PFAS 시장, PFAS 규제, PFAS 대체품, PFAS 정화 기술(2026-2036년)

The global PFAS market is undergoing a fundamental transformation driven by intensifying regulatory pressure, mounting litigation, and accelerating corporate phase-out commitments. While the PFAS chemicals market continues to show modest growth in certain regions and applications, this trajectory masks significant shifts as restrictions reshape demand patterns across industries. The treatment and remediation sector represents one of the fastest-growing environmental markets globally, reflecting unprecedented regulatory and societal response to contamination concerns that have elevated PFAS to one of the defining environmental challenges of the decade.

The regulatory landscape has evolved from broad restriction proposals toward targeted, application-specific bans. The European Union, having initially considered an outright ban on thousands of PFAS compounds, has adopted a more focused approach confirming specific prohibitions: a ban on PFAS in food packaging effective April 2026, restrictions on PFAS in toys beginning with products for children aged three and under, and additional measures expected in early 2026. The United Kingdom is finalizing its post-Brexit REACH regulations, creating potential for divergence from EU requirements. The United States presents a fragmented regulatory environment, with the EPA defending its designation of certain PFAS as hazardous substances under CERCLA while simultaneously revisiting Safe Drinking Water Act regulations. State-level requirements vary significantly, with maximum contaminant levels differing substantially across jurisdictions including Michigan, New Jersey, Vermont, and California.

Corporate response has been substantial. The International Chemical Secretariat's assessment of major chemical companies found that one-third have publicly committed to exiting PFAS production entirely. Notable commitments include 3M's ongoing transition, BASF's five-year phase-out program, and EcoLab's recently disclosed exit timeline. These commitments are driven by both regulatory anticipation and litigation exposure-BASF alone faces thousands of PFAS-related lawsuits, while major industry settlements have established precedents that inform other companies' exit calculations. Investor pressure is reinforcing these trends, with major asset managers characterizing corporate PFAS exits as encouraging developments and urging other companies to follow suit.

The alternatives market is experiencing rapid growth as manufacturers seek PFAS-free solutions across critical applications. In water-repellent coatings, silicone-based DWR treatments, dendrimer and hyperbranched polymer systems, nano-structured surface technologies, and sol-gel coatings are advancing toward performance parity with fluorinated incumbents. Heat transfer fluid alternatives including engineered hydrocarbons, silicone oils, water-glycol systems, and advanced mineral oil formulations are addressing semiconductor manufacturing, data center cooling, and electric vehicle battery thermal management applications previously dominated by fluorinated fluids. Lubricant alternatives-synthetic esters, polyalkylene glycols, silicone-based formulations, bio-based products, and nano-engineered lubricants incorporating graphene and nanodiamonds-are replacing PTFE-based products across automotive, industrial, aerospace, and food processing applications. While performance gaps remain in certain demanding applications requiring extreme chemical resistance or temperature stability, the alternatives market is projected for significant expansion through 2036 as regulatory deadlines approach and supply chains adapt to new material requirements.

The remediation technology sector demonstrates the highest growth rates within the PFAS market, reflecting a paradigm shift from containment to elimination in regulatory approaches. Emerging technologies approaching commercial readiness include hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT), which uses high temperature, high pressure, and alkaline chemicals to destroy PFAS at lower operating conditions than supercritical water oxidation, with expected commercialization within two to three years. Plasma-based technologies-both thermal systems operating at extremely high temperatures and non-thermal systems generating reactive species at ambient conditions-offer pathways to molecular-level PFAS destruction and are progressing through pilot and demonstration stages.

The broader treatment market encompasses drinking water systems, groundwater remediation, industrial wastewater treatment, landfill leachate management, and residential point-of-use systems. Long-term market perspectives indicate that remediation will represent the largest and most durable segment, reflecting the extensive scale of existing contamination across military installations, airports, industrial facilities, and municipal systems requiring decades of sustained treatment, monitoring, and management efforts.

