플랜트 팩토리 시장 보고서 : 동향, 예측 및 경쟁 분석(-2035년)

Plant Factory Market

The future of the global plant factory market looks promising with opportunities in the greenhouse and indoor farm markets. The global plant factory market is expected to reach an estimated $321 million by 2035 from $170 million in 2027 with a CAGR of 7.5% from 2027 to 2035. The major drivers for this market are the increasing demand for fresh vegetables in urban areas, the rising adoption of smart farming technologies in agriculture, and the growing need for sustainable food production systems.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the crop type category, vegetable will remain a larger segment over the forecast period due to high demand for fresh and healthy vegetable produce
• Within the facility type category, indoor farm will remain a larger segment over the forecast period, due to increasing adoption of controlled farming
• In terms of regions, Europe is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period due to growing sustainable agriculture practices and technology investments

Emerging Trends in Plant Factory Market

The market for plant factories will shift from initial tests towards repeatable, commercial installations by 2025-2027. The cost and availability of energy, shortages of available labor, concerns about food security and demands from food retailers will require plant factory operators to demonstrate an acceptable return on investment, or 'unit economics.' In this environment, Lucintel predicts the plant factory market competition will stem from yield, automation, and localization.

• Sustainability: Due to demands for better measurement and reporting of resource efficiency and the emphasis on sustainability, plant factory operators are designing facilities that will require less electricity and water. By 2025, facilities in high growth regions will use renewable energy sources to power high efficiency lighting, coupled with closed-loop irrigation systems to reduce water use by over 90%.
• Digital Manufacturing: Digital technologies such as sensors, data analytics, climate control, and digital twins are being incorporated into plant factories. Automation is being used to reduce or replace human decisions and improve consistency across multiple plants.
• Automation: Most plant factories rely heavily on labor for planting, harvesting, and transporting crops. The shortage of available labor is spurring the use of increasingly advanced material handling systems in plant factories. In Japan, controlled environments agriculture for 2025 aims for 'lights out' systems and automation in order to reduce labor related costs (20-30% of total costs).
• Functional Products: Plant factory operators are producing higher value crops beyond simply commercially grown lettuce. By 2025, there was a focus on growing high value crops such as specialty greens, premium strawberries and various herbs and berries.
• Regional Supply Chain Diversification: Food companies are providing themselves with more local production capacity to limit the impacts of weather and freight disruptions and to reduce import reliance. It is expected that by the years 2025 to 2027, urban production facilities and modular farms will be constructed close to retail and institutional buyers. An expectation is that this trend will sustain overall demand for distributed production capacities, although power costs are expected to be important locational determinants.

The novelty of plant factories will not drive the market and operators will require certainty of yield, lower energy consumption and more reliable contract offtake. The market leaders will utilize biology and automation of crop production in combination with site selection. Capital will continue to be constrained, but proven models can be expected to scale as food resilience will be an important procurement focus of retailers, institutions and regional distributors in the next decade across the globe.

Recent Developments in the Plant Factory Market

Plant factories will experience concentrated growth between 2025 and 2027. Profitable crop and automation funding will primarily focus on facilities situated near dense consumers. Lucintel predicts moderate but stable growth. Rising costs of electricity and the consistent performance of funded projects will differentiate successful projects from failures.

• Automated Crop Growing Facilities: Oishii - raised $150 million in Series B funding in February 2024. Funding of similar nature is expected between 2025 and 2027. Quality of investments in plant factories is expected to improve with the entrance of funding into facilities providing premium pricing and more consistent yields that are easier to take to market.
• Automation Partnerships: In 2025, a number of major growers installed machine vision, climate control, and robotic harvest systems. These systems, along with others that follow, are expected to harvest more crop with less labor. This is predicted to improve the economic state of the plant factory for the next three to five years by lowering cost per harvested kilogram.
• Placing Facilities Near Urban Areas: Bustanica opened facility in Dubai measuring 330,000 square feet demonstrating the scale necessary to compete. Projects expected to be built between 2025 and 2027 are likely to keep facility locations near airports, grocery stores, and food service facilities to minimize the length of food transport and increase the adoption of local growing of leafy greens.
• Lighting Systems: LED vendors have started to sell fixtures at a control level cost per photon of 3 micromoles or less. Improvements in lighting control are expected to significantly contribute to the cost savings of indoor agriculture and determine if a project is financially viable.
• Government-funded Food Security Programs: Recently, Singapore has focused on its '30-by-30' food security plan, and Gulf states are promoting controlled environment agriculture using land and funding. During 2025-2027, policy support will eliminate first-stage infrastructure risks, encouraging domestic food production in the regions with water scarcity and high levels of import dependence.

