세계의 소화기 관련 제품 시장 : 디바이스별, 질환별, 최종 사용자별 예측(-2029년)

The global Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal Products Market is projected to reach USD 19.7 billion by 2029 from USD 14.7 billion in 2024, at a CAGR of 6.1% from 2024 to 2029. The market for gastroenterology and gastrointestinal products is driven by several factors, such as the growing incidence of GI disorders, improvements in technology, aging populations, rising healthcare costs, increased awareness and screening initiatives, rising R&D spending, the need for personalized medicine, and economic expansion in emerging markets. The GI product industry is dynamic and ever-evolving due to the combined influence of these drivers.

"The endoscopy segment from the devices segment accounted for the largest share during the forecast period."

The Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal product market is divided into Endoscopy, Ablations systems, Motility testing, Stenting devices, Ph monitoring, and other devices. The endoscopy segment accounted for the largest share during the forecast period. Endoscopic techniques enable the removal of polyps, tissue biopsies, stent implantation, and tumor ablation, among other therapeutic and diagnostic treatments. These developments support endoscopy's increasing use for a range of gastrointestinal disorders.

"The GERD segment in the diseases segment accounted for the largest share during the forecast period.."

The increasing prevalence of GERD, driven by lifestyle factors, obesity, aging populations, and enhanced diagnostic and treatment options, is significantly boosting the share of the gastroenterology market. As awareness grows and technological advancements continue, the demand for gastroenterological products and services is expected to rise, further driving market growth. As the global population ages, the incidence of GERD increases. Older adults are more susceptible to GERD due to changes in esophageal motility and the function of the lower esophageal sphincter.

"APAC is estimated to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period."

The Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal Products Market is divided into Five regions- North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East and Africa. The Asia Pacific is witnessed to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period.. Many APAC countries, including Japan, South Korea, and China, are witnessing demographic shifts as their populations age. Older persons have a higher prevalence of diseases like GERD and complex healthcare needs.

Breakdown of supply-side primary interviews, by company type, designation, and region:

• By Company Type: Tier 1 (20%), Tier 2 (45%), and Tier 3 (35%)
• By Designation: C-level (30%), Director-level (20%), and Others (50%)
• By Region: North America (35%), Europe (24%), Asia Pacific (25%), RoW(16%)

List of Companies Profiled in the Report

• BOSTON SCIENTIFIC (U.S)
• MEDTRONIC (U.S)
• OLYMPUS CORPORATION (JAPAN)
• STRYKER (U.S.)
• GLOBUS MEDICAL (U.S.)
• COOK MEDICAL (US)
• ETHICON (SUBSIDIARY OF J&J)
• FUJIFILM (JAPAN)
• CONMED CORPORATION (US)
• KARL STORZ (GERMANY)

Research Coverage

This report studies the Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal Products Market based on devices, diseases, end-users and region. The report also analyses factors (such as drivers, restraints, opportunities and challenges) affecting market growth. It evaluates the opportunities and challenges in the market for stakeholders and provides details of the competitive landscape for market leaders. The report also studies micro markets concerning their growth trends, prospects, and contributions to the total Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal Products Market. The report forecasts the revenue of the market segments to five major regions.

Reasons to Buy the Report

This report also includes.

• Analysis of key drivers (increasing GI diseases, technological advancements) , restraints (Cost of the system), challenges(regulatory policies), and opportunities (Increase in the minimally invasive procedures) contributing to the growth of the Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal Products Market.
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming trends, research & development activities, in the Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal Products Market.
• Market Development: Comprehensive information on the lucrative emerging markets by devices, diseases, end-users and region.
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about the growing geographies, recent developments, and investments in the Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal Products Market.
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, product offerings, company evaluation quadrant, and capabilities of leading players in the global Gastroenterology/Gastrointestinal Products Market..

