산업용 바이오 제조 시장(2027-2037년)

Industrial biomanufacturing uses living systems - microbes, mammalian, plant and insect cells, and increasingly cell-free enzymatic platforms - to produce molecules that would otherwise be made from petrochemical feedstocks or extracted from natural sources. It spans six commercial domains: biopharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, biofuels, bioplastics, biochemicals and bio-agritech. The sector's economic case rests on three arguments rather than one. The first is decarbonisation: biological routes displace fossil feedstocks across chemicals, fuels, materials and food ingredients, and where carbon pricing tightens the cost gap narrows structurally rather than cyclically. The second is supply-chain resilience, since fermentation can be sited close to demand and run on local or waste-derived carbon. This has become explicit policy: the United States enacted the BIOSECURE Act in December 2025 and its National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology has identified limited domestic scale-up capacity as a structural weakness, while China has published target product lists to direct investment. The third is value capture - biomanufacturing creates new industrial ecosystems in strain design, bioprocess engineering and downstream separation rather than merely substituting inputs.

Biopharmaceuticals remain the largest value pool, with an addressable market approaching $1 trillion by 2030 across monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, recombinant proteins and the faster-growing cell, gene and RNA therapeutic segments. Industrial enzymes represent a mature multi-billion dollar market. Biofuels are the largest volume segment, and bioplastics, biochemicals and bio-agritech expanding from smaller bases. The technology frontier is moving on several fronts simultaneously: AI-driven protein and pathway design compressing design-build-test cycles; continuous and intensified fermentation displacing batch operation; cell-free systems removing the constraints of cell viability; and alternative feedstocks - C1 gases, lignocellulosics and captured CO₂ - reducing dependence on food crops.

The sector's record also warrants caution. Between 2019 and 2026 POET halted cellulosic production at Project Liberty, Clariant closed its Podari plant and exited biofuels, Fulcrum BioEnergy and Red Rock Biofuels entered bankruptcy without completing commercial production, both Enerkem sites failed, and Viridos filed for Chapter 11 after ExxonMobil ended a $350 million algae programme. No commercial biomass gasification-Fischer-Tropsch plant operates anywhere. Announced capacity consistently exceeds realised capacity, and forecasts should be read as contingent on a scale-up that has repeatedly proven harder than projected.

The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037 provides a comprehensive assessment of industrial biomanufacturing across its six commercial domains, combining technology analysis, market forecasts to 2037 and profiles of more than 1,000 companies. Industrial biomanufacturing has moved from a substitution play to a matter of industrial strategy, driven by decarbonisation targets, supply-chain security concerns and the emergence of AI-enabled biological design. This report examines what is genuinely commercial, what remains pre-commercial, and where announced capacity has failed to materialise. Coverage begins with production platforms - microbial fermentation, mammalian, plant and insect cell culture, transgenic systems and cell-free biomanufacturing - before addressing enabling technologies including synthetic biology, CRISPR-based strain engineering, continuous and intensified processing, downstream separation, and AI and robotics in bioprocess design.

Six market chapters then assess biopharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, biofuels, bioplastics, biochemicals and bio-agritech. Each covers technology and materials analysis, market drivers, regulations, value chain, technology readiness, addressable market size, risks and opportunities, and global revenue forecasts segmented by product type, application and region. The report includes revenue and volume forecasts to 2037, capacity and consumption series for renewable diesel, biodiesel, bio-jet fuel, bioethanol, biomethane and bio-LNG, and detailed assessments of feedstock availability including waste lipids, lignocellulosics, C1 and C2 gases, and captured CO₂. More than 1,080 companies are profiled with descriptions, country of operation and website.

Contents

• Executive Summary - definition and scope, processes, key components, economic importance, colours of biotechnology, markets, AI and robotics, emerging technologies
• Production - microbial fermentation, mammalian cell culture, plant cell culture, insect cell culture, transgenic animals and plants, technologies, scale, mode of operation, host organisms
• Biopharmaceuticals - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
• Industrial Enzymes (Biocatalysts) - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
• Biofuels - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
• Bioplastics - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
• Biochemicals - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
• Bio-Agritech - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles

Companies profiled include 3Bar Biologics, 3DBioFibR, 3M, 9Fiber, Inc., AbbVie, Absci Corp, Adaptive Symbiotic Technologies, ADBioplastics, Adjuvants Plus, Adriano di Marti/Desserto, Aduro Clean Technologies, Inc., Advanced Biochemical (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Aemetis, Inc., AEP Polymers, Aeropowder Limited, AFINGEN®, Afyren, AGAE Technologies LLC, Again Bio, AgBiome, Agilyx, Agra Energy, Agragene, AGRANA Staerke GmbH, Agrinos, Agrivida, Agrobiomics, AgroRenew, AgroSpheres, Ahlstrom-Munksjo Oyj, AI Proteins, Air Company, Aircela Inc, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Algaeing, Algal Bio Co., Ltd., Algenesis Corporation, Algenie, Algenl, Algenol, Alginor ASA, Algix LLC, Allied Carbon Solutions, Allozymes, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Alpha Biofuels (Singapore) Pte Ltd, Alto Neuroscience, AM Green, Amano Enzyme Inc., Amatera, Amfora, Amgen, AmicaTerra, Aminoverse, Amphista Therapeutics, AmphiStar, Amply Discovery, AMSilk GmbH, An Phat Bioplastics, Ananas Anam Ltd., Andermatt Biocontrol, Andritz AG, Anellotech, Inc., Ankor Bioplastics Co., Ltd., Anodyne Chemistries, ANPOLY, Inc., Anqing He Xing Chemical Co., Ltd., Ansa Biotechnologies, Antheia, APChemi Pvt. Ltd., Apeiron Bioenergy, Aperam BioEnergia, Apexzymes, Aphea.Bio, Applied Bioplastics, Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA), Aqemia, Aquafil S.p.A., Aquapak Polymers Ltd, Arcadia Biosciences, Arcadia eFuels, Archer Daniel Midland Company (ADM), Arctic Biomaterials Oy, Ardra Bio, Arekapak GmbH, Arkema S.A, Arlanxeo, Arrow Greentech, Arysta LifeScience, Arzeda, Arzeda Corp., Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, ASB Biodiesel Limited, Ascribe Bioscience, AstraZeneca, Atantares, Athos Therapeutics, Atlantica Agricola, Atmonia, Atomwise, Attis Innovations, llc, Aurigene Pharmaceutical Services, AVA Biochem AG, Avalon BioEnergy, Avani Eco, Avantium B.V., Avicenna Biosciences, Avient Corporation, Avioxx, Axcelon Biopolymers Corporation, Ayas Renewables Inc., Azolla, Azotic Technologies, B-PREG, Balrampur Chini Mills, Bambooder Biobased Fibers B.V., Basecamp Research, BASF, BASF SE, Bast Fiber Technologies, Inc., Bayer CropScience, BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd., Bcomp ltd., BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH, BEE Biofuel, Bee Vectoring Technologies, BeiGene, Benefuel Inc., BenevolentAI, Better Fibre Technologies, Betulium Oy, Beyond Leather Materials ApS, BigHat Biosciences, BigSis, Bio Fab NZ, BIO-FED, BIO-LUTIONS International AG, Bio-Oils, Bio2Materials Sp. z o.o., Bio2Oil ApS, BioAge Labs, Biobest, BioBetter, Biocatalysts Ltd., Bioceres Crop Solutions, Biocon, BioConsortia, BIOD Energy, BioEnz Technologies, Bioextrax AB, Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Biofibre GmbH, Biofine Technology, LLC, Bioform Technologies, Biofy, BiogasClean A/S, Biogen, Biojet AS, Biokemik, Bioleather, Biolevel, Biolexis Therapeutics, Bioline AgroSciences, BIOLO, BioLogiQ, Inc., BioMap, Biomass Resin Holdings Co., Ltd., Biomatter, Biomatter Designs, Biome Bioplastics, Biome Makers, Bionema, BioNTech, BioPhero, Biophilica, BioPhy, Bioplastech Ltd, Bioplastix, Biopolax, Bioptimus SAS, BioSolutions, Biosyntia, Biotalys, BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG, Biotecam, Biotechnology SL, Biotelliga, Biotensidion GmbH, Biotic Circular Technologies Ltd., Biotrem, Biotrop, Biovox, Bioweg, bitBiome, BlockTexx Pty Ltd., Bloom Biorenewables SA, BluCon Biotech GmbH, Blue BioFuels, Inc., Blue Ocean Closures, BlueAlp Technology, Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd., Bolt Threads, Bontera, Boreal Bioproducts, Borealis AG, Borregaard Chemcell, Bosk Bioproducts Inc., Botanical Solutions, Bowil Biotech Sp. z o.o., Braskem SA, Braven Environmental, LLC, Brightmark Energy, Brightseed, Bristol Myers Squibb, bse Methanol GmbH, BTG Bioliquids B.V., Bucha Bio, Inc., Burgo Group S.p.A., Buyo Bioplastic Ltd., Byogy Renewables, Inc., B’ZEOS, C-Zero Inc., C1 Green Chemicals AG, C16 Biosciences, Cambrium GmbH, Caphenia GmbH, CARAPAC Company, Carapace Biopolymers, Carbiolice, Carbios, Carbon Collect Limited, Carbon Crusher, Carbon Engineering Ltd., Carbon Infinity Limited, Carbon Recycling International, Carbon Sink LLC, Carbonade, CarbonBridge, Carbonwave, Carbyon BV, Cardia Bioplastics Ltd., Cardolite, Cargill, Cascade Biocatalysts, Cascade Biocatalysts, Inc., Cass Materials Pty Ltd, Cassandra Oil AB, Casterra Ag Ltd., Catalyxx, Cathay Industrial Biotech, Ltd., Celanese Corporation, Cellicon B.V., CellON, Celltrion, Cellucomp Ltd., Celluforce, Cellugy, Cellutech AB (Stora Enso), Celtic Renewables Ltd., Century Health Technology, Inc., Ceradis, Cereal Process Technologies (CPT), CERT Systems, Inc., Certis USA, CF Industries Holdings, Inc., CH-Bioforce Oy, ChainCraft, ChakraTech, Checkerspot, Inc., Chempolis Oy, Chestnut Bio Polymers, ChiralVision B.V., Chitelix, Chitose Bio Evolution Pte Ltd., Chongqing Bofei Biochemical Products Co., Ltd., Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., Cibus, CIMV, CinderBio, Circa Group, Circla Nordic, Circular Systems, CJ Biomaterials, Inc., Clariant, Clariant AG, CleanJoule, Climeworks, CNF Biofuel AS, CO2BioClean, Coastgrass ApS, Codexis, COFCO Cooperation Ltd., Coffeeco Upcycle, Conagen, Concentric Agriculture, Concord Blue Engineering, Constructive Bio, Cool Planet Energy Systems, Corn Next, Corsair Group International, Corteva Agriscience, Corumat, Inc. and more....

