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시장보고서
상품코드
2082838
백일해 : 시장 인사이트, 역학 및 예측(2036년)Pertussis - Market Insight, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast - 2036 |
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DelveInsight
G7 국가들의 백일해 시장 규모 및 전망
본 백일해 시장 보고서에서는 표준 치료, 임상 실무, 진화하는 치료 알고리즘 등 현재의 치료 현황에 대한 종합적인 분석을 제공합니다. 또한, 백일해 환자의 부담 추이, 수익 및 시장 점유율 동향, 피크 시기의 환자 점유율 및 치료 도입 현황에 대한 분석을 평가하고, 전 세계 각 지역 시장 규모에 대한 상세한 평가와 성장률 전망(과거 데이터 및 2022-2036년 전망)을 제시하고 있습니다. 본 보고서에서는 백일해 분야의 주요 미충족 수요 사항에 초점을 맞추어, 경쟁 환경 및 임상 현황을 분석함으로써 고부가가치 기회를 도출하고, 향후 시장 성장 가능성에 대한 명확한 전망을 제시하고 있습니다.
질병에 대한 인식 및 감시 체계의 개선
진단 및 보고 시스템의 개선으로 인해 전 세계적으로 백일해 사례의 검출률과 인지도가 높아지고 있습니다.
면역력 저하와 추가 접종의 필요성
시간이 지남에 따라 면역력이 저하됨에 따라, 사춘기·성인·임산부를 대상으로 한 Tdap 추가 접종 백신 수요가 증가하고 있습니다.
예방접종 프로그램 확대
정부의 강력한 조치와 혼합 백신이 국가 예방접종 일정에 포함된 덕분에 예방접종률 향상과 시장 성장이 촉진되고 있습니다.
백일해의 개요와 진단
백일해는 말 그대로 ‘심한 기침’을 의미하며, 일반적으로 ‘whooping cough(후핑 코프)’ 또는 ‘100일 기침’으로 알려져 있습니다. 이는 Bordetella pertussis(백일해균)에 의해 유발되는 급성이며 전염성이 높은 호흡기 감염증입니다. 1578년 파리에서 유행했을 때 처음 확인된 이 질환은 2주 이상 지속되는 장기간의 발작성 기침이 특징이며, 많은 경우 숨을 들이쉴 때 나는 ‘휴’ 하는 소리, 기침 후 구토, 실신을 동반합니다. 이 '휴'라는 소리는 부분적으로 닫힌 성문을 통해 강하게 숨을 들이마심으로써 발생합니다. 기존에는 소아 질환으로 여겨져 왔으나, 현재는 보고되는 증례의 절반 이상이 청소년 및 성인에게서 발생하고 있으며, 그 주된 원인은 면역력 저하(백신 접종 후 12년 이내에 약 50%까지 저하)에 있습니다.
감염은 비말을 통해 발생하며, 이 질병은 3단계에 걸쳐 진행됩니다. 즉, 카타르기(경미한 감기 같은 증상), 발작기(특징적인 '우프' 소리가 동반되는 심한 기침 발작), 그리고 회복기(서서히 회복되는 시기)입니다. 1940년대에 백신이 도입되기 전에는 영아의 발병률 및 사망률의 주요 원인이었으나, 백일해는 주기적인 유행과 장기적인 면역 불완전성으로 인해 여전히 공중보건상 중대한 우려 사항으로 남아 있습니다. 진단은 임상적 특징을 바탕으로 이루어지며, PCR(초기 단계에서 민감도가 가장 높음), 배양 또는 혈청학적 검사를 통해 확정됩니다. 조기 발견은 치료를 시작하고 감염 확산을 억제하는 데 매우 중요합니다.