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
• 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
  • 1.2.1 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS
• 1.3 MARKET SCOPE
  • 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED
  • 1.3.2 YEARS CONSIDERED
  • 1.3.3 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
• 1.4 STAKEHOLDERS
• 1.5 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
  • 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
    • 2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources
  • 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
    • 2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources
    • 2.1.2.2 Key industry insights
• 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
• 2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN & DATA TRIANGULATION
• 2.4 MARKET RANKING ANALYSIS
• 2.5 STUDY ASSUMPTIONS
• 2.6 RISK ASSESSMENT
• 2.7 LIMITATIONS
  • 2.7.1 METHODOLOGY-RELATED LIMITATIONS

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS

• 4.1 GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS MARKET OVERVIEW
• 4.2 ASIA PACIFIC: GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS MARKET, BY DEVICE AND REGION (2023)
• 4.3 GEOGRAPHIC SNAPSHOT OF GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS MARKET

5 MARKET OVERVIEW

• 5.1 INTRODUCTION
• 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
  • 5.2.1 DRIVERS
    • 5.2.1.1 Rising prevalence of GI disorders
    • 5.2.1.2 Technological advancements in gastroenterology products
    • 5.2.1.3 Growing aging population
  • 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
    • 5.2.2.1 Stringent regulatory policies for GI products
    • 5.2.2.2 Increasing healthcare costs
    • 5.2.2.3 Unfavorable healthcare reforms in US
  • 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
    • 5.2.3.1 Increasing preference for minimally invasive surgery
  • 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
    • 5.2.4.1 Changing regulatory landscape
    • 5.2.4.2 Shortage of trained physicians and endoscopists
• 5.3 INDUSTRY TRENDS
• 5.4 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
  • 5.4.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.4.1.1 Capsule endoscopy
  • 5.4.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.4.2.1 Laboratory testing
  • 5.4.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.4.3.1 Robotic surgery systems
• 5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
• 5.6 PORTER'S FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS
  • 5.6.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
  • 5.6.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
  • 5.6.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
  • 5.6.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
  • 5.6.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
• 5.7 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
  • 5.7.1 REGULATORY ANALYSIS
    • 5.7.1.1 North America
      • 5.7.1.1.1 US
      • 5.7.1.1.2 Canada
    • 5.7.1.2 Europe
    • 5.7.1.3 Asia Pacific
      • 5.7.1.3.1 Japan
      • 5.7.1.3.2 China
  • 5.7.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
• 5.8 PATENT ANALYSIS
  • 5.8.1 PATENT PUBLICATION TRENDS FOR GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS
  • 5.8.2 INSIGHTS: JURISDICTION AND TOP APPLICANT ANALYSIS
• 5.9 TRADE ANALYSIS
  • 5.9.1 HS CODES: GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL INSTRUMENTS
  • 5.9.2 IMPORT DATA
  • 5.9.3 EXPORT DATA
• 5.10 PRICING ANALYSIS
• 5.11 REIMBURSEMENT ANALYSIS
• 5.12 KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS, 2024-2025
• 5.13 KEY STAKEHOLDERS & BUYING CRITERIA
  • 5.13.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
  • 5.13.2 BUYING CRITERIA
• 5.14 UNMET NEEDS ANALYSIS
• 5.15 END-USER EXPECTATIONS
• 5.16 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
• 5.17 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
• 5.18 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
• 5.19 INVESTMENT & FUNDING SCENARIO
• 5.20 IMPACT OF GEN AI/AI ON GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS MARKET