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1 Definition and Scope of Industrial Biomanufacturing
• 1.2 Overview of Industrial Biomanufacturing Processes
• 1.3 Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing
• 1.4 Importance of Industrial Biomanufacturing in the Global Economy
• 1.5 Colours of Biotechnology
• 1.6 Markets
  • 1.6.1 Biopharmaceuticals
  • 1.6.2 Industrial Enzymes
  • 1.6.3 Biofuels
  • 1.6.4 Biomaterials and Bioplastics
  • 1.6.5 Specialty Chemicals
  • 1.6.6 Food and Beverage
  • 1.6.7 Agriculture and Animal Health
  • 1.6.8 Environmental Biotechnology
• 1.7 AI and Robotics in Biomanufacturing
• 1.8 Other Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Biomanufacturing

2 PRODUCTION

• 2.1 Microbial Fermentation
• 2.2 Mammalian Cell Culture
• 2.3 Plant Cell Culture
• 2.4 Insect Cell Culture
  • 2.4.1 Overview
  • 2.4.2 Cell lines
  • 2.4.3 Process characteristics
  • 2.4.4 Glycosylation
  • 2.4.5 Commercial applications
  • 2.4.6 Position within industrial biomanufacturing
• 2.5 Transgenic Animals
• 2.6 Transgenic Plants
• 2.7 Technologies
  • 2.7.1 Upstream Processing
    • 2.7.1.1 Cell Culture
      • 2.7.1.1.1 Overview
      • 2.7.1.1.2 Types of Cell Culture Systems
      • 2.7.1.1.3 Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance
      • 2.7.1.1.4 Advances in Cell Culture Technology
        • 2.7.1.1.4.1 Single-use systems
        • 2.7.1.1.4.2 Process analytical technology (PAT)
        • 2.7.1.1.4.3 Cell line development
  • 2.7.2 Fermentation
    • 2.7.2.1 Overview
      • 2.7.2.1.1 Types of Fermentation Processes
      • 2.7.2.1.2 Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance
      • 2.7.2.1.3 Advances in Fermentation Technology
        • 2.7.2.1.3.1 High-cell-density fermentation
        • 2.7.2.1.3.2 Continuous processing
        • 2.7.2.1.3.3 Metabolic engineering
        • 2.7.2.1.3.4 Synthetic biology applications
        • 2.7.2.1.3.5 Cell-free systems
        • 2.7.2.1.3.6 Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing
  • 2.7.3 Downstream Processing
    • 2.7.3.1 Purification
      • 2.7.3.1.1 Overview
      • 2.7.3.1.2 Types of Purification Methods
      • 2.7.3.1.3 Factors Affecting Purification Performance
      • 2.7.3.1.4 Advances in Purification Technology
        • 2.7.3.1.4.1 Affinity chromatography
        • 2.7.3.1.4.2 Membrane chromatography
        • 2.7.3.1.4.3 Continuous chromatography
        • 2.7.3.1.4.4 Downstream processing (DSP) improvements
        • 2.7.3.1.4.5 Tangential flow filtration (TFF) in downstream bioprocessing
  • 2.7.4 Formulation
    • 2.7.4.1 Overview
      • 2.7.4.1.1 Types of Formulation Methods
      • 2.7.4.1.2 Factors Affecting Formulation Performance
      • 2.7.4.1.3 Advances in Formulation Technology
        • 2.7.4.1.3.1 Controlled release
        • 2.7.4.1.3.2 Nanoparticle formulation
        • 2.7.4.1.3.3 3D printing
  • 2.7.5 Bioprocess Development
    • 2.7.5.1 Scale-up
      • 2.7.5.1.1 Overview
      • 2.7.5.1.2 Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance
      • 2.7.5.1.3 Scale-up Strategies
    • 2.7.5.2 Optimization
      • 2.7.5.2.1 Overview
      • 2.7.5.2.2 Factors Affecting Optimization Performance
      • 2.7.5.2.3 Optimization Strategies