백일해의 진단
백일해의 진단은 임상 소견과 검사 결과를 종합하여 이루어집니다. 지속적인 기침이나 발작성 기침을 보이는 환자, 특히 영아 등 고위험군에서는 백일해가 의심됩니다. 확진 진단은 PCR(권장되며, 초기 단계에서 민감도가 가장 높음) 외에도 감염 단계에 따라 배양 검사나 혈청학적 검사를 통해 이루어집니다. 이 질환은 에어로졸을 통해 전염되며, 백일해균(Bordetella pertussis)은 기도의 섬모상피에 감염됩니다. 그곳에서 독소를 생성하여, 세균 자체가 전신으로 퍼지지는 않음에도 불구하고 국소적 및 전신적인 질환 증상을 유발합니다. 눈에 띄는 진전이 있는 반면, 특히 중증 영아 환자의 경우, 병원성 인자의 역할이나 질환의 병태생리에 대한 이해에는 여전히 부족한 점이 남아 있습니다. 첨단 동물 모델 및 향후 인간을 대상으로 한 연구를 포함한 현재 진행 중인 연구들은 이해를 심화하고, 보다 효과적인 백신 및 치료 전략의 개발을 지원하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있습니다.
백일해의 치료
백일해의 치료는 환자의 나이나 감염 단계에 따라 다르지만, 중증도를 낮추고 감염 확산을 억제하기 위해서는 조기 개입이 매우 중요합니다. 아지스로마이신이나 클라리스로마이신 등의 마크로라이드계 항생제가 치료의 주축을 이루고 있으며, 특히 질환의 초기 단계에서 투여를 시작하는 것이 중요합니다. 특히 영아의 경우, 지지 요법이 매우 중요한 역할을 합니다. 여기에는 수분 공급, 산소 공급, 합병증에 대한 면밀한 모니터링 등이 포함되며, 중증 환자나 생후 6개월 미만의 영아의 경우 입원이 필요한 경우가 많습니다. 또한, 밀접 접촉자에 대한 예방적 항생제 투여는 감염 확산을 억제하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 예방 조치는 매우 중요하며, 소아기 DTaP 백신의 정기 접종 외에도 개인과 취약한 영아 모두를 보호하기 위해 청소년, 성인, 임산부(임신 후기)를 대상으로 한 Tdap 추가 접종이 권장됩니다.
백일해의 역학 분석 및 예측을 통해 얻은 주요 인사이트
백일해를 예방하는 가장 중요한 방법은 완전한 예방접종을 받는 것입니다. 백일해 백신은 일반적으로 디프테리아 및 파상풍 백신과 함께 접종됩니다(대부분의 경우 소아마비, B형 인플루엔자균, B형 간염 백신과도 병용됩니다). 이러한 질병으로부터 몸을 보호하기 위해 3유형의 백신이 사용 가능합니다. DTaP 백신은 생후 6주부터 6세까지의 소아에게 접종되며, 질병으로부터 몸을 보호하는 역할을 합니다. 예방접종은 생후 2개월, 4개월, 6개월, 15-18개월, 그리고 4-6세 시점에 실시됩니다. DTaP 백신은 부작용이 적으며, 미국에서는 더 이상 사용되지 않는 DTP라고 불리는 구형 백신보다 더 안전합니다. DTaP보다 디프테리아 및 백일해 독소이드 농도가 낮은 Tdap 백신은 10세부터 64세까지의 사람을 대상으로 승인되었습니다. 11-12세 때 접종합니다. 아직 예방접종을 받지 않은 사춘기 청소년이나 성인은 다음 파상풍 추가 접종 시 Tdap을 1회 접종해 주십시오. 그 후, 파상풍과 디프테리아만을 대상으로 하는 백신인 Td는 10년마다 접종하는 것이 권장됩니다(환자에게 상처가 있는 경우에는 그보다 더 빨리 접종하십시오). Td 백신은 7세 이상이라면 누구나 접종할 수 있습니다.