6 GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS MARKET, BY DEVICE

• 6.1 INTRODUCTION
• 6.2 ENDOSCOPY DEVICES
  • 6.2.1 FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPES
    • 6.2.1.1 Advantages such as flexibility and ease of use to drive demand for flexible endoscopes
  • 6.2.2 RIGID ENDOSCOPES
    • 6.2.2.1 Ability of rigid endoscopes to provide vertical-axis images of internal organs to support market growth
  • 6.2.3 CAPSULE ENDOSCOPES
    • 6.2.3.1 Non-invasive nature of capsule endoscopes to drive adoption
  • 6.2.4 OTHER ENDOSCOPY DEVICES
• 6.3 ABLATION DEVICES
  • 6.3.1 RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION DEVICES
    • 6.3.1.1 Low cost of radiofrequency ablation to contribute to market growth
  • 6.3.2 MICROWAVE ABLATION DEVICES
    • 6.3.2.1 Advantages over RF ablation to ensure sustained demand for microwave ablation devices
  • 6.3.3 CRYOABLATION DEVICES
    • 6.3.3.1 Increasing cancer incidence to drive market for cryoablation devices
  • 6.3.4 LASER ABLATION DEVICES
    • 6.3.4.1 High efficacy and safety to drive adoption of laser/light ablation devices
  • 6.3.5 OTHER ABLATION DEVICES
• 6.4 MOTILITY TESTING DEVICES
  • 6.4.1 ESOPHAGEAL MANOMETRY DEVICES
    • 6.4.1.1 Rising incidence of esophageal motility disorders to boost market growth
  • 6.4.2 4-HOUR PH IMPEDANCE TESTING DEVICES
    • 6.4.2.1 Ability to provide data useful for tailoring individualized treatment plans to favor market growth
  • 6.4.3 ANORECTAL MANOMETRY DEVICES
    • 6.4.3.1 Growing popularity of anorectal manometry devices for diagnosis of gastrointestinal problems to support market growth
  • 6.4.4 OTHER MOTILITY TESTING DEVICES
• 6.5 BIOPSY DEVICES
  • 6.5.1 NEEDLE BIOPSY DEVICES
    • 6.5.1.1 Increasing screening of gastrointestinal diseases to aid growth
  • 6.5.2 OTHER BIOPSY DEVICES
• 6.6 STENTING DEVICES
  • 6.6.1 BILIARY STENTS
    • 6.6.1.1 Increasing prevalence of bile duct cancer and chronic liver disease to drive growth
  • 6.6.2 COLONIC STENTS
    • 6.6.2.1 Rising demand for colonic stents due to high incidence of colorectal cancer to drive segmental growth
  • 6.6.3 DUODENAL STENTS
    • 6.6.3.1 Increasing prevalence of intestinal malignancy to boost adoption of duodenal stents
  • 6.6.4 PANCREATIC STENTS
    • 6.6.4.1 Rising number of ERCP and PTC procedures to drive market growth
  • 6.6.5 ESOPHAGEAL STENTS
    • 6.6.5.1 Increasing incidence of esophageal cancer to propel market growth
• 6.7 PH MONITORING DEVICES
  • 6.7.1 ESOPHAGEAL PH MONITORING CATHETERS
    • 6.7.1.1 Growing sedentary lifestyles to drive demand
  • 6.7.2 WIRELESS PH MONITORING CAPSULES
    • 6.7.2.1 Reduced risk of open surgeries to boost market
  • 6.7.3 AMBULATORY PH MONITORING SYSTEMS
    • 6.7.3.1 Convenience and accuracy of ambulatory pH monitoring to drive market
• 6.8 OTHER GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL DEVICES
  • 6.8.1 GASTRIC BALLOONS
    • 6.8.1.1 Minimally invasive nature of gastric balloons to boost adoption
  • 6.8.2 GASTROINTESTINAL TUBES
    • 6.8.2.1 Rising incidence of diseases to drive need for gastrointestinal tubes
  • 6.8.3 HEMORRHOID TREATMENT DEVICES
    • 6.8.3.1 Rising cases of hemorrhoids to support market growth

7 GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS MARKET, BY DISEASE

• 7.1 INTRODUCTION
• 7.2 GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS
  • 7.2.1 CHANGING DIETS AND GROWING PREVALENCE OF OBESITY TO BOOST MARKET GROWTH
• 7.3 GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
  • 7.3.1 GROWING INCIDENCE OF GERD TO DRIVE MARKET GROWTH
• 7.4 IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS)
  • 7.4.1 GROWING IBS DISEASE BURDEN TO DRIVE DEMAND FOR GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS
• 7.5 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)
  • 7.5.1 GROWING USE OF CAPSULE ENDOSCOPES IN TREATING IBD TO FAVOR MARKET GROWTH
• 7.6 OTHER DISEASES