This comprehensive market report provides an in-depth analysis of the global per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) industry, covering the complete value chain from PFAS chemical production and applications through regulatory restrictions, emerging alternatives, and advanced remediation technologies. As "forever chemicals" face unprecedented regulatory scrutiny and mounting litigation worldwide, this report delivers critical intelligence for stakeholders navigating one of the most significant chemical market transformations in decades.

The PFAS market is undergoing fundamental restructuring driven by tightening regulations across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific, escalating corporate phase-out commitments, and breakthrough innovations in PFAS-free alternatives and destruction technologies. This report examines the market dynamics shaping the industry through 2036, providing strategic insights for chemical manufacturers, end-users across diverse industries, environmental service providers, investors, and policymakers.

The analysis encompasses the full spectrum of PFAS compounds-including long-chain and short-chain variants, fluoropolymers, perfluoropolyethers, and side-chain fluorinated polymers-across their established applications in semiconductors, textiles, food packaging, firefighting foams, automotive, electronics, medical devices, energy systems, cosmetics, and specialty coatings. Detailed examination of regulatory frameworks includes EPA federal and state-level requirements, European Union REACH restrictions including upcoming food packaging and toys bans, and emerging Asian regulations in Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Australia.

The report delivers extensive coverage of PFAS-free alternatives achieving commercial viability across critical applications: silicone-based and hydrocarbon-based water repellents, bio-based food packaging materials including polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and nanocellulose systems, fluorine-free firefighting foams, alternative ion exchange membranes for fuel cells and electrolyzers, and next-generation low-loss materials for 5G telecommunications. Technical performance comparisons, cost analyses, and commercialization timelines enable informed substitution planning.

Remediation and treatment technologies receive comprehensive analysis, covering established separation methods (granular activated carbon, ion exchange resins, membrane filtration) and emerging destruction technologies demonstrating commercial-scale validation. Detailed examination of electrochemical oxidation, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT), thermal and non-thermal plasma systems, photocatalysis, and sonochemical oxidation includes technology readiness levels, destruction efficiencies, and commercialization pathways. Market forecasts span drinking water treatment, industrial wastewater, groundwater remediation, landfill leachate management, solids treatment, and residential systems across all global regions.

Report Contents Include:

• Executive summary with strategic imperatives for corporate PFAS management and industry transition benchmarks
• Complete PFAS classification covering non-polymeric and polymeric variants, chemical structures, properties, and applications
• Environmental fate, bioaccumulation mechanisms, toxicity profiles, and health effects driving regulatory action
• Comprehensive global regulatory landscape analysis including international agreements, EU regulations, US federal and state requirements, and Asian regulatory frameworks
• Industry-specific PFAS usage analysis across 14 sectors: semiconductors, textiles, food packaging, paints and coatings, ion exchange membranes, energy, 5G materials, cosmetics, firefighting foam, automotive, electronics, medical devices, and green hydrogen
• Detailed alternatives assessment covering PFAS-free release agents, non-fluorinated surfactants, water and oil-repellent materials, and fluorine-free liquid-repellent surfaces
• PFAS degradation and elimination methods including phytoremediation, microbial degradation, enzyme-based systems, mycoremediation, and biochar adsorption
• Water and solids treatment technology analysis with market forecasts by segment, application, and region through 2036
• Regional market analysis for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East/Africa
• Impact assessment of regulations on market dynamics, growth in alternatives markets, and regional shifts
• Emerging trends in green chemistry, circular economy approaches, and digital technologies for PFAS management
• Technical and economic barriers to PFAS substitution with performance gap analysis
• Short-term, medium-term, and long-term market projections through 2036
• 60 company profiles with technology portfolios and strategic positioning plus additional profiles for companies developing PFAS-free alternatives
• 144 data tables and 18 figures providing quantitative market intelligence

Companies Profiled include 374Water, Aclarity, AquaBlok, Aquagga, Aqua Metrology Systems (AMS), AECOM, Aether Biomachines, Allonia, Axine Water Technologies, BioLargo, Cabot Corporation, Calgon Carbon, Chromafora, Clariant, Claros Technologies, CoreWater Technologies, Cornelsen Umwelttechnologie GmbH, Crystal Clean, Cyclopure, Desotec, Dmax Plasma, DuPont, ECT2 (Montrose Environmental Group), Element Six, Environmental Clean Technologies Limited, EPOC Enviro, Evoqua Water Technologies, Framergy, Freudenberg Sealing Technologies, General Atomics and more.....