wPV와 관련된 국소적 및 전신적 이상반응이 발생했고, 효과의 편차와 불균일성 등의 문제가 있었기 때문에 1980년대 후반에 더욱 정제된 무세포 백신(aPV)이 개발되었습니다. 이들 모두 불활성화된 백일해 독소를 함유하고 있으며, 그 대부분은 실 모양의 헤마글루티닌도 함유하고 있습니다. 또한, 많은 제품에 펠타크틴이 추가로 함유되어 있으며, 일부 제품에는 피브리아도 포함되어 있습니다. 안전성 프로파일은 wPV에 비해 개선되었습니다. 그러나 이러한 단기 연구에서 양호한 결과를 보인 wPV와 비교했을 때, aPV의 유효성은 약간 낮은 것으로 나타났습니다. 안전성 프로파일의 개선과 효능의 동등성을 이유로, 대부분의 선진국에서는 wPV에서 aPV로의 전환이 진행되고 있습니다. 그럼에도 불구하고, wPV는 여전히 전 세계적으로 가장 널리 사용되는 백신입니다. 그 주된 이유는 aPV의 비용이 비싸기 때문에 자원이 부족한 국가에서는 구입이 어렵기 때문입니다. 최근 몇 년간, aPV에 의해 유도된 면역은 wPV에 의해 유도된 면역보다 현저히 빠르게 감소한다는 사실이 밝혀졌으며, 이에 따라 세계보건기구(WHO)의 예방접종 전략 자문단(WHO/SAGE)은 wPV에서 aPV로의 전환을 검토 중인 국가들에게 추가 지침이 나올 때까지 기다릴 것을 권고했습니다.
Pertussis Market Size and Forecast in the 7MM
DelveInsight's 'Pertussis - Market Insights, Epidemiology and Market Forecast - 2036' report delivers an in-depth understanding of the Pertussis, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the Pertussis market trends in the United States, EU4 (Germany, Spain, Italy, and France) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.
The Pertussis market report delivers a comprehensive analysis of the current treatment landscape, including standards of care, clinical practices, and evolving therapeutic algorithms. It evaluates, Pertussis patient burden trends, revenue & market share dynamics, peak patient share & therapy uptake analysis, and provides an in-depth market size assessment, and growth rate projections (Historical & Forecast 2022-2036) across global regions. The report highlights key unmet medical needs in Pertussis and maps the competitive and clinical landscape to uncover high-value opportunities, providing a clear outlook on future market growth potential.
Key Factors Driving the Pertussis Market
Increasing disease awareness and surveillance
Improved diagnosis and reporting systems are leading to higher detection and recognition of pertussis cases globally.
Waning immunity and need for booster vaccinations
Declining immunity over time is driving demand for Tdap booster vaccines in adolescents, adults, and pregnant women.
Expansion of immunization programs
Strong government initiatives and inclusion of combination vaccines in national schedules are boosting vaccination coverage and market growth.
Pertussis Overview and Diagnosis
Pertussis, literally meaning "a violent cough" and commonly known as whooping cough or the"cough of 100 days," is an acute, highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. First recognized during the Paris epidemic of 1578, the disease is characterized by a prolonged paroxysmal cough lasting >=2 weeks, often accompanied by an inspiratory "whoop," posttussive vomiting, and syncope, with the "whoop" resulting from forceful inspiration against a partially closed glottis. Although traditionally considered a childhood disease, over half of reported cases now occur in adolescents and adults, largely due to waning immunity (declining to ~50% within 12 years post-vaccination).
Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets, and the disease progresses through three stages: catarrhal (mild, cold-like symptoms), paroxysmal (severe coughing fits with characteristic whoop), and convalescent (gradual recovery). Historically a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality before vaccine introduction in the 1940s, pertussis remains a significant public health concern due to periodic outbreaks and incomplete long-term immunity. Diagnosis relies on clinical features and is confirmed by PCR (most sensitive in early stages), culture, or serology, with early detection crucial to initiate treatment and limit transmission.
Pertussis Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Pertussis is based on a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory confirmation. It is suspected in patients presenting with persistent cough and paroxysmal coughing episodes, particularly in high-risk groups such as infants. Confirmation is achieved through PCR (preferred and most sensitive in early stages), along with culture and serology depending on the stage of infection. The disease is transmitted via aerosols, with Bordetella pertussis infecting the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, where it produces toxins that drive both local and systemic disease manifestations, despite no systemic spread of the bacteria itself. While significant progress has been made, gaps remain in understanding the role of virulence factors and disease pathogenesis, especially in severe infant cases. Ongoing research, including advanced animal models and potential human studies, aims to improve understanding and support the development of more effective vaccines and therapeutic strategies.
