development. In Taiwan alone, Gogoro operates over 12,000 GoStations, conducting approximately 340,000 swaps daily. NIO's Power Swap stations-900 and counting-demonstrate the scale and efficiency of automated battery exchange systems. Similar momentum is seen in Europe, where over 70,000 fast chargers and expanding battery swapping stations are supported by regulatory mandates and sustainable mobility policies. In North America, the U.S. continues building out its infrastructure with over 28,000 fast chargers and increased BaaS adoption in commercial fleets.

Battery as a service models are particularly attractive for fleet-based applications and urban mobility services, where rapid battery turnaround, subscription affordability, and predictive maintenance offer competitive advantages. With electric mobility on the rise, BaaS offerings are helping bridge gaps in infrastructure and ownership economics, accelerating EV adoption across both developed and emerging markets.

Noteworthy Market Developments

The market is witnessing significant innovation and investment. Companies are increasingly integrating cloud-based diagnostics, remote monitoring, and over-the-air software updates, enhancing operational efficiency. Pilots of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer systems in countries like Sweden and Italy are expected to complement future BaaS infrastructures. China remains at the forefront, accounting for more than 85% of global battery-swapping installations, with a strategic push to exceed 16,000 stations by 2025.

Subscription models are evolving rapidly, with industry leaders like NIO and Gogoro generating hundreds of millions in recurring revenue. These platforms are now embedded with IoT, big data analytics, and fleet management tools, enabling personalized energy delivery. The industry is also experimenting with tiered pricing, pay-per-use services, and dynamic pricing based on usage intensity, positioning BaaS as a central feature in the emerging EV-as-a-Service ecosystem.

Core Growth Drivers

A key driver for the battery as a service market is the high upfront cost of EV batteries, which continues to push consumers toward subscription-based alternatives. With battery pack prices averaging between US$ 12,000 and US$ 15,000 in 2024, automotive manufacturers are partnering with BaaS providers to decouple vehicle and battery ownership. NIO's subscription plans starting at US$ 142/month and Stellantis' leasing initiatives that reduce vehicle costs by up to US$ 8,500 exemplify this shift.

Fleet operators also benefit significantly, with early adopters saving millions in capital expenditure through outsourced battery management. BaaS reduces risks related to battery degradation, replacement, and warranty management. By mid-2024, China reported more than 2 million battery subscribers, generating over US$ 340 million in monthly recurring revenue. With more than US$ 2.5 billion in financing already committed to battery leasing infrastructure, the model has proven commercially viable at scale.

Emerging Technology Trends

Solid-state battery development is emerging as a transformative trend in the BaaS market. These batteries offer higher energy densities (up to 500 Wh/kg), rapid charging capabilities (80% in under 10 minutes), and superior safety profiles. Companies such as Toyota and QuantumScape are advancing production facilities expected to be operational by 2027-2028. Toyota's facility aims to manufacture 10,000 solid-state batteries monthly, specifically engineered for integration with swapping systems.

The economic proposition is becoming increasingly favorable, with production costs projected to drop to US$ 65/kWh by 2030. Pilot programs are already underway, such as Samsung SDI's deployment of 2,000 prototype cells in South Korea's battery exchange networks. Additionally, solid-state batteries reduce thermal management expenses and insurance premiums, while offering long life cycles of 1,000+ charge/discharge cycles-key metrics for commercial viability in battery swapping applications.

Barriers to Optimization

Despite strong market potential, infrastructure development remains a significant challenge due to high capital requirements. Automated battery swap stations cost between US$ 400,000 and US$ 600,000 each, not including grid upgrades or urban land acquisition, which can add another US$ 150,000 per location. China's leading firms-including CATL and Aulton-have pledged US$ 3.2 billion to build 5,000 stations by 2026, illustrating the scale of investment required.

Operational costs further weigh on profitability, with a single station averaging US$ 25,000 monthly in maintenance, electricity, and staffing. To achieve economies of scale, networks need a minimum of 50 stations in metropolitan zones, requiring investments upwards of US$ 25 million. Standardization is another hurdle-unique battery designs across manufacturers necessitate costly compatibility solutions. Moreover, utility grid upgrades can exceed US$ 2 million per urban cluster, limiting rapid deployment. Nevertheless, with total global investment in swapping infrastructure reaching US$ 8.7 billion in 2024, market momentum remains strong.

Detailed Market Segmentation

Market Segment Analysis

By Product Type, the stationary segment holds a dominant 82.6% revenue share, driven by grid-scale storage deployments. Energy companies and data centers are leveraging BaaS to manage power reliability, peak shaving, and renewable integration. Notable deployments include NextEra Energy (15,000 MWh) and Amazon Web Services (45 facilities). Cost efficiency and zero-capex models make stationary BaaS solutions highly attractive across sectors including telecom, healthcare, and industrial automation.