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1 Introduction to PFAS
  • 1.1.1 Strategic Imperatives for Corporate PFAS Management
  • 1.1.2 Industry Benchmarks for PFAS Transition
• 1.2 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Market Overview 2026-2036
  • 1.2.1 Market Landscape and Regulatory Transformation
  • 1.2.2 Regulatory Restrictions and Corporate Response
  • 1.2.3 PFAS Alternatives Market
  • 1.2.4 Remediation Technologies
• 1.3 Definition and Overview of PFAS
  • 1.3.1 Chemical Structure and Properties
  • 1.3.2 Historical Development and Use
• 1.4 Types of PFAS
  • 1.4.1 Non-polymeric PFAS
    • 1.4.1.1 Long-Chain PFAS
    • 1.4.1.2 Short-Chain PFAS
    • 1.4.1.3 Other non-polymeric PFAS
  • 1.4.2 Polymeric PFAS
    • 1.4.2.1 Fluoropolymers (FPs)
    • 1.4.2.2 Side-chain fluorinated polymers:
    • 1.4.2.3 Perfluoropolyethers
• 1.5 Properties and Applications of PFAS
  • 1.5.1 Water and Oil Repellency
  • 1.5.2 Thermal and Chemical Stability
  • 1.5.3 Surfactant Properties
  • 1.5.4 Low Friction
  • 1.5.5 Electrical Insulation
  • 1.5.6 Film-Forming Abilities
  • 1.5.7 Atmospheric Stability
• 1.6 Environmental and Health Concerns
  • 1.6.1 Persistence in the Environment
  • 1.6.2 Bioaccumulation
  • 1.6.3 Toxicity and Health Effects
  • 1.6.4 Environmental Contamination
• 1.7 PFAS Alternatives
• 1.8 Analytical techniques
• 1.9 Manufacturing/handling/import/export
• 1.10 Storage/disposal/treatment/purification
• 1.11 Water quality management
• 1.12 Alternative technologies and supply chains

2 GLOBAL REGULATORY LANDSCAPE

• 2.1 Impact of growing PFAS regulation
• 2.2 International Agreements
• 2.3 European Union Regulations
• 2.4 United States Regulations
  • 2.4.1 Federal regulations
    • 2.4.1.1 Current EPA Regulatory Actions and Policy Environment
      • 2.4.1.1.1 CERCLA Hazardous Substances Designation
      • 2.4.1.1.2 Wastewater Treatment and Biosolids
      • 2.4.1.1.3 Safe Drinking Water Act Developments
      • 2.4.1.1.4 State-Level Regulatory Fragmentation
  • 2.4.2 State-Level Regulations
    • 2.4.2.1 Drinking Water Standards
    • 2.4.2.2 Product Bans
• 2.5 Asian Regulations
  • 2.5.1 Japan
    • 2.5.1.1 Chemical Substances Control Law (CSCL)
    • 2.5.1.2 Water Quality Standards
  • 2.5.2 China
    • 2.5.2.1 List of New Contaminants Under Priority Control
    • 2.5.2.2 Catalog of Toxic Chemicals Under Severe Restrictions
    • 2.5.2.3 New Pollutants Control Action Plan
  • 2.5.3 Taiwan
    • 2.5.3.1 Toxic and Chemical Substances of Concern Act
  • 2.5.4 Australia and New Zealand
  • 2.5.5 Canada
  • 2.5.6 South Korea
• 2.6 Global Regulatory Trends and Outlook
  • 2.6.1 European Union Regulatory Evolution

