셀룰러 IoT 시장 : 시장 분석 및 예측 - 유형별, 제품별, 서비스별, 기술별, 컴포넌트별, 용도별, 디바이스별, 전개 모드별, 최종 사용자별, 기능별(-2035년)

Cellular IoT Market is anticipated to expand from $3.5 billion in 2024 to $22.0 billion by 2034, growing at a CAGR of approximately 20.2%. The Cellular IoT Market encompasses the integration of cellular connectivity in IoT devices, leveraging networks like 5G, LTE, and NB-IoT to enable seamless communication. This market facilitates real-time data exchange across diverse sectors, including smart cities, healthcare, and automotive. The proliferation of connected devices and advancements in network infrastructure are propelling growth, with a focus on enhancing data security, reducing latency, and expanding global coverage. The demand for efficient, scalable IoT solutions is driving innovation in device management and connectivity standards.

The Cellular IoT Market is experiencing robust expansion, propelled by rising connectivity needs across industries. The hardware segment dominates, with modules and sensors leading due to their critical role in enabling IoT connectivity. Within this segment, LPWAN and NB-IoT technologies are top performers, offering cost-effective and energy-efficient solutions. The software segment, encompassing IoT platforms and data management solutions, is the second-highest performer, driven by the necessity for seamless integration and real-time analytics.

The service segment, particularly managed services, is gaining momentum as companies seek efficient IoT deployment and maintenance. Automotive and transportation sectors are at the forefront of IoT adoption, leveraging connectivity for fleet management and telematics. Healthcare follows closely, utilizing IoT for remote monitoring and patient care. Industrial IoT applications are expanding, enhancing operational efficiency and predictive maintenance. The proliferation of smart city initiatives further accelerates market growth, fostering innovation and new business models.

The Cellular IoT market is witnessing a dynamic shift, with market share increasingly dominated by innovative pricing strategies and the introduction of cutting-edge products. Companies are focusing on launching new IoT solutions that offer enhanced connectivity and integration capabilities. These developments are designed to attract a diverse range of industries, from automotive to healthcare, seeking robust IoT solutions. The emphasis on competitive pricing models is further intensifying the market landscape, encouraging widespread adoption and fostering a competitive environment.

Competition in the Cellular IoT market is fierce, with key players vying for dominance through strategic partnerships and technological advancements. Regulatory frameworks, particularly in North America and Europe, are pivotal in shaping market dynamics, ensuring compliance and setting industry standards. Market leaders like Ericsson, Huawei, and Qualcomm are investing heavily in R&D to maintain their competitive edge. The market is also seeing a surge in demand for low-power wide-area networks, driven by the need for efficient, cost-effective IoT connectivity solutions. This competitive benchmarking, coupled with regulatory influences, is essential for understanding the market's trajectory and potential opportunities.

Geographical Overview:

The Cellular IoT market is experiencing robust growth across various regions, each characterized by unique dynamics. North America leads, driven by widespread IoT adoption and significant investments in 5G infrastructure. The region's strong technological ecosystem and government initiatives further bolster market expansion. Europe follows closely, with a focus on smart city projects and stringent regulatory frameworks enhancing IoT deployment. The region's commitment to sustainability and innovation also propels growth. In Asia Pacific, the market is rapidly expanding, fueled by technological advancements and substantial investments in IoT solutions. Countries like China and India are at the forefront, leveraging IoT for industrial automation and smart manufacturing. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging markets with growing potential. In Latin America, IoT applications in agriculture and logistics are gaining traction, while the Middle East & Africa are recognizing IoT's role in driving economic diversification and digital transformation.