By Service Type, subscription-based models account for over 75% of the market, offering flexibility, predictable costs, and ongoing performance assurance. Leading platforms like Gogoro handle over 11 million monthly transactions, while global systems support 3.2 million subscriptions. Integrated cloud platforms ensure real-time monitoring, fault detection, and proactive maintenance, maximizing uptime and minimizing operator risk. Subscription tiers now accommodate everything from personal scooters to commercial trucks.

By Vehicle Type, passenger vehicles command a 56.5% market share, with widespread urban adoption and premium vehicle integrations. NIO's battery swap stations have supported over 30 million swaps across its passenger vehicle fleet. Cost benefits, faster recharge times, and performance guarantees are pushing BaaS into mainstream adoption for both private and fleet-operated passenger EVs. Meanwhile, 2 & 3-wheelers dominate in Southeast Asia, and commercial vehicles like delivery vans and buses are becoming key users in North America and Europe.

Segment Breakdown

By Product Type:

• Stationary
• Mobile/Portable

By Service Type:

• Subscription (Rental)
• Pay Per Use

By Vehicle Type:

• 2 & 3-Wheeler
• Passenger Car
• Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV)
• Heavy Commercial Vehicle (HCV)
• Others (Telehandler, forklifts and others)

Geographic Insights

Region Segment Analysis

Asia Pacific leads the global battery as a service market with over 14 million annual EV sales. China's infrastructure-featuring 3,200 active swap stations-supports over 2.8 million daily exchanges. Key operators include NIO, CATL, Aulton, Gogoro, and Geely's EVOGO. Major end users include ride-hailing, logistics, and public transport fleets. With US$ 12.5 billion invested and government mandates for electrification, Asia Pacific's dominance will persist through 2033.

United States is advancing through aggressive federal support, with US$ 1.9 billion in funding and incentives of up to US$ 7,500 per commercial EV. Companies like Amazon, Walmart, and FedEx lead adoption, while Ample's 180 automated stations handle over 45,000 swaps daily. Public and private partnerships are facilitating the rollout of over 500 stations by 2026. Technological partnerships with GM and Ford further enhance BaaS ecosystem integration in North America.

Europe holds the second-largest share, driven by emissions regulations and infrastructure subsidies. Countries like Germany, France, and Norway are seeing widespread fleet adoption. Swobbee, Renault, and Stellantis lead commercial operations, while public entities manage over 5,500 BaaS-enabled buses. The EU has allocated US$ 2.2 billion toward battery swapping expansion, with over 180 new stations being installed monthly to meet air quality and sustainability goals.

North America, led by the U.S., is leveraging its commercial fleet ecosystem to grow the BaaS market. Over 250,000 vehicles are projected to be battery-swap enabled by 2026. Regional focus includes corridor development in high-density logistics zones, bolstered by municipal conversions and strategic investment partnerships. Canadian adoption is also accelerating, particularly in last-mile logistics and ride-sharing segments.

By Region:

• North America
• The U.S.
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Western Europe
• The UK
• Germany
• France
• Italy
• Spain
• Rest of Western Europe
• Eastern Europe
• Poland
• Russia
• Rest of Eastern Europe
• Asia Pacific
• China
• India
• Japan
• South Korea
• Australia & New Zealand
• ASEAN
• Rest of Asia Pacific
• Middle East & Africa (MEA)
• UAE
• Saudi Arabia
• South Africa
• Rest of MEA
• South America
• Argentina
• Brazil
• Rest of South America

Leading Market Participants

Key players driving innovation, infrastructure deployment, and platform integration in the global battery as a service market include:

• NIO
• Epiroc
• Global Technology Systems, Inc.
• Contemporary Amperex Technology Co
• Swobee
• Harding Energy, Inc.
• ReJoule
• Octillion
• Numocity
• Skoon
• Numocity
• Skoon
• Other Prominent Players

Table of Content

Chapter 1. Research Framework

• 1.1. Research Objective
• 1.2. Product Overview
• 1.3. Market Segmentation

Chapter 2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Qualitative Research
  • 2.1.1. Primary & Secondary Sources
• 2.2. Quantitative Research
  • 2.2.1. Primary & Secondary Sources
• 2.3. Breakdown of Primary Research Respondents, By Region
• 2.4. Assumption for the Study
• 2.5. Market Size Estimation
• 2.6. Data Triangulation

