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Satellite power electronics are the electronic components and systems that manage the generation, distribution, and regulation of power onboard a satellite. These power electronics are critical to the efficient and dependable operation of satellite power systems.
Satellite power electronics control the power generated by solar panels or arrays, which convert sunlight into electrical energy. Solar array regulators, maximum power point trackers (MPPTs), and voltage converters are power electronics components that optimize and regulate the power output from solar panels for use by the satellite's electrical systems.
Power electronics components, such as voltage regulation, current limiting, and filtering, condition the raw power generated by solar arrays.This ensures that the power supplied to the satellite's electrical systems is stable and within the operating parameters specified.
Satellite power electronics are in charge of charging, discharging, and monitoring energy storage systems, typically batteries, that are used to store excess power generated by solar arrays. Power electronics components like battery charge controllers and voltage converters optimize the charging and discharging processes, ensuring that stored energy is used efficiently. Power electronics systems are in charge of distributing power to the satellite's various subsystems and components. Power distribution units (PDUs) regulate and distribute power to various loads, and power management and control circuits monitor and balance power consumption throughout the satellite.
DC-DC converters and inverters are power electronics components that convert voltage levels between different subsystems or components. This is required to ensure compatibility and efficient power transfer by matching the specific voltage requirements of different satellite systems. During operation, power electronics components generate heat. Thermal management systems, such as heat sinks and temperature sensors, are integrated into satellite power electronics to maintain optimal operating temperatures and prevent overheating, which can degrade performance and reliability.
Satellite power electronics are designed for high efficiency in power conversion processes. To minimize power losses and maximize the overall energy efficiency of the satellite power system, advanced power conversion techniques such as soft switching and resonant converters are used.