Key Trends and Drivers:

The Cellular IoT market is experiencing robust expansion, fueled by the proliferation of connected devices and the burgeoning demand for real-time data analytics. Key trends include the integration of 5G technology, which is enhancing connectivity and enabling faster data transmission. This advancement is pivotal for industries such as automotive, healthcare, and smart cities, where seamless communication is crucial. Moreover, the adoption of eSIM technology is simplifying device management and reducing operational costs, driving wider adoption across various sectors. The rise of edge computing is another significant trend, allowing data processing closer to the source and reducing latency, which is critical for IoT applications. Additionally, increased investment in IoT security solutions is addressing growing concerns around data privacy and cyber threats. Drivers of this market include the escalating need for automation and the Internet of Things in industrial applications. The push towards smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 is propelling the demand for cellular IoT solutions. Furthermore, government initiatives supporting digital transformation and smart infrastructure development are providing a conducive environment for market growth. Opportunities abound in emerging markets where digital connectivity is rapidly expanding, offering untapped potential for IoT deployment. Companies that innovate in scalability and interoperability are well-positioned to capitalize on these opportunities.

US Tariff Impact:

The Cellular IoT market is being reshaped by global tariffs, geopolitical risks, and supply chain dynamics. In Japan and South Korea, companies are increasingly investing in domestic IoT technologies to mitigate tariff-induced cost pressures and reduce reliance on foreign components. China's focus on self-reliance has intensified, with significant investment in indigenous IoT infrastructure amid Western trade restrictions. Taiwan continues to be a pivotal player in semiconductor manufacturing but remains vulnerable to geopolitical tensions, particularly with China. The global Cellular IoT market is robust, driven by the proliferation of smart devices and connectivity solutions. By 2035, the market is expected to thrive through strategic regional collaborations and innovation. Meanwhile, Middle East conflicts could exacerbate energy price volatility, impacting supply chain stability and operational costs.

Key Players:

Sierra Wireless, Telit Communications, Quectel Wireless Solutions, Thales Group, Sim Com Wireless Solutions, u-blox, Fibocom Wireless, Gemalto, Cavli Wireless, Nordic Semiconductor, Giesecke+ Devrient, Sequans Communications, Altair Semiconductor, Neoway Technology, Sunsea AIo T Technology, Commsolid, Murata Manufacturing, Ac Si P Technology, Particle, Link Labs

Research Scope:

• Estimates and forecasts the overall market size across type, application, and region.
• Provides detailed information and key takeaways on qualitative and quantitative trends, dynamics, business framework, competitive landscape, and company profiling.
• Identifies factors influencing market growth and challenges, opportunities, drivers, and restraints.
• Identifies factors that could limit company participation in international markets to help calibrate market share expectations and growth rates.
• Evaluates key development strategies like acquisitions, product launches, mergers, collaborations, business expansions, agreements, partnerships, and R&D activities.
• Analyzes smaller market segments strategically, focusing on their potential, growth patterns, and impact on the overall market.
• Outlines the competitive landscape, assessing business and corporate strategies to monitor and dissect competitive advancements.

Our research scope provides comprehensive market data, insights, and analysis across a variety of critical areas. We cover Local Market Analysis, assessing consumer demographics, purchasing behaviors, and market size within specific regions to identify growth opportunities. Our Local Competition Review offers a detailed evaluation of competitors, including their strengths, weaknesses, and market positioning. We also conduct Local Regulatory Reviews to ensure businesses comply with relevant laws and regulations. Industry Analysis provides an in-depth look at market dynamics, key players, and trends. Additionally, we offer Cross-Segmental Analysis to identify synergies between different market segments, as well as Production-Consumption and Demand-Supply Analysis to optimize supply chain efficiency. Our Import-Export Analysis helps businesses navigate global trade environments by evaluating trade flows and policies. These insights empower clients to make informed strategic decisions, mitigate risks, and capitalize on market opportunities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Executive Summary

• 1.1 Market Size and Forecast
• 1.2 Market Overview
• 1.3 Market Snapshot
• 1.4 Regional Snapshot
• 1.5 Strategic Recommendations
• 1.6 Analyst Notes

2 Market Highlights

• 2.1 Key Market Highlights by Type
• 2.2 Key Market Highlights by Product
• 2.3 Key Market Highlights by Services
• 2.4 Key Market Highlights by Technology
• 2.5 Key Market Highlights by Component
• 2.6 Key Market Highlights by Application
• 2.7 Key Market Highlights by Device
• 2.8 Key Market Highlights by Deployment
• 2.9 Key Market Highlights by End User
• 2.10 Key Market Highlights by Functionality