The plant factory market is becoming more disciplined and technology-driven. Participants will not only seek to increase growing area, but will have to achieve and demonstrate technological advantages in energy productivity, crop quality, and customer retention. Investing in crops with high added value and automation should be the focus, along with locations with a reliable source of energy. Commercially producing lettuce will be difficult unless producers are able to secure premium contracts or significantly reduce growing costs due to scale and the adoption of advanced technology.

Strategic Growth Opportunities in the Plant Factory Market

While the market for food production in plant factories is still in its early stages, labor shortages, climatic unpredictability, and increased reliance on imports are changing how governments approach procurement. From 2024 to 2026, falling costs on LEDs and automation alongside demand from retail outlets will provide opportunities beyond the production of leafy greens. Lucintel is monitoring this transition.

• Higher Margins: Certain herbs and berries, as well as specialty greens, may have higher margins than conventional lettuce. In February 2025, Spread reported that its Techno Farm facility can grow 30,000 plants each day. In markets where the cost of labor and energy remain high, charging a premium will improve the economics.
• Food Service: Contracts with food service, hospital, and institutional kitchens will create less market volatility and provide greater assurances of meeting specific year round demands. In April 2025, the Singaporean food agency continued to support its goal of 30% local crop production by 2030. This will help create stability in the size and volume of the plant factory market.
• New Regions: Produce grown in plant factories will replace imports for desert and island countries. In January 2025, the indoor farming sector in the UAE had projects with over 100,000 square meters planned capacity.
• Digital Manufacturing: Advances in machine vision and controls will reduce crop losses and allow for more automated control with fewer workers. In March 2025, one of the largest commercial vertical farms announced automated controls for over 100 different environmental parameters. predictions.
• Sustainable Materials: By 2025, suppliers that utilize low-carbon substrates and support recyclable trays and water-recovery technology should expect demand from retailers for data on their supply chain footprint. In May 2025, a European pilot's water savings were reported to exceed 90% compared to field production. Leading suppliers of raw resources will use third-party measured performance to influence purchasing, financing and licensing decisions through 2030.

The first generation of plant factories to achieve positive unit economics will capture early stage financing. This generation will also achieve predictable specifications, local supply, and measured resource performance. Suppliers can bundle finance, software and services with equipment. The most profitable returns can be expected to be the results of the first generation of plant factories located in multiple regions, with varying climates, and used to grow multiple different crops for multiple different client base.

Plant Factory Market Drivers and Challenges

The advancement of technology and changes to the economy and the environment have created new demands and shaped the growth of new markets. The reasons behind the development of the plant factory market are; affordable prices, sustainable practices, location, predictable quality, and optimal utilization of resources. The major hurdles in Plant Factory development are high Capital costs, energy costs and operational costs. Lucintel anticipates that market development will happen as a result of automation, investment, energy sustainability, and regional scalability.

The reasons accelerating the development of the plant factory market in this order of importance are:

• Growing Demand for Local Food: Supply chain disruptions, urbanization, and the increasing preference for fresh food by the consumer have created demand for local food production and distribution. It is predicted that by 2025, over half of the world population will reside in urban areas. Plant factories reduce transportation, increase food freshness, and guarantee a stable supply for urban areas with limited farmland. Volatility in climate, unpredictability in the supply of food, and economic factors that create a high demand will rapidly develop demand for controlled environment farming. Premium pricing, traceability, and a consistently reliable supply will promote controlled environment farming. Production will need to align with regional preferences for food.
• Advances in Automation and Artificial Intelligence: Sensors, robotics, machine vision, and artificial intelligence are improving real-time crop monitoring, productivity, and consistency of operations. In March 2025, commercial greenhouse and vertical farming systems increasingly used multi-parameter systems to monitor over 10 environmental parameters (e.g. light, humidity, CO2, and nutrient levels). These technologies help operators to identify problems earlier, automate harvesting, and optimize recipes for growing different crops. In the next three to five years, software integration will decrease the reliance on specialized labor and allow for multi-location farming. Declining sensor costs, alongside enhanced data analysis, will likely increase crop yield. However, companies will need to enhance their cybersecurity, build reliable networks, and add employees capable of using data to make profitable decisions.
• Resource Efficiency and Sustainability: Plant factories have the potential to consume less resources and emit less pesticides than traditional farming methods, while limiting "food miles." In February 2025, operators of controlled environments reported irrigation systems that recirculated over 90% of the water used. These closed-loop systems will be beneficial to farming in regions with low water availability and to those looking to improve the resilience of their food systems. In the next three to five years, the focus on sustainability reporting, water scarcity, and corporate emissions will create incentives for investment in sustainable farming systems. The real environmental impact will hinge on energy sources, equipment lifecycles, nutrient management, and waste disposal. Facilities using renewable energy will be more likely to show meaningful emissions reductions.
• Advanced Crop Design and Transcend Raw Profit Crops: The industry is developing advanced genetics, formulated nutrients, multilayer cultivation systems, and lighting recipes. In late 2025, research groups studying controlled environment agriculture began to pursue lighting schedule research for over 20 crop varieties with a focus on improving the taste and nutrient density concentration of those crops. The market is currently dominated by leafy greens, but there is rapid potential for cultivating more profitable crops (e.g. specialty herbs, berries, and seedlings) and crops with pharmacological value. In the next three to five years, companies will need to differentiate themselves by first focusing on indoor grown foods. This will allow companies to avoid high field grown agriculture competition. Companies that are successful in this field will offer differentiated biological technologies integrated with attractive product design and packaging, strong retail and food service contracts, and reliable demand forecasting.
• Perpetration of Food Security Infrastructure Leveraging Governmental and Private Funds: Governments and private citizens have begun to view controlled environment agriculture as a key component to drive food security. As of June 2025, there have been national and regional food security programs that have begun to fund urban agriculture, greenhouse modernization, and climate proof food production. These programs often fund greenhouses with more than 1 megawatt of lighting capacity. Over the next three to five years, government and private partnerships will fund food security and concentration efforts near major population centers and transportation networks. Long term success will be achieved only with careful planning of production facilities.

This market faces these challenges:

• Incremental Costs and Volatile Energy Prices: Operating an indoor farming facility requires investment in a number of energy-intensive systems and services, such as lighting, cooling, heating, etc. July 2025 saw high electricity costs in multiple industrial markets that were above their 2021 averages, which put added stress on energy-intensive farming. Strong marginal returns can be eroded by increasing energy costs, especially for low-value crops. Until 2025, operators will have to implement renewable power contracts, demand response technologies plus systems that recover heat and use more efficient LEDs systems. Facilities that fail to secure low-carbon energy sources may abandon their operations through reduction, relocation, and/or a shift to high-value specialty crops that command a price premium.
• High Capital and Financial Risk: The startup cost for a greenhouse is significant and includes costs for construction, equipment, automation, etc. For investors, the risk is heightened by the long lead-time to start projects, uncertain cash flows, and a lack of operating experience. Greenhouse financing is even more difficult, with elevated costs compared to pre-2022 levels. As we look out 3 to 5 years, we'll see consolidation of smaller firms purchased by larger firms with more financial backing. Added to that, stronger firms will engage in redesigns to optimize the use of their facilities.
• Technical Complexity and Crop Economics: Management of plant factories requires consideration for temperature, humidity, light intensity, airflow, nutrients, and sales order fulfillment. In addition, plant factories must contend with disease prevention and labor. If an environmental control failure occurs, it is especially damaging in a plant factory, as the available growing volume is expensive to maintain due to the space constraint and the plants' low tolerance for disturbance.

For the next three to five years, operators will likely see a decrease in loss due to environmental failures, as the industry will likely see improvements in standardization, digital twins, and crop management software. However, biological variation will remain an issue. Considering all of these, operators need to choose to grow crops where demand is high enough for controlled-environment production rather than focusing on increasing yield.