3 INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC PFAS USAGE

• 3.1 Semiconductors
  • 3.1.1 Importance of PFAS
  • 3.1.2 Front-end processes
    • 3.1.2.1 Lithography
    • 3.1.2.2 Wet etching solutions
    • 3.1.2.3 Chiller coolants for dry etchers
    • 3.1.2.4 Piping and valves
  • 3.1.3 Back-end processes
    • 3.1.3.1 Interconnects and Packaging Materials
    • 3.1.3.2 Molding materials
    • 3.1.3.3 Die attach materials
    • 3.1.3.4 Interlayer film for package substrates
    • 3.1.3.5 Thermal management
  • 3.1.4 Product life cycle and impact of PFAS
    • 3.1.4.1 Manufacturing Stage (Raw Materials)
    • 3.1.4.2 Usage Stage (Semiconductor Factory)
    • 3.1.4.3 Disposal Stage
  • 3.1.5 Environmental and Human Health Impacts
  • 3.1.6 Regulatory Trends Related to Semiconductors
  • 3.1.7 Exemptions
  • 3.1.8 Future Regulatory Trends
  • 3.1.9 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.1.9.1 Alkyl Polyglucoside and Polyoxyethylene Surfactants
    • 3.1.9.2 Non-PFAS Etching Solutions
    • 3.1.9.3 PTFE-Free Sliding Materials
    • 3.1.9.4 Metal oxide-based materials
    • 3.1.9.5 Fluoropolymer Alternatives
    • 3.1.9.6 Silicone-based Materials
    • 3.1.9.7 Hydrocarbon-based Surfactants
    • 3.1.9.8 Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
    • 3.1.9.9 Engineered Polymers
    • 3.1.9.10 Supercritical CO2 Technology
    • 3.1.9.11 Plasma Technologies
    • 3.1.9.12 Sol-Gel Materials
    • 3.1.9.13 Biodegradable Polymers
• 3.2 Textiles and Clothing
  • 3.2.1 Overview
  • 3.2.2 PFAS in Water-Repellent Materials
  • 3.2.3 Stain-Resistant Treatments
  • 3.2.4 Regulatory Impact on Water-Repellent Clothing
  • 3.2.5 Industry Initiatives and Commitments
  • 3.2.6 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.2.6.1 Enhanced surface treatments
    • 3.2.6.2 Water-Repellent Coating Alternatives
    • 3.2.6.3 Non-fluorinated treatments
    • 3.2.6.4 Biomimetic approaches
    • 3.2.6.5 Nano-structured surfaces
    • 3.2.6.6 Wax-based additives
    • 3.2.6.7 Plasma treatments
    • 3.2.6.8 Sol-gel coatings
    • 3.2.6.9 Superhydrophobic coatings
    • 3.2.6.10 Biodegradable Polymer Coatings
    • 3.2.6.11 Graphene-based Coatings
    • 3.2.6.12 Enzyme-based Treatments
    • 3.2.6.13 Companies
• 3.3 Food Packaging
  • 3.3.1 Sustainable packaging
    • 3.3.1.1 PFAS in Grease-Resistant Packaging
    • 3.3.1.2 Other applications
    • 3.3.1.3 Regulatory Trends in Food Contact Materials
  • 3.3.2 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.3.2.1 Biobased materials
      • 3.3.2.1.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA)
      • 3.3.2.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
      • 3.3.2.1.3 Cellulose-based materials
        • 3.3.2.1.3.1 Nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC)
        • 3.3.2.1.3.2 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
      • 3.3.2.1.4 Silicon-based Alternatives
      • 3.3.2.1.5 Natural Waxes and Resins
      • 3.3.2.1.6 Engineered Paper and Board
      • 3.3.2.1.7 Nanocomposites
      • 3.3.2.1.8 Plasma Treatments
      • 3.3.2.1.9 Biodegradable Polymer Blends
      • 3.3.2.1.10 Chemically Modified Natural Polymers
      • 3.3.2.1.11 Molded Fiber
    • 3.3.2.2 PFAS-free coatings for food packaging
      • 3.3.2.2.1 Silicone-based Coatings:
      • 3.3.2.2.2 Bio-based Barrier Coatings
      • 3.3.2.2.3 Nanocellulose Coatings
      • 3.3.2.2.4 Superhydrophobic and Omniphobic Coatings
      • 3.3.2.2.5 Clay-based Nanocomposite Coatings
      • 3.3.2.2.6 Coated Papers
    • 3.3.2.3 Companies
• 3.4 Paints and Coatings
  • 3.4.1 Overview
  • 3.4.2 Applications
  • 3.4.3 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.4.3.1 Silicon-Based Alternatives:
    • 3.4.3.2 Hydrocarbon-Based Alternatives:
    • 3.4.3.3 Nanomaterials
    • 3.4.3.4 Plasma-Based Surface Treatments
    • 3.4.3.5 Inorganic Alternatives
    • 3.4.3.6 Bio-based Polymers:
    • 3.4.3.7 Dendritic Polymers
    • 3.4.3.8 Zwitterionic Polymers
    • 3.4.3.9 Graphene-based Coatings
    • 3.4.3.10 Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Coatings
    • 3.4.3.11 Companies
• 3.5 Ion Exchange membranes
  • 3.5.1 Overview
    • 3.5.1.1 PFAS in Ion Exchange Membranes
  • 3.5.2 Proton Exchange Membranes
    • 3.5.2.1 Overview
    • 3.5.2.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (PEMELs)
    • 3.5.2.3 Membrane Degradation
    • 3.5.2.4 Nafion
    • 3.5.2.5 Membrane electrode assembly (MEA)
  • 3.5.3 Manufacturing PFSA Membranes
  • 3.5.4 Enhancing PFSA Membranes
  • 3.5.5 Commercial PFSA membranes
  • 3.5.6 Catalyst Coated Membranes
    • 3.5.6.1 Alternatives to PFAS
  • 3.5.7 Membranes in Redox Flow Batteries
    • 3.5.7.1 Alternative Materials for RFB Membranes
  • 3.5.8 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.5.8.1 Alternative Polymer Materials
    • 3.5.8.2 Anion Exchange Membrane Technology (AEM) fuel cells
    • 3.5.8.3 Nanocellulose
    • 3.5.8.4 Boron-containing membranes
    • 3.5.8.5 Hydrocarbon-based membranes
    • 3.5.8.6 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
      • 3.5.8.6.1 MOF Composite Membranes
    • 3.5.8.7 Graphene
    • 3.5.8.8 Companies
• 3.6 Energy (excluding fuel cells)
  • 3.6.1 Overview
  • 3.6.2 Solar Panels
  • 3.6.3 Wind Turbines
    • 3.6.3.1 Blade Coatings
    • 3.6.3.2 Lubricants and Greases
    • 3.6.3.3 Electrical and Electronic Components
    • 3.6.3.4 Seals and Gaskets
  • 3.6.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries
    • 3.6.4.1 Electrode Binders
    • 3.6.4.2 Electrolyte Additives
    • 3.6.4.3 Separator Coatings
    • 3.6.4.4 Current Collector Coatings
    • 3.6.4.5 Gaskets and Seals
    • 3.6.4.6 Fluorinated Solvents in Electrode Manufacturing
    • 3.6.4.7 Surface Treatments
  • 3.6.5 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.6.5.1 Solar
      • 3.6.5.1.1 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Encapsulants
      • 3.6.5.1.2 Polyolefin Encapsulants
      • 3.6.5.1.3 Glass-Glass Module Design
      • 3.6.5.1.4 Bio-based Backsheets
    • 3.6.5.2 Wind Turbines
      • 3.6.5.2.1 Silicone-Based Coatings
      • 3.6.5.2.2 Nanocoatings
      • 3.6.5.2.3 Thermal De-icing Systems
      • 3.6.5.2.4 Polyurethane-Based Coatings
    • 3.6.5.3 Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 3.6.5.3.1 Water-Soluble Binders
      • 3.6.5.3.2 Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Based Binders
      • 3.6.5.3.3 Alginate-Based Binders
      • 3.6.5.3.4 Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
    • 3.6.5.4 Companies
• 3.7 Lubricant Alternatives