3 Market Dynamics

• 3.1 Macroeconomic Analysis
• 3.2 Market Trends
• 3.3 Market Drivers
• 3.4 Market Opportunities
• 3.5 Market Restraints
• 3.6 CAGR Growth Analysis
• 3.7 Impact Analysis
• 3.8 Emerging Markets
• 3.9 Technology Roadmap
• 3.10 Strategic Frameworks
  • 3.10.1 PORTER's 5 Forces Model
  • 3.10.2 ANSOFF Matrix
  • 3.10.3 4P's Model
  • 3.10.4 PESTEL Analysis

4 Segment Analysis

• 4.1 Market Size & Forecast by Type (2020-2035)
  • 4.1.1 NB-IoT
  • 4.1.2 LTE-M
  • 4.1.3 2G
  • 4.1.4 3G
  • 4.1.5 4G
  • 4.1.6 5G
• 4.2 Market Size & Forecast by Product (2020-2035)
  • 4.2.1 Modules
  • 4.2.2 Chips
  • 4.2.3 Gateways
  • 4.2.4 Connectivity Services
• 4.3 Market Size & Forecast by Services (2020-2035)
  • 4.3.1 Managed Services
  • 4.3.2 Professional Services
  • 4.3.3 Consulting Services
• 4.4 Market Size & Forecast by Technology (2020-2035)
  • 4.4.1 eSIM
  • 4.4.2 Embedded
  • 4.4.3 Cloud-based
  • 4.4.4 Edge Computing
• 4.5 Market Size & Forecast by Component (2020-2035)
  • 4.5.1 Hardware
  • 4.5.2 Software
  • 4.5.3 Connectivity
• 4.6 Market Size & Forecast by Application (2020-2035)
  • 4.6.1 Smart City
  • 4.6.2 Industrial Automation
  • 4.6.3 Healthcare
  • 4.6.4 Agriculture
  • 4.6.5 Retail
  • 4.6.6 Automotive
  • 4.6.7 Energy
  • 4.6.8 Logistics
• 4.7 Market Size & Forecast by Device (2020-2035)
  • 4.7.1 Wearables
  • 4.7.2 Smart Meters
  • 4.7.3 Connected Vehicles
  • 4.7.4 Smart Appliances
• 4.8 Market Size & Forecast by Deployment (2020-2035)
  • 4.8.1 On-Premise
  • 4.8.2 Cloud
  • 4.8.3 Hybrid
• 4.9 Market Size & Forecast by End User (2020-2035)
  • 4.9.1 Enterprises
  • 4.9.2 Government
  • 4.9.3 Utilities
  • 4.9.4 Healthcare Providers
  • 4.9.5 Retailers
• 4.10 Market Size & Forecast by Functionality (2020-2035)
  • 4.10.1 Tracking
  • 4.10.2 Monitoring
  • 4.10.3 Control
  • 4.10.4 Data Collection