Plant factories have many potential benefits across the supply chain including growing crops in a controlled environment, ensuring resource efficiency and quality, and producing crops that are resilient to external factors. That said, the costs of production and the lack of evidence for profitable crop economics will limit the proliferation of plant factories. There will be selective growth in the industry over the next three to five years, and the growth will favor producing high quality, premium products rather than mass production. Additional production will also be concentrated in locations that have advanced and efficient plant factories, and the industry will also favor supporting customer contracts. Value will be strongly correlated to remaining financially disciplined and profitable. Ultimately the success of the industry will be determined by business models that are scalable and consistently profitable.

List of Plant Factory Market Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. Through these strategies plant factory market companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the plant factory market companies profiled in this report include-

• AeroFarms
• Gotham Greens
• BOWERY FARMING INC.
• Oishii
• Plenty Unlimited Inc

Plant Factory Market by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global plant factory market by crop type, light type, facility type, growing system, and region.

Plant Factory Market by Crop Type [Value ($M) from 2019 to 2035]:

• Vegetables
• Fruits
• Flowers & Ornamentals
• Others

Plant Factory Market by Light Type [Value ($M) from 2019 to 2035]:

• Sunlight
• Full Artificial Light

Plant Factory Market by Facility Type [Value ($M) from 2019 to 2035]:

• Greenhouses
• Indoor Farms
• Others

Plant Factory Market by Growing System [Value ($M) from 2019 to 2035]:

• Soil Based
• Non-Soil Based
• Hybrid

Plant Factory Market by Region [Value ($M) from 2019 to 2035]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Plant Factory Market

Lucintel expects significant market growth in the coming years due to increased government funding and private enterprise partnerships focused on controlled-environment agriculture. According to Lucintel's report, this funding will be primarily focused on public-private partnerships between 2025 and 2027.

• United States: High value crop commercial investment centers on regional supply. The recent construction of larger automated strawberry farms, exemplified by Oishii's 100,000 square foot facility in New Jersey in 2024, and the sale of Plenty's assets in 2025, signal large-scale capital investment. Operator scalability and capital efficiency will separate market leaders from experimental ventures in the next 3-5 years.
• China: Modernization of agriculture through industrialization is exemplified by Sanan Bio's reportedly 40,000 square meter facility, built in Hefei in 2025. Integrated LED, nutrient, and seed technologies will further domestic equipment production, progress policy, and create infrastructure that lowers the cost of standardized deployment.
• Germany: With Infarm's 2023 filing for insolvency, and ECF Farmsystems' continued sale of modular aquaponic systems across Europe in 2025, the remaining operating companies will likely prioritize local manufacturing and partnerships with established suppliers.
• India: The Ministry of Agriculture is focusing more of its schemes on protected cultivation, horticultural infrastructure, and technology-based farming. In April 2025, the government gave more area to the National Horticulture Board's protected cultivation scheme. The government has fixed the subsidy amount at ₹4,000 per meter square, meaning it will be easier to entice farmers to take up protected cultivation.
• Japan: Labors savings technology is the new trend in agriculture, especially in Japan. There are several automated systems large enough to grow crops. Spread Co. and Panasonic's controlled environment agriculture technologies were installed in 20 plant factories in Japan and other growing facilities around the world, respectively. These installations show that food distribution channels (e.g., retailers, food services) will be interested in more automation, traceability, and growing crops year-round.

Features of the Global Plant Factory Market

• Market Size Estimates: plant factory market size estimation in terms of value ($M).
• Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2026) and forecast (2027 to 2035) by various segments and regions.
• Segmentation Analysis: plant factory market size by various segments, such as by crop type, light type, facility type, growing system, and region in terms of value ($M).
• Regional Analysis: plant factory market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.
• Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different crop types, light types, facility types, growing systems, and regions for the plant factory market.
• Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the plant factory market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

If you are looking to expand your business in this or adjacent markets, then contact us. We have done hundreds of strategic consulting projects in market entry, opportunity screening, due diligence, supply chain analysis, M & A, and more.