• 3.8 Low-loss materials for 5G
  • 3.8.1 Overview
    • 3.8.1.1 Organic PCB materials for 5G
  • 3.8.2 PTFE in 5G
    • 3.8.2.1 Properties
    • 3.8.2.2 PTFE-Based Laminates
    • 3.8.2.3 Regulations
    • 3.8.2.4 Commercial low-loss
  • 3.8.3 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.8.3.1 Liquid crystal polymers (LCP)
    • 3.8.3.2 Poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE)
    • 3.8.3.3 Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
    • 3.8.3.4 Hydrocarbon-based laminates
    • 3.8.3.5 Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC)
    • 3.8.3.6 Glass Substrates
• 3.9 Cosmetics
  • 3.9.1 Overview
  • 3.9.2 Use in cosmetics
  • 3.9.3 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.9.3.1 Silicone-based Polymers
    • 3.9.3.2 Plant-based Waxes and Oils
    • 3.9.3.3 Naturally Derived Polymers
    • 3.9.3.4 Silica-based Materials
    • 3.9.3.5 Companies Developing PFAS Alternatives in Cosmetics
• 3.10 Firefighting Foam
  • 3.10.1 Overview
  • 3.10.2 Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
  • 3.10.3 Environmental Contamination from AFFF Use
  • 3.10.4 Regulatory Pressures and Phase-Out Initiatives
  • 3.10.5 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.10.5.1 Fluorine-Free Foams (F3)
    • 3.10.5.2 Siloxane-Based Foams
    • 3.10.5.3 Protein-Based Foams
    • 3.10.5.4 Synthetic Detergent Foams (Syndet)
    • 3.10.5.5 Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS)
• 3.11 Automotive
  • 3.11.1 Overview
  • 3.11.2 PFAS in Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids
  • 3.11.3 Use in Fuel Systems and Engine Components
  • 3.11.4 Electric Vehicle
    • 3.11.4.1 PFAS in Electric Vehicles
    • 3.11.4.2 High-Voltage Cables
    • 3.11.4.3 Refrigerants
      • 3.11.4.3.1 Coolant Fluids in EVs
      • 3.11.4.3.2 Refrigerants for EVs
      • 3.11.4.3.3 Regulations
      • 3.11.4.3.4 PFAS-free Refrigerants
    • 3.11.4.4 Immersion Cooling for Li-ion Batteries
      • 3.11.4.4.1 Overview
      • 3.11.4.4.2 Single-phase Cooling
      • 3.11.4.4.3 Two-phase Cooling
      • 3.11.4.4.4 Companies
      • 3.11.4.4.5 PFAS-based Coolants in Immersion Cooling for EVs
  • 3.11.5 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.11.5.1 Lubricants and Greases
    • 3.11.5.2 Fuel System Components
    • 3.11.5.3 Surface Treatments and Coatings
    • 3.11.5.4 Gaskets and Seals
    • 3.11.5.5 Hydraulic Fluids
    • 3.11.5.6 Electrical and Electronic Components
    • 3.11.5.7 Paint and Coatings
    • 3.11.5.8 Windshield and Glass Treatments
• 3.12 Electronics
  • 3.12.1 Overview
  • 3.12.2 PFAS in Printed Circuit Boards
  • 3.12.3 Cable and Wire Insulation
  • 3.12.4 Regulatory Challenges for Electronics Manufacturers
  • 3.12.5 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.12.5.1 Wires and Cables
    • 3.12.5.2 Coating
    • 3.12.5.3 Electronic Components
    • 3.12.5.4 Sealing and Lubricants
    • 3.12.5.5 Cleaning
    • 3.12.5.6 Companies
• 3.13 Medical Devices
  • 3.13.1 Overview
  • 3.13.2 PFAS in Implantable Devices
  • 3.13.3 Diagnostic Equipment Applications
  • 3.13.4 Balancing Safety and Performance in Regulations
  • 3.13.5 Alternatives to PFAS
• 3.14 Green hydrogen
  • 3.14.1 Electrolyzers
  • 3.14.2 Alternatives to PFAS
  • 3.14.3 Economic implications