8 GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS MARKET, BY END USER

• 8.1 INTRODUCTION
• 8.2 HOSPITALS
  • 8.2.1 HIGH VOLUME OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES TO DRIVE DEMAND FOR GASTROINTESTINAL PROCEDURES IN HOSPITALS
• 8.3 AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS & INDEPENDENT SURGICAL CENTERS
  • 8.3.1 LOWER COSTS AND SHORTER PATIENT STAYS TO DRIVE MARKET GROWTH
• 8.4 CLINICS
  • 8.4.1 GROWING NEED FOR CLINICAL SCREENING TO DIAGNOSE GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES TO BOOST MARKET
• 8.5 OTHER END USERS

9 GASTROENTEROLOGY/GASTROINTESTINAL PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION

• 9.1 INTRODUCTION
• 9.2 NORTH AMERICA
  • 9.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR NORTH AMERICA
  • 9.2.2 US
    • 9.2.2.1 US to dominate North American market during forecast period
  • 9.2.3 CANADA
    • 9.2.3.1 Increased availability of funding and presence of research institutes to propel market
• 9.3 EUROPE
  • 9.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR EUROPE
  • 9.3.2 GERMANY
    • 9.3.2.1 Favorable reimbursement scenario and increased geriatric population to aid market growth
  • 9.3.3 UK
    • 9.3.3.1 Rising investments by hospitals in new and advanced gastroenterology/gastrointestinal products to augment market growth
  • 9.3.4 FRANCE
    • 9.3.4.1 Increase in health expenditure and high prevalence of cancer to stimulate market growth
  • 9.3.5 ITALY
    • 9.3.5.1 High per capita income and improved healthcare system to drive market
  • 9.3.6 SPAIN
    • 9.3.6.1 Growing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases to boost market growth
  • 9.3.7 REST OF EUROPE
• 9.4 ASIA PACIFIC
  • 9.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ASIA PACIFIC
  • 9.4.2 JAPAN
    • 9.4.2.1 Favorable medical device reimbursement policies and public health insurance schemes to aid market growth
  • 9.4.3 CHINA
    • 9.4.3.1 Increasing geriatric population and increase in domestic manufacturers for gastrointestinal products to support growth
  • 9.4.4 INDIA
    • 9.4.4.1 Increasing incidence of diseases like diabetes to enhance market growth
  • 9.4.5 AUSTRALIA
    • 9.4.5.1 High incidence of cancer to propel market growth
  • 9.4.6 SOUTH KOREA
    • 9.4.6.1 Rapidly aging population and high incidence of gastrointestinal diseases to aid market growth
  • 9.4.7 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
• 9.5 LATIN AMERICA
  • 9.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR LATIN AMERICA
  • 9.5.2 BRAZIL
    • 9.5.2.1 Increase in private healthcare investments and rise in medical tourism to aid market growth
  • 9.5.3 MEXICO
    • 9.5.3.1 Increased government investment in healthcare infrastructure and technological advancements to aid market growth
  • 9.5.4 REST OF LATIN AMERICA
• 9.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
  • 9.6.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
  • 9.6.2 GCC COUNTRIES
    • 9.6.2.1 Increasing investment in healthcare infrastructure and growing medical tourism to propel market growth
  • 9.6.3 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