5 Regional Analysis

• 5.1 Global Market Overview
• 5.2 North America Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.2.1 United States
    • 5.2.1.1 Type
    • 5.2.1.2 Product
    • 5.2.1.3 Services
    • 5.2.1.4 Technology
    • 5.2.1.5 Component
    • 5.2.1.6 Application
    • 5.2.1.7 Device
    • 5.2.1.8 Deployment
    • 5.2.1.9 End User
    • 5.2.1.10 Functionality
  • 5.2.2 Canada
    • 5.2.2.1 Type
    • 5.2.2.2 Product
    • 5.2.2.3 Services
    • 5.2.2.4 Technology
    • 5.2.2.5 Component
    • 5.2.2.6 Application
    • 5.2.2.7 Device
    • 5.2.2.8 Deployment
    • 5.2.2.9 End User
    • 5.2.2.10 Functionality
  • 5.2.3 Mexico
    • 5.2.3.1 Type
    • 5.2.3.2 Product
    • 5.2.3.3 Services
    • 5.2.3.4 Technology
    • 5.2.3.5 Component
    • 5.2.3.6 Application
    • 5.2.3.7 Device
    • 5.2.3.8 Deployment
    • 5.2.3.9 End User
    • 5.2.3.10 Functionality
• 5.3 Latin America Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.3.1 Brazil
    • 5.3.1.1 Type
    • 5.3.1.2 Product
    • 5.3.1.3 Services
    • 5.3.1.4 Technology
    • 5.3.1.5 Component
    • 5.3.1.6 Application
    • 5.3.1.7 Device
    • 5.3.1.8 Deployment
    • 5.3.1.9 End User
    • 5.3.1.10 Functionality
  • 5.3.2 Argentina
    • 5.3.2.1 Type
    • 5.3.2.2 Product
    • 5.3.2.3 Services
    • 5.3.2.4 Technology
    • 5.3.2.5 Component
    • 5.3.2.6 Application
    • 5.3.2.7 Device
    • 5.3.2.8 Deployment
    • 5.3.2.9 End User
    • 5.3.2.10 Functionality
  • 5.3.3 Rest of Latin America
    • 5.3.3.1 Type
    • 5.3.3.2 Product
    • 5.3.3.3 Services
    • 5.3.3.4 Technology
    • 5.3.3.5 Component
    • 5.3.3.6 Application
    • 5.3.3.7 Device
    • 5.3.3.8 Deployment
    • 5.3.3.9 End User
    • 5.3.3.10 Functionality
• 5.4 Asia-Pacific Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.4.1 China
    • 5.4.1.1 Type
    • 5.4.1.2 Product
    • 5.4.1.3 Services
    • 5.4.1.4 Technology
    • 5.4.1.5 Component
    • 5.4.1.6 Application
    • 5.4.1.7 Device
    • 5.4.1.8 Deployment
    • 5.4.1.9 End User
    • 5.4.1.10 Functionality
  • 5.4.2 India
    • 5.4.2.1 Type
    • 5.4.2.2 Product
    • 5.4.2.3 Services
    • 5.4.2.4 Technology
    • 5.4.2.5 Component
    • 5.4.2.6 Application
    • 5.4.2.7 Device
    • 5.4.2.8 Deployment
    • 5.4.2.9 End User
    • 5.4.2.10 Functionality
  • 5.4.3 South Korea
    • 5.4.3.1 Type
    • 5.4.3.2 Product
    • 5.4.3.3 Services
    • 5.4.3.4 Technology
    • 5.4.3.5 Component
    • 5.4.3.6 Application
    • 5.4.3.7 Device
    • 5.4.3.8 Deployment
    • 5.4.3.9 End User
    • 5.4.3.10 Functionality
  • 5.4.4 Japan
    • 5.4.4.1 Type
    • 5.4.4.2 Product
    • 5.4.4.3 Services
    • 5.4.4.4 Technology
    • 5.4.4.5 Component
    • 5.4.4.6 Application
    • 5.4.4.7 Device
    • 5.4.4.8 Deployment
    • 5.4.4.9 End User
    • 5.4.4.10 Functionality
  • 5.4.5 Australia
    • 5.4.5.1 Type
    • 5.4.5.2 Product
    • 5.4.5.3 Services
    • 5.4.5.4 Technology
    • 5.4.5.5 Component
    • 5.4.5.6 Application
    • 5.4.5.7 Device
    • 5.4.5.8 Deployment
    • 5.4.5.9 End User
    • 5.4.5.10 Functionality
  • 5.4.6 Taiwan
    • 5.4.6.1 Type
    • 5.4.6.2 Product
    • 5.4.6.3 Services
    • 5.4.6.4 Technology
    • 5.4.6.5 Component
    • 5.4.6.6 Application
    • 5.4.6.7 Device
    • 5.4.6.8 Deployment
    • 5.4.6.9 End User