      • 2.7.5.2.4 Machine learning to improve biomanufacturing processes
      • 2.7.5.2.5 Process intensification and high-cell-density fermentation
      • 2.7.5.2.6 Hybrid biotechnological-chemical approaches
  • 2.7.6 Analytical Methods
    • 2.7.6.1 Quality Control
      • 2.7.6.1.1 Overview
      • 2.7.6.1.2 Types of Quality Control Tests
      • 2.7.6.1.3 Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance
    • 2.7.6.2 Characterization
      • 2.7.6.2.1 Overview
      • 2.7.6.2.2 Types of Characterization Methods
      • 2.7.6.2.3 Factors Affecting Characterization Performance
  • 2.7.7 Synthetic Biology Tools and Techniques
    • 2.7.7.1 DNA synthesis
    • 2.7.7.2 CRISPR-Cas9 systems
    • 2.7.7.3 Protein/enzyme engineering
    • 2.7.7.4 Computer-aided design
    • 2.7.7.5 Strain construction and optimization
    • 2.7.7.6 Robotics and automation
    • 2.7.7.7 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
  • 2.7.8 Alternative Feedstocks and Sustainability
    • 2.7.8.1 C1 feedstocks: Metabolic pathways
    • 2.7.8.2 C2 feedstocks
    • 2.7.8.3 Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks
    • 2.7.8.4 Blue biotechnology feedstocks
    • 2.7.8.5 Routes for carbon capture in biotechnology
• 2.8 Scale of Production
  • 2.8.1 Laboratory Scale
    • 2.8.1.1 Overview
    • 2.8.1.2 Scale and Equipment
    • 2.8.1.3 Advantages
    • 2.8.1.4 Disadvantages
  • 2.8.2 Pilot Scale
    • 2.8.2.1 Overview
    • 2.8.2.2 Scale and Equipment
    • 2.8.2.3 Advantages
    • 2.8.2.4 Disadvantages
  • 2.8.3 Commercial Scale
    • 2.8.3.1 Overview
    • 2.8.3.2 Scale and Equipment
    • 2.8.3.3 Advantages
    • 2.8.3.4 Disadvantages
• 2.9 Mode of Operation
  • 2.9.1 Batch Production
    • 2.9.1.1 Overview
    • 2.9.1.2 Advantages
    • 2.9.1.3 Disadvantages
    • 2.9.1.4 Applications
  • 2.9.2 Fed-batch Production
    • 2.9.2.1 Overview
    • 2.9.2.2 Advantages
    • 2.9.2.3 Disadvantages
    • 2.9.2.4 Applications
  • 2.9.3 Continuous Production
    • 2.9.3.1 Overview
    • 2.9.3.2 Advantages
    • 2.9.3.3 Disadvantages
    • 2.9.3.4 Applications
    • 2.9.3.5 Key fermentation parameter comparison
  • 2.9.4 Downstream processing and product recovery
  • 2.9.5 Cell factories for biomanufacturing
    • 2.9.5.1 Range of organisms
    • 2.9.5.2 Escherichia coli (E.coli)
    • 2.9.5.3 Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum)
    • 2.9.5.4 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)
    • 2.9.5.5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)
    • 2.9.5.6 Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica)
    • 2.9.5.7 Non-model organisms
  • 2.9.6 Perfusion Culture
    • 2.9.6.1 Overview
    • 2.9.6.2 Advantages
    • 2.9.6.3 Disadvantages
    • 2.9.6.4 Applications
    • 2.9.6.5 Perfusion bioreactors
  • 2.9.7 Other Modes of Operation
    • 2.9.7.1 Immobilized Cell Culture
      • 2.9.7.1.1 Immobilized enzymes
      • 2.9.7.1.2 Immobilized catalysts
    • 2.9.7.2 Two-Stage Production
    • 2.9.7.3 Hybrid Systems
• 2.10 Host Organisms
  • 2.10.1 Genetic stability and containment
• 2.11 Manufacturing capacity and contract production
• 2.12 Scale-up economics and the first-of-a-kind problem
• 2.13 Sustainability accounting and certification
• 2.14 Water and resource intensity