Pertussis Treatment
Treatment of Pertussis depends on the patient's age and stage of infection, with early intervention being crucial to reduce severity and transmission. Macrolide antibiotics, such as Azithromycin and Clarithromycin, are the mainstay of treatment, particularly when initiated in the early phase of the disease. Supportive care plays a vital role, especially in infants, and may include hydration, oxygen support, and close monitoring for complications, with hospitalization often required for severe cases or infants under 6 months. In addition, prophylactic antibiotics for close contacts help limit disease spread. Preventive strategies are critical, with routine immunization using DTaP in childhood and Tdap booster doses recommended for adolescents, adults, and pregnant women (during the third trimester) to protect both individuals and vulnerable infants.
Pertussis Unmet Needs
The section "unmet needs of Pertussis" outlines the critical gaps between the current state of patient care, diagnosis, and the ideal & effective management of the disease. It highlights the obstacles experienced by patients, clinicians, and researchers and identifies potential solutions for future progress.
Comprehensive unmet needs insights in Pertussis and their strategic implications are provided in the full report.
Key Findings from Pertussis Epidemiological Analysis and Forecast
Pertussis Drug Chapters & Competitive Analysis
The Pertussis drug chapter provides a detailed, market-focused review of approved therapies and the emerging pipeline across Phase I-III clinical trials. It covers the mechanism of action, clinical trial data, regulatory approvals, patents, collaborations, and strategic partnerships for each therapy, along with their advantages, limitations, and recent developments. This section offers critical insights into the Pertussis treatment landscape, supporting market assessment, competitive analysis, and growth forecasting for the Pertussis therapeutics market.
Approved Therapies for Pertussis
ADACEL/REPEVAX: Sanofi Pasteur
ADACEL is a trivalent Tdap booster vaccine indicated for active immunization against pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria, administered as a single-dose booster following primary immunization. It is typically recommended for individuals aged 10-64 years, with some regions allowing use from >=4 years, and includes approval for repeat dosing at least 8 years after the initial vaccination. Since its initial FDA approval in 2005, ADACEL has expanded its clinical utility, including approval for repeat vaccination and use during the third trimester of pregnancy, supporting passive protection of infants against pertussis. The vaccine is widely available across more than 50 countries, including the US, Europe, Asia, and Latin America, and is marketed as REPEVAX in Europe, where it additionally provides protection against polio. It is also available in a latex-free prefilled syringe, reducing the risk for patients with latex allergies, and continues to be supported by strong safety and immunogenicity data, including Phase III studies conducted in Japan.
In January 2023, FDA approves ADACEL for use during pregnancy to help protect newborns from pertussis.
In January 2019, the US FDA approved the expanded use of ADACEL to include repeat vaccination to protect against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus. ADACEL is also the only Tdap vaccine available in a syringe made without natural rubber latex, which may help reduce risk to patients with an allergy.
BOOSTRIX: GlaxosmithKline
BOOSTRIX (Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis) is a Tdap booster vaccine indicated for active immunization against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in individuals aged 10 years and older. It is administered as a 0.5 mL intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle and is routinely recommended for maternal immunization during pregnancy to protect newborns from pertussis. Initially approved by the US FDA in 2005 for individuals aged 10-18 years, BOOSTRIX subsequently received label expansions for adults aged 19-64 years (2008) and 65 years and older (2011). In Europe, BOOSTRIX is also approved for maternal immunization, supporting public health strategies for early-life protection. The vaccine has a strong safety and immunogenicity profile, making it a widely used component of booster vaccination programs globally.
In October 2022, FDA approves BOOSTRIX for maternal immunization to help protect newborns from whooping cough.