    • 5.4.6.10 Functionality
  • 5.4.7 Rest of APAC
    • 5.4.7.1 Type
    • 5.4.7.2 Product
    • 5.4.7.3 Services
    • 5.4.7.4 Technology
    • 5.4.7.5 Component
    • 5.4.7.6 Application
    • 5.4.7.7 Device
    • 5.4.7.8 Deployment
    • 5.4.7.9 End User
    • 5.4.7.10 Functionality
• 5.5 Europe Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.5.1 Germany
    • 5.5.1.1 Type
    • 5.5.1.2 Product
    • 5.5.1.3 Services
    • 5.5.1.4 Technology
    • 5.5.1.5 Component
    • 5.5.1.6 Application
    • 5.5.1.7 Device
    • 5.5.1.8 Deployment
    • 5.5.1.9 End User
    • 5.5.1.10 Functionality
  • 5.5.2 France
    • 5.5.2.1 Type
    • 5.5.2.2 Product
    • 5.5.2.3 Services
    • 5.5.2.4 Technology
    • 5.5.2.5 Component
    • 5.5.2.6 Application
    • 5.5.2.7 Device
    • 5.5.2.8 Deployment
    • 5.5.2.9 End User
    • 5.5.2.10 Functionality
  • 5.5.3 United Kingdom
    • 5.5.3.1 Type
    • 5.5.3.2 Product
    • 5.5.3.3 Services
    • 5.5.3.4 Technology
    • 5.5.3.5 Component
    • 5.5.3.6 Application
    • 5.5.3.7 Device
    • 5.5.3.8 Deployment
    • 5.5.3.9 End User
    • 5.5.3.10 Functionality
  • 5.5.4 Spain
    • 5.5.4.1 Type
    • 5.5.4.2 Product
    • 5.5.4.3 Services
    • 5.5.4.4 Technology
    • 5.5.4.5 Component
    • 5.5.4.6 Application
    • 5.5.4.7 Device
    • 5.5.4.8 Deployment
    • 5.5.4.9 End User
    • 5.5.4.10 Functionality
  • 5.5.5 Italy
    • 5.5.5.1 Type
    • 5.5.5.2 Product
    • 5.5.5.3 Services
    • 5.5.5.4 Technology
    • 5.5.5.5 Component
    • 5.5.5.6 Application
    • 5.5.5.7 Device
    • 5.5.5.8 Deployment
    • 5.5.5.9 End User
    • 5.5.5.10 Functionality
  • 5.5.6 Rest of Europe
    • 5.5.6.1 Type
    • 5.5.6.2 Product
    • 5.5.6.3 Services
    • 5.5.6.4 Technology
    • 5.5.6.5 Component
    • 5.5.6.6 Application
    • 5.5.6.7 Device
    • 5.5.6.8 Deployment
    • 5.5.6.9 End User
    • 5.5.6.10 Functionality
• 5.6 Middle East & Africa Market Size (2020-2035)
  • 5.6.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 5.6.1.1 Type
    • 5.6.1.2 Product
    • 5.6.1.3 Services
    • 5.6.1.4 Technology
    • 5.6.1.5 Component
    • 5.6.1.6 Application
    • 5.6.1.7 Device
    • 5.6.1.8 Deployment
    • 5.6.1.9 End User
    • 5.6.1.10 Functionality
  • 5.6.2 United Arab Emirates
    • 5.6.2.1 Type
    • 5.6.2.2 Product
    • 5.6.2.3 Services
    • 5.6.2.4 Technology
    • 5.6.2.5 Component
    • 5.6.2.6 Application
    • 5.6.2.7 Device
    • 5.6.2.8 Deployment
    • 5.6.2.9 End User
    • 5.6.2.10 Functionality
  • 5.6.3 South Africa
    • 5.6.3.1 Type
    • 5.6.3.2 Product
    • 5.6.3.3 Services
    • 5.6.3.4 Technology
    • 5.6.3.5 Component
    • 5.6.3.6 Application
    • 5.6.3.7 Device
    • 5.6.3.8 Deployment
    • 5.6.3.9 End User
    • 5.6.3.10 Functionality
  • 5.6.4 Sub-Saharan Africa
    • 5.6.4.1 Type
    • 5.6.4.2 Product
    • 5.6.4.3 Services
    • 5.6.4.4 Technology
    • 5.6.4.5 Component
    • 5.6.4.6 Application
    • 5.6.4.7 Device
    • 5.6.4.8 Deployment
    • 5.6.4.9 End User
    • 5.6.4.10 Functionality
  • 5.6.5 Rest of MEA
    • 5.6.5.1 Type
    • 5.6.5.2 Product
    • 5.6.5.3 Services
    • 5.6.5.4 Technology
    • 5.6.5.5 Component
    • 5.6.5.6 Application
    • 5.6.5.7 Device
    • 5.6.5.8 Deployment
    • 5.6.5.9 End User
    • 5.6.5.10 Functionality