3 BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

• 3.1 Overview
• 3.2 Technology/materials analysis
  • 3.2.1 Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)
  • 3.2.2 Recombinant Proteins
  • 3.2.3 Vaccines
  • 3.2.4 Cell and Gene Therapies
  • 3.2.5 Blood Factors
  • 3.2.6 Tissue Engineering Products
  • 3.2.7 Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
  • 3.2.8 Peptide Therapeutics
  • 3.2.9 Biosimilars and Biobetters
  • 3.2.10 Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments
  • 3.2.11 Synthetic biology
    • 3.2.11.1 Metabolic engineering
      • 3.2.11.1.1 DNA synthesis
      • 3.2.11.1.2 CRISPR
        • 3.2.11.1.2.1 CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways
    • 3.2.11.2 Protein/Enzyme Engineering
    • 3.2.11.3 Strain construction and optimization
    • 3.2.11.4 Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
    • 3.2.11.5 Smart bioprocessing
    • 3.2.11.6 Cell-free systems
    • 3.2.11.7 Chassis organisms
    • 3.2.11.8 Biomimetics
    • 3.2.11.9 Sustainable materials
    • 3.2.11.10 Robotics and automation
      • 3.2.11.10.1 Robotic cloud laboratories
      • 3.2.11.10.2 Automating organism design
      • 3.2.11.10.3 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
    • 3.2.11.11 Fermentation Processes
  • 3.2.12 Generative Biology
    • 3.2.12.1 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
      • 3.2.12.1.1 Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)
      • 3.2.12.1.2 Normalizing Flows
      • 3.2.12.1.3 Autoregressive Models
      • 3.2.12.1.4 Evolutionary Generative Models
    • 3.2.12.2 Design Optimization
      • 3.2.12.2.1 Evolutionary Algorithms (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Evolutionary Strategies)
        • 3.2.12.2.1.1 Genetic Algorithms (GAs)
        • 3.2.12.2.1.2 Evolutionary Strategies (ES)
      • 3.2.12.2.2 Reinforcement Learning
      • 3.2.12.2.3 Multi-Objective Optimization
      • 3.2.12.2.4 Bayesian Optimization
    • 3.2.12.3 Computational Biology
      • 3.2.12.3.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
      • 3.2.12.3.2 Quantum Mechanical Calculations
      • 3.2.12.3.3 Systems Biology Modeling
      • 3.2.12.3.4 Metabolic Engineering Modeling
    • 3.2.12.4 Data-Driven Approaches
      • 3.2.12.4.1 Machine Learning
      • 3.2.12.4.2 Graph Neural Networks
      • 3.2.12.4.3 Unsupervised Learning
      • 3.2.12.4.4 Active Learning and Bayesian Optimization
    • 3.2.12.5 Agent-Based Modeling
    • 3.2.12.6 Hybrid Approaches
  • 3.2.13 Antibody-drug conjugates and multispecific formats
  • 3.2.14 Continuous and intensified biologics manufacturing
• 3.3 Market analysis
  • 3.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
  • 3.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
  • 3.3.3 Regulations
  • 3.3.4 Value chain
  • 3.3.5 Future outlook
  • 3.3.6 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
  • 3.3.7 Addressable Market Size
  • 3.3.8 Risks and Opportunities
  • 3.3.9 Global revenues
    • 3.3.9.1 By application market
    • 3.3.9.2 By regional market
• 3.4 Company profiles

4 INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES (BIOCATALYSTS)

• 4.1 Overview
  • 4.1.1 Bio-manufactured enzymes
• 4.2 Technology/materials analysis
  • 4.2.1 Detergent Enzymes
  • 4.2.2 Food Processing Enzymes
  • 4.2.3 Textile Processing Enzymes
  • 4.2.4 Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes
  • 4.2.5 Leather Processing Enzymes
  • 4.2.6 Biofuel Production Enzymes
    • 4.2.6.1 Enzymes for lignocellulosic derived bioethanol
    • 4.2.6.2 Cellulases for lignocellulosic bioethanol
    • 4.2.6.3 Hemicellulases and synergistic enzyme cocktails
    • 4.2.6.4 Thermostable and extremophilic enzymes
    • 4.2.6.5 Cost-performance metrics for thermostable enzymes
  • 4.2.7 Animal Feed Enzymes
  • 4.2.8 Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes
  • 4.2.9 Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes
    • 4.2.9.1 Enzymes for plastics recycling
    • 4.2.9.2 Enzymatic depolymerization
    • 4.2.9.3 Challenges in enzymatic depolymerization
  • 4.2.10 Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes
  • 4.2.11 Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO² Utilization
    • 4.2.11.1 Carbonic anhydrase in CO² capture technologies
    • 4.2.11.2 Formate dehydrogenase and CO²-to-chemicals pathways
    • 4.2.11.3 Selected enzymatic approaches to CO2 capture and conversion
  • 4.2.12 Enzyme immobilisation
• 4.3 Market analysis
  • 4.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
  • 4.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
  • 4.3.3 Technology challenges and opportunities for industrial enzymes
  • 4.3.4 Economic competitiveness of enzymatic processing
  • 4.3.5 Regulations
  • 4.3.6 Value chain
  • 4.3.7 Future outlook
  • 4.3.8 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
  • 4.3.9 Addressable Market Size
  • 4.3.10 Risks and Opportunities
  • 4.3.11 Global revenues
    • 4.3.11.1 By application market
    • 4.3.11.2 By regional market
• 4.4 Company profiles