Chapter 3. Executive Summary: Global Battery as a Service Market

Chapter 4. Global Battery as a Service Market Overview

• 4.1. Industry Value Chain Analysis
• 4.2. Industry Outlook
  • 4.2.1. Electric Vehicle Market Outlook (Mn Units), 2020-2050
  • 4.2.2. Increase in the usage of batteries as a service in electric vehicles
• 4.3. PESTLE Analysis
• 4.4. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • 4.4.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 4.4.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • 4.4.3. Threat of Substitutes
  • 4.4.4. Threat of New Entrants
  • 4.4.5. Degree of Competition
• 4.5. Market Dynamics and Trends
  • 4.5.1. Growth Drivers
  • 4.5.2. Restraints
  • 4.5.3. Challenges
  • 4.5.4. Key Trends
• 4.6. Covid-19 Impact Assessment on Market Growth Trend
• 4.7. Market Growth and Outlook
  • 4.7.1. Market Revenue Estimates and Forecast (US$ Mn), 2020-2033
  • 4.7.2. Price Trend Analysis, by Product
• 4.8. Competition Dashboard
  • 4.8.1. Market Concentration Rate
  • 4.8.2. Company Market Share Analysis (Value %), 2024
  • 4.8.3. Competitor Mapping

Chapter 5. Battery as a Service Market Analysis, By Product Type

• 5.1. Key Insights
• 5.2. Market Size and Forecast, 2020-2033 (US$ Mn)
  • 5.2.1. Stationary
  • 5.2.2. Mobile/Portable

Chapter 6. Battery as a Service Market Analysis, by Service Type

• 6.1. Key Insights
• 6.2. Market Size and Forecast, 2020-2033 (US$ Mn)
  • 6.2.1. Subscription (Rental)
  • 6.2.2. Pay Per Use

Chapter 7. Battery as a Service Market Analysis, by Vehicle Type

• 7.1. Key Insights
• 7.2. Market Size and Forecast, 2020-2033 (US$ Mn)
• 7.3 2 & 3 Wheeler
• 7.4 Passenger Car
• 7.5 Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV)
• 7.6. Heavy Commercial Vehicle (HCV)
• 7.7. Others (Telehandler, forklifts and others)

Chapter 7 Battery as a Service Market Analysis, By Region

• 7.1. Key Insights
• 7.2. Market Size and Forecast, 2020-2033 (US$ Mn)
  • 7.2.1. North America
  • 7.2.2. Europe
  • 7.2.3. Asia Pacific
  • 7.2.4. Middle East & Africa
  • 7.2.5. South America

Chapter 8 North America Battery as a Service Market Analysis

• 8.1 Key Insights
• 8.2 Market Size and Forecast, 2020 - 2033 (US$ Mn)
  • 8.2.1 By Product
  • 8.2.2 By Service Type
  • 8.2.3 By Vehicle Type
  • 8.2.4 By Country

Chapter 9 Europe Battery as a Service Market Analysis

• 9.1 Key Insights
• 9.2 Market Size and Forecast, 2020 - 2033 (US$ Mn)
  • 9.2.1 By Product
  • 9.2.2 By Service Type
  • 9.2.3 By Vehicle Type
  • 9.2.4 By Country

Chapter 10 Asia Pacific Battery as a Service Market Analysis

• 10.1 Key Insights
• 10.2 Market Size and Forecast, 2020 - 2033 (US$ Mn)
  • 10.2.1 By Product
  • 10.2.2 By Service Type
  • 10.2.3 By Vehicle Type
  • 10.2.4 By Country

Chapter 11 Middle East & Africa Battery as a Service Market Analysis

• 11.1 Key Insights
• 11.2 Market Size and Forecast, 2020 - 2033 (US$ Mn)
  • 11.2.1 By Product
  • 11.2.2 By Service Type
  • 11.2.3 By Vehicle Type
  • 11.2.4 By Country

Chapter 12 South America Battery as a Service Market Analysis

• 12.1 Key Insights
• 12.2 Market Size and Forecast, 2020 - 2033 (US$ Mn)
  • 12.2.1 By Product
  • 12.2.2 By Service Type
  • 12.2.3 By Vehicle Type
  • 12.2.4 By Country

Chapter 13. Company Profile (Company Overview, Financial Matrix, Key Product landscape, Key Personnel, Key Competitors, Contact Address, and Business Strategy Outlook) *

• 13.1. NIO
• 13.2. Epiroc
• 13.3 Global Technology Systems, Inc.
• 13.4 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co
• 13.5 Swobee
• 13.6 Harding Energy, Inc.
• 13.7 ReJoule
• 13.8 Octillion
• 13.9 Numocity
• 13.1 Skoon
• 13.11. Numocity
• 13.12. Skoon