4 PFAS ALTERNATIVES

• 4.1 PFAS-Free Release Agents
  • 4.1.1 Silicone-Based Alternatives
  • 4.1.2 Hydrocarbon-Based Solutions
  • 4.1.3 Performance Comparisons
• 4.2 Non-Fluorinated Surfactants and Dispersants
  • 4.2.1 Bio-Based Surfactants
  • 4.2.2 Silicon-Based Surfactants
  • 4.2.3 Hydrocarbon-Based Surfactants
• 4.3 PFAS-Free Water and Oil-Repellent Materials
  • 4.3.1 Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
  • 4.3.2 PFA-Free Durable Water Repellent (DWR) Coatings
  • 4.3.3 Silicone-Based Repellents
  • 4.3.4 Nano-Structured Surfaces
• 4.4 Fluorine-Free Liquid-Repellent Surfaces
  • 4.4.1 Superhydrophobic Coatings
  • 4.4.2 Omniphobic Surfaces
  • 4.4.3 Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS)
• 4.5 PFAS-Free Colorless Transparent Polyimide
  • 4.5.1 Novel Polymer Structures
  • 4.5.2 Applications in Flexible Electronics
• 4.6 Heat Transfer Fluid Alternatives
• 4.7 Lubricant Alternatives

5 PFAS DEGRADATION AND ELIMINATION

• 5.1 Current methods for PFAS degradation and elimination
• 5.2 Bio-friendly methods
  • 5.2.1 Phytoremediation
  • 5.2.2 Microbial Degradation
  • 5.2.3 Enzyme-Based Degradation
  • 5.2.4 Mycoremediation
  • 5.2.5 Biochar Adsorption
  • 5.2.6 Green Oxidation Methods
  • 5.2.7 Bio-based Adsorbents
  • 5.2.8 Algae-Based Systems
• 5.3 Companies
• 5.4 Emerging Remediation and Destruction Technologies
  • 5.4.1 Technology Validation and Commercial Readiness Overview
  • 5.4.2 High-Efficiency Thermal Destruction: Recent Validated Results
  • 5.4.3 Hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT)
  • 5.4.4 Plasma Treatment
    • 5.4.4.1 Thermal Plasma Systems
    • 5.4.4.2 Non-Thermal Plasma Systems

6 PFAS TREATMENT

• 6.1 Definitional Framework: Treatment Market vs. Remediation Market
• 6.2 Introduction
• 6.3 Pathways for PFAS environmental contamination
  • 6.3.1 Corporate PFAS Phase-Out Commitments
• 6.4 Regulations
  • 6.4.1 USA
  • 6.4.2 EU
  • 6.4.3 Rest of the World
• 6.5 PFAS water treatment
  • 6.5.1 Introduction
  • 6.5.2 Market Forecast 2025-2036
  • 6.5.3 Applications
    • 6.5.3.1 Drinking water
    • 6.5.3.2 Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
    • 6.5.3.3 Landfill leachate
    • 6.5.3.4 Municipal wastewater treatment
    • 6.5.3.5 Industrial process and wastewater
    • 6.5.3.6 Sites with heavy PFAS contamination
    • 6.5.3.7 Point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE) filters and systems
  • 6.5.4 PFAS treatment approaches
  • 6.5.5 Traditional removal technologies
    • 6.5.5.1 Adsorption: granular activated carbon (GAC)
      • 6.5.5.1.1 Sources
      • 6.5.5.1.2 Short-chain PFAS compounds
      • 6.5.5.1.3 Reactivation
      • 6.5.5.1.4 PAC systems
    • 6.5.5.2 Adsorption: ion exchange resins (IER)
      • 6.5.5.2.1 Pre-treatment
      • 6.5.5.2.2 Resins
    • 6.5.5.3 Membrane filtration-reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
  • 6.5.6 Emerging removal technologies
    • 6.5.6.1 Foam fractionation and ozofractionation
      • 6.5.6.1.1 Polymeric sorbents
      • 6.5.6.1.2 Mineral-based sorbents
      • 6.5.6.1.3 Flocculation/coagulation
      • 6.5.6.1.4 Electrostatic coagulation/concentration
    • 6.5.6.2 Companies
  • 6.5.7 Destruction technologies
    • 6.5.7.1 PFAS waste management
    • 6.5.7.2 Landfilling of PFAS-containing waste
    • 6.5.7.3 Thermal treatment
    • 6.5.7.4 Liquid-phase PFAS destruction
    • 6.5.7.5 Electrochemical oxidation
    • 6.5.7.6 Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)
    • 6.5.7.7 Hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT)
    • 6.5.7.8 Plasma treatment
    • 6.5.7.9 Photocatalysis
    • 6.5.7.10 Sonochemical oxidation
    • 6.5.7.11 Challenges
    • 6.5.7.12 Companies
• 6.6 Destruction Technologies
  • 6.6.1 Technology Validation and Commercial Readiness Overview
  • 6.6.2 High-Efficiency Thermal Destruction: Recent Validated Results
• 6.7 PFAS Solids Treatment
  • 6.7.1 Market Forecast 2025-2036
  • 6.7.2 PFAS migration
  • 6.7.3 Soil washing (or soil scrubbing)
  • 6.7.4 Soil flushing
  • 6.7.5 Thermal desorption
  • 6.7.6 Phytoremediation
  • 6.7.7 In-situ immobilization
  • 6.7.8 Pyrolysis and gasification
  • 6.7.9 Plasma
  • 6.7.10 Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)
• 6.8 Companies