5 BIOFUELS

• 5.1 Overview
• 5.2 Technology/materials analysis
  • 5.2.1 Role in the circular economy
  • 5.2.2 The global biofuels market
  • 5.2.3 Feedstocks
    • 5.2.3.1 First-generation (1-G)
    • 5.2.3.2 Second-generation (2-G)
      • 5.2.3.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
      • 5.2.3.2.2 Biorefinery lignin
    • 5.2.3.3 Third-generation (3-G)
      • 5.2.3.3.1 Algal biofuels
        • 5.2.3.3.1.1 Properties
        • 5.2.3.3.1.2 Advantages
    • 5.2.3.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)
    • 5.2.3.5 Advantages and disadvantages, by generation
  • 5.2.4 Bioethanol
    • 5.2.4.1 First-generation bioethanol (from sugars and starches)
    • 5.2.4.2 Second-generation bioethanol (from lignocellulosic biomass)
    • 5.2.4.3 Third-generation bioethanol (from algae)
  • 5.2.5 Biodiesel
    • 5.2.5.1 Biodiesel by generation
    • 5.2.5.2 Production of biodiesel and other biofuels
      • 5.2.5.2.1 Pyrolysis of biomass
      • 5.2.5.2.2 Vegetable oil transesterification
      • 5.2.5.2.3 Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)
        • 5.2.5.2.3.1 Production process
      • 5.2.5.2.4 Biodiesel from tall oil
      • 5.2.5.2.5 Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel
      • 5.2.5.2.6 Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
      • 5.2.5.2.7 CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)
      • 5.2.5.2.8 Dymethyl ether (DME)
    • 5.2.5.3 Prices
    • 5.2.5.4 Global production and consumption
  • 5.2.6 Biogas
    • 5.2.6.1 Feedstocks
    • 5.2.6.2 Biomethane
      • 5.2.6.2.1 Production pathways
        • 5.2.6.2.1.1 Landfill gas recovery
        • 5.2.6.2.1.2 Anaerobic digestion
        • 5.2.6.2.1.3 Thermal gasification
    • 5.2.6.3 Global production
    • 5.2.6.4 Prices
      • 5.2.6.4.1 Raw Biogas
      • 5.2.6.4.2 Upgraded Biomethane
    • 5.2.6.5 Bio-LNG
      • 5.2.6.5.1 Markets
        • 5.2.6.5.1.1 Trucks
        • 5.2.6.5.1.2 Marine
      • 5.2.6.5.2 Plants
    • 5.2.6.6 bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)
    • 5.2.6.7 Carbon capture from biogas
    • 5.2.6.8 Biosyngas
      • 5.2.6.8.1 Production
      • 5.2.6.8.2 Prices
  • 5.2.7 Biobutanol
    • 5.2.7.1 Production
    • 5.2.7.2 Prices
  • 5.2.8 Biohydrogen
    • 5.2.8.1 Description
      • 5.2.8.1.1 Dark fermentation
      • 5.2.8.1.2 Photofermentation
      • 5.2.8.1.3 Biophotolysis (direct and indirect)
        • 5.2.8.1.3.1 Direct Biophotolysis:
        • 5.2.8.1.3.2 Indirect Biophotolysis:
    • 5.2.8.2 Production of biohydrogen from biomass
      • 5.2.8.2.1 Biological Conversion Routes
        • 5.2.8.2.1.1 Bio-photochemical Reaction
        • 5.2.8.2.1.2 Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
      • 5.2.8.2.2 Thermochemical conversion routes
        • 5.2.8.2.2.1 Biomass Gasification
        • 5.2.8.2.2.2 Biomass Pyrolysis
        • 5.2.8.2.2.3 Biomethane Reforming
    • 5.2.8.3 Applications
    • 5.2.8.4 Prices
  • 5.2.9 Biomethanol
    • 5.2.9.1 Gasification-based biomethanol
    • 5.2.9.2 Biosynthesis-based biomethanol
    • 5.2.9.3 Methanol-to gasoline technology
      • 5.2.9.3.1 Production processes
        • 5.2.9.3.1.1 Anaerobic digestion
        • 5.2.9.3.1.2 Biomass gasification
        • 5.2.9.3.1.3 Power to Methane
  • 5.2.10 Bio-oil and Biochar
    • 5.2.10.1 Pyrolysis-based bio-oil
    • 5.2.10.2 Hydrothermal liquefaction-based bio-oil
    • 5.2.10.3 Biochar from pyrolysis and gasification processes
    • 5.2.10.4 Advantages of bio-oils
    • 5.2.10.5 Production
      • 5.2.10.5.1 Fast Pyrolysis
      • 5.2.10.5.2 Costs of production
      • 5.2.10.5.3 Upgrading
    • 5.2.10.6 Applications
    • 5.2.10.7 Bio-oil producers
    • 5.2.10.8 Prices
      • 5.2.10.8.1 Biochar co-product economics
      • 5.2.10.8.2 Biochar in anaerobic digestion
  • 5.2.11 Renewable Diesel and Jet Fuel
    • 5.2.11.1 Renewable diesel
      • 5.2.11.1.1 Production
      • 5.2.11.1.2 Global consumption
      • 5.2.11.1.3 Prices
    • 5.2.11.2 Bio-aviation fuel (bio-jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel or aviation biofuel)
      • 5.2.11.2.1 Description
      • 5.2.11.2.2 SWOT analysis
      • 5.2.11.2.3 Global production and consumption
      • 5.2.11.2.4 Production pathways
      • 5.2.11.2.5 Prices
      • 5.2.11.2.6 Bio-aviation fuel production capacities
      • 5.2.11.2.7 Challenges
      • 5.2.11.2.8 Global consumption
  • 5.2.12 Algal biofuels
    • 5.2.12.1 Conversion pathways
    • 5.2.12.2 SWOT analysis
    • 5.2.12.3 Production
    • 5.2.12.4 Market challenges
    • 5.2.12.5 Prices
    • 5.2.12.6 Producers
  • 5.2.13 Power-to-liquids and e-fuels
    • 5.2.13.1 The regulatory driver
  • 5.2.14 Marine fuels
    • 5.2.14.1 Comparison with biological pathways
• 5.3 Market analysis
  • 5.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
  • 5.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
  • 5.3.3 Regulations
  • 5.3.4 Value chain
  • 5.3.5 Future outlook
  • 5.3.6 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
  • 5.3.7 Addressable Market Size
  • 5.3.8 Risks and Opportunities
  • 5.3.9 Global revenues
    • 5.3.9.1 By biofuel type
    • 5.3.9.2 Applications Market
    • 5.3.9.3 By regional market
• 5.4 Company profiles