6 Market Strategy

• 6.1 Demand-Supply Gap Analysis
• 6.2 Trade & Logistics Constraints
• 6.3 Price-Cost-Margin Trends
• 6.4 Market Penetration
• 6.5 Consumer Analysis
• 6.6 Regulatory Snapshot

7 Competitive Intelligence

• 7.1 Market Positioning
• 7.2 Market Share
• 7.3 Competition Benchmarking
• 7.4 Top Company Strategies

8 Company Profiles

• 8.1 Sierra Wireless
  • 8.1.1 Overview
  • 8.1.2 Product Summary
  • 8.1.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.1.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.2 Telit Communications
  • 8.2.1 Overview
  • 8.2.2 Product Summary
  • 8.2.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.2.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.3 Quectel Wireless Solutions
  • 8.3.1 Overview
  • 8.3.2 Product Summary
  • 8.3.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.3.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.4 Thales Group
  • 8.4.1 Overview
  • 8.4.2 Product Summary
  • 8.4.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.4.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.5 Sim Com Wireless Solutions
  • 8.5.1 Overview
  • 8.5.2 Product Summary
  • 8.5.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.5.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.6 u-blox
  • 8.6.1 Overview
  • 8.6.2 Product Summary
  • 8.6.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.6.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.7 Fibocom Wireless
  • 8.7.1 Overview
  • 8.7.2 Product Summary
  • 8.7.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.7.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.8 Gemalto
  • 8.8.1 Overview
  • 8.8.2 Product Summary
  • 8.8.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.8.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.9 Cavli Wireless
  • 8.9.1 Overview
  • 8.9.2 Product Summary
  • 8.9.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.9.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.10 Nordic Semiconductor
  • 8.10.1 Overview
  • 8.10.2 Product Summary
  • 8.10.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.10.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.11 Giesecke+ Devrient
  • 8.11.1 Overview
  • 8.11.2 Product Summary
  • 8.11.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.11.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.12 Sequans Communications
  • 8.12.1 Overview
  • 8.12.2 Product Summary
  • 8.12.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.12.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.13 Altair Semiconductor
  • 8.13.1 Overview
  • 8.13.2 Product Summary
  • 8.13.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.13.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.14 Neoway Technology
  • 8.14.1 Overview
  • 8.14.2 Product Summary
  • 8.14.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.14.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.15 Sunsea AIo T Technology
  • 8.15.1 Overview
  • 8.15.2 Product Summary
  • 8.15.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.15.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.16 Commsolid
  • 8.16.1 Overview
  • 8.16.2 Product Summary
  • 8.16.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.16.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.17 Murata Manufacturing
  • 8.17.1 Overview
  • 8.17.2 Product Summary
  • 8.17.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.17.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.18 Ac Si P Technology
  • 8.18.1 Overview
  • 8.18.2 Product Summary
  • 8.18.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.18.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.19 Particle
  • 8.19.1 Overview
  • 8.19.2 Product Summary
  • 8.19.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.19.4 SWOT Analysis
• 8.20 Link Labs
  • 8.20.1 Overview
  • 8.20.2 Product Summary
  • 8.20.3 Financial Performance
  • 8.20.4 SWOT Analysis

9 About Us

• 9.1 About Us
• 9.2 Research Methodology
• 9.3 Research Workflow
• 9.4 Consulting Services
• 9.5 Our Clients
• 9.6 Client Testimonials
• 9.7 Contact Us