Pertussis Pipeline Analysis
BPZE1: ILiAD Biotechnologies
BPZE1 is a novel intranasal, live attenuated pertussis vaccine candidate designed to provide protection against Bordetella pertussis through broad mucosal and systemic immunity. It incorporates genetic modifications to inactivate or attenuate key toxins, including pertussis toxin, dermonecrotic toxin, and tracheal cytotoxin, thereby enhancing safety while maintaining immunogenicity. BPZE1 is currently being developed as a booster vaccine, with ongoing research exploring its potential use as a primary vaccination in infants. Preclinical studies indicate that it does not exacerbate airway pathology, and Phase IIb clinical data have demonstrated strong safety, induction of mucosal immunity, and up to 90% prevention of bacterial colonization upon challenge, with no vaccine-related serious adverse events. This positions BPZE1 as a promising next-generation approach for improved pertussis prevention.
In January 2022, the US FDA granted Fast Track status to BPZE1 for pertussis booster immunization.
In February 2026, ILiAD Biotechnologies Secures Oversubscribed USD115M Series B to Advance BPZE1 Pertussis Vaccine Development.
DPT-IPV-Hib (BK-1310/MT-2355): Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
DPT-IPV-Hib (BK1310/MT-2355) is a 5-in-1 combination vaccine that provides protection against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections in infants and children. It is co-developed with the Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (Japan) and has successfully completed Phase III trials demonstrating safety and efficacy for all five target diseases.
In April 2022, application for marketing authorization of combination vaccine DPT-IPV-Hib was submitted to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for prophylaxis of pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, acute poliomyelitis, and heamophilus influenza type b.
Pertussis Key Players, Market Leaders and Emerging Companies
Pertussis Drug Updates
Drug Class Insights
The most important way to prevent pertussis is through complete immunization. The vaccine for pertussis is usually given with diphtheria and tetanus (often in combination also with poliomyelitis, H. influenza, and hepatitis B). Three vaccine formulations are available to protect against these diseases. DTaP vaccine is given to children 6 weeks to 6 years of age to protect them from illnesses. It is given at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, and 4-6 years. DTaP produces fewer side effects and is a safer version of an older vaccine called DTP, no longer used in the United States. Tdap vaccine, which contains a lower concentration of diphtheria and pertussis toxoids than DTaP, is licensed for people 10-64 years of age. It is given at 11-12 years. Adolescents and adults who have not yet received it should get a one-time dose of Tdap at the time of their next tetanus booster. A vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria only, Td, is recommended every 10 years after that (or sooner if patients have a wound). Td can be given to anyone >=7 years.
The more defined acellular vaccines (aPVs) were developed in the late 1980s, after local and systemic adverse events that have been associated with wPV, but also because of the difficulties inconsistency. All contain inactivated pertussis toxin, most of them also contain filamentous hemagglutinin, many contain pertactin in addition, and some also contain fimbriae. They have an improved safety profile over wPV. However, when compared in these short-term studies to well-performing wPV, the efficacy of aPV was slightly lower. Because of their improved safety profile and similar efficacy, most industrialized countries have replaced wPV with aPV. Nevertheless, wPVs are still the most used vaccine globally, primarily because of the high cost of aPV, making it difficult to afford in resource-poor countries. In recent years, it has become apparent that immunity induced by aPV wanes substantially faster than that induced by wPV, which led the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization at the WHO (WHO/SAGE) to recommend that countries considering a switch from wPV to aPV should await further guidance.
Drug Class/Insights into Leading Emerging and Marketed Therapies in Pertussis (2022-2036 Forecast)
The pertussis treatment landscape includes antibiotic therapies, supportive care, and emerging vaccine-based and immunomodulatory approaches, each targeting key aspects of disease progression, such as Bordetella pertussis infection, toxin-mediated respiratory damage, and transmission prevention.
Pertussis Drug Uptake
This section focuses on the uptake rate of potential drugs expected to be launched in the market during the forecast period (2026-2036). The analysis covers the Pertussis market's uptake by drugs, patient uptake by therapy, and sales of each drug.