6 BIOPLASTICS

• 6.1 Overview
• 6.2 Technology/materials analysis
  • 6.2.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)
  • 6.2.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
    • 6.2.2.1 Types
    • 6.2.2.2 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)
    • 6.2.2.3 Polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV)
  • 6.2.3 Bio-based polyethylene (PE)
  • 6.2.4 Bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
  • 6.2.5 Bio-based polyurethanes (PUs)
  • 6.2.6 Starch-based plastics
  • 6.2.7 Cellulose-based plastics
  • 6.2.8 End-of-life pathways and recycling interaction
• 6.3 Market analysis
  • 6.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
  • 6.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
  • 6.3.3 Regulations
  • 6.3.4 Value chain
  • 6.3.5 Future outlook
  • 6.3.6 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
  • 6.3.7 Addressable Market Size
  • 6.3.8 Risks and Opportunities
  • 6.3.9 Global revenues
    • 6.3.9.1 By type
    • 6.3.9.2 By application market
    • 6.3.9.3 By regional market
• 6.4 Company profiles

7 BIOCHEMICALS

• 7.1 Overview
• 7.2 Bio-based feedstocks
  • 7.2.1 Organic acids
    • 7.2.1.1 Lactic acid
      • 7.2.1.1.1 D-lactic acid
      • 7.2.1.1.2 L-lactic acid
    • 7.2.1.2 Succinic acid
    • 7.2.1.3 Itaconic acid
    • 7.2.1.4 Citric acid
    • 7.2.1.5 Acetic acid
    • 7.2.1.6 Malonic acid
  • 7.2.2 Amino acids
    • 7.2.2.1 Glutamic acid
    • 7.2.2.2 Lysine
    • 7.2.2.3 Threonine
    • 7.2.2.4 Methionine
    • 7.2.2.5 Vitamins produced using biotechnology
      • 7.2.2.5.1 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
      • 7.2.2.5.2 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
      • 7.2.2.5.3 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
      • 7.2.2.5.4 Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
      • 7.2.2.5.5 Vitamin B3 (Niacin Nicotinic Acid)
      • 7.2.2.5.6 Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid Folate)
  • 7.2.3 Alcohols
    • 7.2.3.1 Ethanol
    • 7.2.3.2 Butanol
    • 7.2.3.3 Isobutanol
    • 7.2.3.4 Propanediol
  • 7.2.4 Surfactants
    • 7.2.4.1 Biosurfactants (e.g., rhamnolipids, sophorolipids)
      • 7.2.4.1.1 Rhamnolipids
      • 7.2.4.1.2 Sophorolipids
      • 7.2.4.1.3 Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs)
      • 7.2.4.1.4 Cellobiose lipids
      • 7.2.4.1.5 Designer glycolipids and lipopeptides via synthetic biology
    • 7.2.4.2 Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs)
  • 7.2.5 Solvents
    • 7.2.5.1 Ethyl lactate
    • 7.2.5.2 Dimethyl carbonate
    • 7.2.5.3 Glycerol
  • 7.2.6 Flavours and fragrances
    • 7.2.6.1 Vanillin
    • 7.2.6.2 Nootkatone
    • 7.2.6.3 Limonene
    • 7.2.6.4 Bio-manufactured fragrances and aromatics
    • 7.2.6.5 Biotech-derived fragrance precursors
    • 7.2.6.6 Ambroxan
    • 7.2.6.7 Flavour enhancers
    • 7.2.6.8 Disodium Inosinate (IMP)
    • 7.2.6.9 Disodium Guanylate (GMP)
    • 7.2.6.10 Monatin
  • 7.2.7 Bio-based monomers and intermediates
    • 7.2.7.1 Succinic acid
    • 7.2.7.2 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)
    • 7.2.7.3 Isoprene
    • 7.2.7.4 Ethylene
    • 7.2.7.5 Propylene
    • 7.2.7.6 Adipic acid
    • 7.2.7.7 Acrylic acid
    • 7.2.7.8 Sebacic acid
    • 7.2.7.9 C12: Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
    • 7.2.7.10 1,5-Pentanediamine (PDA)
  • 7.2.8 Bio-based polymers
    • 7.2.8.1 Polybutylene succinate (PBS)
    • 7.2.8.2 Polyamides (nylons)