This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the plant factory market by crop type (vegetables, fruits, flowers & ornamentals, and others), light type (sunlight and full artificial light), facility type (greenhouses, indoor farms, and others), growing system (soil based, non-soil based, and hybrid), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Overview

• 2.1 Background and Classifications
• 2.2 Supply Chain

3. Market Trends & Forecast Analysis

• 3.1 Macroeconomic Trends and Forecasts
• 3.2 Industry Drivers and Challenges
• 3.3 PESTLE Analysis
• 3.4 Patent Analysis
• 3.5 Regulatory Environment

4. Global Plant Factory Market by Crop Type

• 4.1 Overview
• 4.2 Attractiveness Analysis by Crop Type
• 4.3 Vegetables : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)
• 4.4 Fruits : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)
• 4.5 Flowers & Ornamentals : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)
• 4.6 Others : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)

5. Global Plant Factory Market by Light Type

• 5.1 Overview
• 5.2 Attractiveness Analysis by Light Type
• 5.3 Sunlight : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)
• 5.4 Full Artificial Light : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)

6. Global Plant Factory Market by Facility Type

• 6.1 Overview
• 6.2 Attractiveness Analysis by Facility Type
• 6.3 Greenhouses : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)
• 6.4 Indoor Farms : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)
• 6.5 Others : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)

7. Global Plant Factory Market by Growing System

• 7.1 Overview
• 7.2 Attractiveness Analysis by Growing System
• 7.3 Soil Based : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)
• 7.4 Non-Soil Based : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)
• 7.5 Hybrid : Trends and Forecast (2019 to 2035)

8. Regional Analysis

• 8.1 Overview
• 8.2 Global Plant Factory Market by Region

9. North American Plant Factory Market

• 9.1 Overview
• 9.2 North American Plant Factory Market by Crop Type
• 9.3 North American Plant Factory Market by Facility Type
• 9.4 The United States Plant Factory Market
• 9.5 Canadian Plant Factory Market
• 9.6 Mexican Plant Factory Market

10. European Plant Factory Market

• 10.1 Overview
• 10.2 European Plant Factory Market by Crop Type
• 10.3 European Plant Factory Market by Facility Type
• 10.4 German Plant Factory Market
• 10.5 French Plant Factory Market
• 10.6 Italian Plant Factory Market
• 10.7 Spanish Plant Factory Market
• 10.8 The United Kingdom Plant Factory Market

11. APAC Plant Factory Market

• 11.1 Overview
• 11.2 APAC Plant Factory Market by Crop Type
• 11.3 APAC Plant Factory Market by Facility Type
• 11.4 Chinese Plant Factory Market
• 11.5 Indian Plant Factory Market
• 11.6 Japanese Plant Factory Market
• 11.7 South Korean Plant Factory Market
• 11.8 Indonesian Plant Factory Market

12. ROW Plant Factory Market

• 12.1 Overview
• 12.2 ROW Plant Factory Market by Crop Type
• 12.3 ROW Plant Factory Market by Facility Type
• 12.4 Middle Eastern Plant Factory Market
• 12.5 South American Plant Factory Market
• 12.6 African Plant Factory Market

13. Competitor Analysis

• 13.1 Product Portfolio Analysis
• 13.2 Operational Integration
• 13.3 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • Competitive Rivalry
  • Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • Threat of Substitutes
  • Threat of New Entrants
• 13.4 Market Share Analysis

14. Opportunities & Strategic Analysis

• 14.1 Value Chain Analysis
• 14.2 Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 14.2.1 Growth Opportunity by Crop Type
  • 14.2.2 Growth Opportunity by Light Type
  • 14.2.3 Growth Opportunity by Facility Type
  • 14.2.4 Growth Opportunity by Growing System
  • 14.2.5 Growth Opportunity by Region
• 14.3 Emerging Trends in the Global Plant Factory Market
• 14.4 Strategic Analysis
  • 14.4.1 New Product Development
  • 14.4.2 Certification and Licensing
  • 14.4.3 Mergers, Acquisitions, Agreements, Collaborations, and Joint Ventures

15. Company Profiles of the Leading Players Across the Value Chain

• 15.1 Competitive Analysis Overview
• 15.2 AeroFarms
  • Company Overview
  • Plant Factory Market Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 15.3 Gotham Greens
  • Company Overview
  • Plant Factory Market Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 15.4 BOWERY FARMING INC.
  • Company Overview
  • Plant Factory Market Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 15.5 Oishii
  • Company Overview
  • Plant Factory Market Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 15.6 Plenty Unlimited Inc
  • Company Overview
  • Plant Factory Market Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing

16. Appendix

• 16.1 List of Figures
• 16.2 List of Tables
• 16.3 Research Methodology
• 16.4 Disclaimer
• 16.5 Copyright
• 16.6 Abbreviations and Technical Units
• 16.7 About Us
• 16.8 Contact Us