• 10.1 OVERVIEW
• 10.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGY/RIGHT TO WIN
• 10.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2021-2023
• 10.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023
• 10.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
  • 10.5.1 STARS
  • 10.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS
  • 10.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
  • 10.5.4 PARTICIPANTS
  • 10.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
    • 10.5.5.1 Company footprint
    • 10.5.5.2 Disease footprint
    • 10.5.5.3 End-user footprint
    • 10.5.5.4 Region footprint
• 10.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: START-UPS/SMES, 2023
  • 10.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
  • 10.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
  • 10.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
  • 10.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS
  • 10.6.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: START-UPS/SMES, 2023
• 10.7 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
  • 10.7.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES & APPROVALS
  • 10.7.2 DEALS
  • 10.7.3 EXPANSIONS
• 10.8 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
• 10.9 COMPANY VALUATION & FINANCIAL METRICS
  • 10.9.1 FINANCIAL METRICS
  • 10.9.2 COMPANY VALUATION

11 COMPANY PROFILES

• 11.1 KEY PLAYERS
  • 11.1.1 OLYMPUS CORPORATION
    • 11.1.1.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.1.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.1.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.1.3.1 Product launches & approvals
      • 11.1.1.3.2 Deals
      • 11.1.1.3.3 Expansions
    • 11.1.1.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.1.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.2 BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
    • 11.1.2.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.2.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.2.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.2.3.1 Product launches & approvals
      • 11.1.2.3.2 Deals
    • 11.1.2.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.2.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.3 MEDTRONIC PLC
    • 11.1.3.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.3.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.3.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.3.3.1 Product approvals
      • 11.1.3.3.2 Deals
    • 11.1.3.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.3.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.4 STRYKER CORPORATION
    • 11.1.4.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.4.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.4.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.4.3.1 Product approvals
      • 11.1.4.3.2 Deals
      • 11.1.4.3.3 Expansions
    • 11.1.4.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.4.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.5 COOK MEDICAL
    • 11.1.5.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.5.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.5.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.5.3.1 Product launches & approvals
      • 11.1.5.3.2 Deals
    • 11.1.5.4 MnM view
      • 11.1.5.4.1 Right to win
      • 11.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 11.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 11.1.6 FUJIFILM CORPORATION
    • 11.1.6.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.6.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.6.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.6.3.1 Product launches & approvals
      • 11.1.6.3.2 Other developments
  • 11.1.7 CONMED CORPORATION
    • 11.1.7.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.7.2 Products offered
  • 11.1.8 ETHICON (A JOHNSON & JOHNSON SUBSIDIARY)
    • 11.1.8.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.8.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.8.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.8.3.1 Product launches & approvals
  • 11.1.9 MERIT MEDICAL SYSTEMS
    • 11.1.9.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.9.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.9.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.9.3.1 Product launches
  • 11.1.10 STERIS PLC
    • 11.1.10.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.10.2 Products offered
  • 11.1.11 KARL STORZ SE & CO. KG
    • 11.1.11.1 Business overview
    • 11.1.11.2 Products offered
    • 11.1.11.3 Recent developments
      • 11.1.11.3.1 Deals
• 11.2 OTHER PLAYERS
  • 11.2.1 SHAILI ENDOSCOPY
  • 11.2.2 TAEWOONG MEDICAL CO., LTD.
  • 11.2.3 HOBBS MEDICAL, INC.
  • 11.2.4 PENTAX MEDICAL
  • 11.2.5 ERBE ELEKTROMEDIZIN
  • 11.2.6 AMBU A/S
  • 11.2.7 CAPSOVISION, INC.
  • 11.2.8 INTROMEDIC, INC.
  • 11.2.9 VIMEX ENDOSCOPY
  • 11.2.10 TRIVITRON HEALTHCARE
  • 11.2.11 MEDI-GLOBE CORPORATION
  • 11.2.12 SONOSCAPE MEDICAL CORP.
  • 11.2.13 SHENZHEN MINDRAY BIO-MEDICAL ELECTRONICS CO. LTD.
  • 11.2.14 MEDSPIRA

12 APPENDIX

• 12.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
• 12.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
• 12.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
• 12.4 RELATED REPORTS
• 12.5 AUTHOR DETAILS