    • 7.2.8.3 Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)
    • 7.2.8.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)
    • 7.2.8.5 Polyethylene isosorbide terephthalate (PEIT)
      • 7.2.8.5.1 Overview
      • 7.2.8.5.2 Applications
  • 7.2.9 Bio-based composites and blends
    • 7.2.9.1 Wood-plastic composites (WPCs)
    • 7.2.9.2 Biofiller-reinforced plastics
    • 7.2.9.3 Biofiber-reinforced plastics
    • 7.2.9.4 Polymer blends with bio-based components
  • 7.2.10 Beauty and Personal Care Chemicals
    • 7.2.10.1 Hyaluronic acid production
    • 7.2.10.2 Squalene and Squalane alternatives
    • 7.2.10.3 Collagen
    • 7.2.10.4 Bio-based UV filters and photoprotective compounds
    • 7.2.10.5 Melanin
    • 7.2.10.6 Emollients
  • 7.2.11 Waste
    • 7.2.11.1 Food waste
    • 7.2.11.2 Agricultural waste
    • 7.2.11.3 Forestry waste
    • 7.2.11.4 Aquaculturefishing waste
    • 7.2.11.5 Municipal solid waste
    • 7.2.11.6 Industrial waste
    • 7.2.11.7 Waste oils
  • 7.2.12 Microbial and mineral sources
    • 7.2.12.1 Microalgae
    • 7.2.12.2 Macroalgae
    • 7.2.12.3 Cyanobacteria
    • 7.2.12.4 Mineral sources
  • 7.2.13 Precision fermentation and alternative proteins
  • 7.2.14 Other Bio-manufactured Products
    • 7.2.14.1 Cement alternatives from biomanufacturing
    • 7.2.14.2 Precision fermentation products
• 7.3 Market analysis
  • 7.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
    • 7.3.1.1 Company landscape in specialty chemicals biotechnology
    • 7.3.1.2 Bio-manufactured beauty ingredient production capacities
  • 7.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
    • 7.3.2.1 Trends and drivers in biotechnology
    • 7.3.2.2 Government support of biotechnology
    • 7.3.2.3 Carbon taxes
  • 7.3.3 Regulations
  • 7.3.4 Value chain
    • 7.3.4.1 Economic viability factors
    • 7.3.4.2 Effect of feedstock prices
    • 7.3.4.3 Scale-up effects on cost
  • 7.3.5 Future outlook
  • 7.3.6 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
  • 7.3.7 Addressable Market Size
  • 7.3.8 Risks and Opportunities
  • 7.3.9 Major market challenges
  • 7.3.10 Technical challenges
  • 7.3.11 Global revenues
    • 7.3.11.1 By type
    • 7.3.11.2 By application market
    • 7.3.11.3 By regional market
• 7.4 Company profiles

8 BIO-AGRITECH

• 8.1 Overview
• 8.2 Technology & materials analysis
  • 8.2.1 Biopesticides
    • 8.2.1.1 Semiochemical
    • 8.2.1.2 Macrobial Biological Control Agents
    • 8.2.1.3 Microbial pesticides
    • 8.2.1.4 Biochemical pesticides
    • 8.2.1.5 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
  • 8.2.2 Biofertilizers
  • 8.2.3 Biostimulants
    • 8.2.3.1 Microbial biostimulants
      • 8.2.3.1.1 Nitrogen Fixation
      • 8.2.3.1.2 Formulation Challenges
    • 8.2.3.2 Natural Product Biostimulants
    • 8.2.3.3 Manipulating the Microbiome
    • 8.2.3.4 Synthetic Biology
    • 8.2.3.5 Non-microbial biostimulants
  • 8.2.4 Agricultural Enzymes
    • 8.2.4.1 Types of Agricultural Enzymes
  • 8.2.5 RNA-based biopesticides and semiochemicals
• 8.3 Market analysis
  • 8.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
  • 8.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
  • 8.3.3 Regulations
  • 8.3.4 Value chain
  • 8.3.5 Future outlook
  • 8.3.6 Addressable Market Size
  • 8.3.7 Risks and Opportunities
  • 8.3.8 Global revenues
    • 8.3.8.1 By application market
    • 8.3.8.2 By regional market
• 8.4 Company profiles

9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

10 REFERENCES