The uptake of vaccines in the Pertussis prevention landscape is expected to vary across Tdap boosters and combination pediatric vaccines, driven by immunization policies, maternal vaccination programs, and pediatric schedule optimization. Established booster vaccines such as ADACEL/REPEVAX and BOOSTRIX demonstrate strong and sustained uptake, supported by their proven safety, immunogenicity, and increasing adoption in maternal immunization to protect newborns. Their use is further reinforced by waning immunity over time and the need for booster doses in adolescents and adults, along with expanding recommendations for pregnant women to reduce infant disease burden.
In comparison, combination pediatric vaccines such as HEXAXIM/HEXYON/HEXACIMA and VAXELIS are expected to show progressive and widespread uptake, driven by their ability to simplify immunization schedules, reduce injection burden, and improve compliance in infants. Their adoption is supported by strong inclusion in national immunization programs and global vaccination initiatives, particularly in regions prioritizing high coverage and early-life protection. Over time, next-generation combination vaccines and expanded access in emerging markets are anticipated to further strengthen uptake, enhancing the overall prevention landscape for pertussis.
Market Access and Reimbursement of Pertussis
In the US healthcare system, both Public and Private health insurance coverage are included. Also, Medicare and Medicaid are the largest government-funded programs in the US. The major healthcare programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the state and federal health insurance marketplaces, are overseen by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Other than these, Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs), third-party organizations that provide services, and educational programs to aid patients are also present.
Reimbursement is a crucial factor that affects the drug's access to the market. Often, the decision to reimburse comes down to the price of the drug relative to the benefit it produces in treated patients. To reduce the healthcare burden of these high-cost therapies, many payment models are being considered by payers and other industry insiders.
The programs available in the US are:
Further details are provided in the final report....
Pertussis Therapies Price Scenario & Trends
Pricing and analogue assessment of Pertussis therapies highlights evolving price dynamics structures. This section summarizes the cost of approved treatments, closest and most appropriate analogue selection for emerging therapies, and understanding of how pricing influences market access, adherence, and long-term uptake.
ADACEL/REPEVAX are administered as a single booster dose (0.5 mL), with an approximate cost of USD 132 per dose. As these vaccines are typically given as one-time or periodic booster immunizations rather than continuous therapy, the overall annual cost remains relatively low compared to chronic treatments. This favorable cost profile supports broad accessibility and inclusion in national immunization programs, although reimbursement policies and public health funding remain key to ensuring widespread uptake, particularly in maternal and adult booster populations.
Further details are provided in the final report....
Industry Experts and Physician Views for Pertussis
To keep up with Pertussis market trends, we take Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research. Industry experts were contacted for insights on the Pertussis emerging therapies, evolving treatment landscape, patient adherence to conventional therapies, therapy switching trends, drug adoption and uptake, accessibility challenges, and epidemiology and real-world prescription patterns in Pertussis, including MD, PhD, Instructor, Postdoctoral Researcher, Professor, Researcher, and others.
DelveInsight's analysts connected with 10+ KOLs to gather insights; however, interviews were conducted with 6+ KOLs in the 7MM. Centers such as the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Strasbourg-Europe Cancer Institute (ICANS), and the University of Nottingham, etc. were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current and emerging Pertussis therapies, highlight unmet medical needs, provide epidemiological context, and support strategic decisions for market access, therapy adoption, and pipeline prioritization in Pertussis.
Qualitative Analysis: SWOT and Conjoint Analysis
We perform qualitative and market Intelligence analysis using various approaches, such as SWOT analysis and conjoint analysis.
In the SWOT analysis of Pertussis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in terms of disease diagnosis, patient awareness, patient burden, competitive landscape, cost-effectiveness, and geographical accessibility of therapies are provided.
Conjoint analysis analyzes emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. Scoring is given based on these parameters to analyze the effectiveness of therapy.
The team of analysts analyzes promising emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. In efficacy, the trial's primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated, whereas the therapies' safety is evaluated, wherein the acceptability, tolerability, and adverse events are majorly observed. In addition, the scoring is also based on the route of administration, order of entry, probability of success, and the addressable patient pool for each therapy. According to these parameters, the final weightage score and the ranking of the emerging therapies are decided.
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