7 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

• 7.1 Current Market Size and Segmentation
  • 7.1.1 Long-Term Market Perspective
  • 7.1.2 Industry Capacity Expansion Investments
  • 7.1.3 Global PFAS Market Overview
  • 7.1.4 Regional Market Analysis
    • 7.1.4.1 North America
    • 7.1.4.2 Europe
    • 7.1.4.3 Asia-Pacific
    • 7.1.4.4 Latin America
    • 7.1.4.5 Middle East and Africa
  • 7.1.5 Market Segmentation by Industry
    • 7.1.5.1 Textiles and Apparel
    • 7.1.5.2 Food Packaging
    • 7.1.5.3 Firefighting Foams
    • 7.1.5.4 Electronics & semiconductors
    • 7.1.5.5 Automotive
    • 7.1.5.6 Aerospace
    • 7.1.5.7 Construction
    • 7.1.5.8 Others
  • 7.1.6 Global PFAS Treatment Market Overview
    • 7.1.6.1 Regional PFAS Treatment Market Analysis
      • 7.1.6.1.1 North America
      • 7.1.6.1.2 Europe
      • 7.1.6.1.3 Asia-Pacific
      • 7.1.6.1.4 Latin America
      • 7.1.6.1.5 Middle East and Africa
      • 7.1.6.1.6 Destruction technologies by waste source, by region
        • 7.1.6.1.6.1 Industrial Wastewater and Concentrated Waste Streams
        • 7.1.6.1.6.2 Landfill Leachate
        • 7.1.6.1.6.3 Concentrated Separation Process Waste
        • 7.1.6.1.6.4 Groundwater and Drinking Water
        • 7.1.6.1.6.5 Solid Waste and Biosolids
• 7.2 Impact of Regulations on Market Dynamics
  • 7.2.1 Shift from Long-Chain to Short-Chain PFAS
  • 7.2.2 Corporate PFAS Phase-Out Commitments
  • 7.2.3 Growth in PFAS-Free Alternatives Market
  • 7.2.4 Regional Market Shifts Due to Regulatory Differences
• 7.3 Emerging Trends and Opportunities
  • 7.3.1 Green Chemistry Innovations
  • 7.3.2 Circular Economy Approaches
  • 7.3.3 Digital Technologies for PFAS Management
• 7.4 Challenges and Barriers to PFAS Substitution
  • 7.4.1 Technical Performance Gaps
  • 7.4.2 Cost Considerations
  • 7.4.3 Regulatory Uncertainty
• 7.5 Future Market Projections
  • 7.5.1 Short-Term Outlook (1-3 Years)
  • 7.5.2 Medium-Term Projections (3-5 Years)
  • 7.5.3 Long-Term Scenarios (5-10 Years)

8 COMPANY PROFILES (60 company profiles)

9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

10 REFERENCES