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시장보고서
상품코드
2129078
중국의 충전 인프라(슈퍼차징, 배터리 스와핑, V2G 등) 및 고성능 슈퍼차징 배터리 조사 보고서(2026년)China Charging Infrastructure (Supercharging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Supercharging Battery Research Report, 2026 |
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충전 및 배터리 스와핑 관련 조사 : 5C+ 급속 충전 지원 차종의 양산이 시작됨에 따라, 자동차 제조업체들의 자체 급속 충전 네트워크 구축 속도가 가속화되고 있습니다.
800-1000V 고전압 플랫폼이 완전히 보급되며, 5C 슈퍼차징 지원 차종이 양산됩니다.
2026년에는 800-1,000V 고전압 플랫폼이 완전히 보급되어, 고속 충전(5C 이상)이 주요 OEM 업체들의 경쟁 핵심이 될 것입니다. 각 브랜드는 배터리 기술, 충전 속도, 충전 네트워크 분야에서 치밀한 전략을 전개하고 있습니다. 고출력 급속 충전(5C 이상)은 주요 자동차 제조업체 간의 경쟁 초점이 되고 있습니다. 동시에 800V 고전압 플랫폼은 주류 패밀리카(15만-20만 위안) 시장에도 보급되고 있습니다.
BYD : 이 회사는 급속 충전 분야에서 광범위한 사업을 전개하고 있습니다. 하이엔드 브랜드 ‘Yangwang’의 모델인 U9는 6C의 충전 속도를 실현하고 있습니다. ‘Denza’ 브랜드 차량(Denza N7, D9DM 등)은 3C를 자랑하며, ‘Song LEV’나 ‘Han EV’와 같은 주류 모델은 2C를 제공합니다. 또한, BYD가 새롭게 발표한 2세대 블레이드 배터리와 플래시 충전 기술을 통해 실온 조건에서 10%에서 70%까지 단 5분, 10%에서 97%까지 단 9분이라는 극히 빠른 충전을 실현하고 있습니다. BYD는 800V 플래시 충전 기술을 수십만 위안급 차종(Song Ultra EV, Sea Lion 06 EV 등)으로도 확대되고 있습니다.
Li Auto : 5C 슈퍼 충전을 탑재한 대표적인 차종인 ‘Li MEGA’에는 5C ‘Qilin’ 배터리가 적용되어 12분 만에 500킬로미터의 주행 거리를 확보할 수 있습니다. 차세대 모델 ‘Li L6’도 5C 슈퍼 차징을 지원하며, 20%에서 80%까지 단 12분 만에 충전할 수 있습니다.
Xiaomi Auto : Xiaomi SU7 Ultra(2025년)는 5.2C 급속 충전을 지원하며, 10%에서 80%까지 충전하는 데 불과 약 12분밖에 걸리지 않습니다. 최대 출력은 400kW를 초과하며, 15분 충전으로 약 620킬로미터의 주행 거리를 확보할 수 있습니다.
XPeng : 대표적인 차종인 XPeng GX는 5C 슈퍼 차징을 통해 10%에서 80%까지 단 11.7분 만에 충전을 완료할 수 있습니다.
ZEEKR(지리) : ZEEKR 007은 5.5C 고출력 급속 충전을 지원하며, 약 10분 만에 충전을 완료할 수 있습니다. ZEEKR 8X는 6C 배터리를 탑재하여 20%에서 80%까지 충전하는 데 불과 9분이 소요됩니다. 신형 ZEEKR 001에는 최초로 ‘신성 배터리’의 5C 버전이 탑재되었습니다.
차량의 슈퍼 차징을 실현하기 위해서는 고전압 자동차 아키텍처와 600kW 이상의 출력을 갖춘 슈퍼 차징 스테이션이 필요합니다. 자동차 제조업체는 고전압 아키텍처를 갖춘 차종이나 급속 충전소(BYD의 싱글 건 방식 1500kW 플래시 충전소 등)를 개발할 뿐만 아니라, 충전소 기업 및 전력망과 연계하여 ‘축전·충전의 통합’을 특징으로 하는 마이크로그리드/V2mG 구축을 추진하여, 고출력 충전이 전력망에 미치는 순간적인 영향에 대처해야 합니다.
- 주요 OEM : 대규모 급속 충전 네트워크 구축 및 초고속 충전 경험에 주력
고출력 급속 충전 배터리 기술의 보급에 따라, 자동차 제조업체의 급속 충전소 건설은 단독 노력에서 생태계 공동 구축이라는 새로운 단계로 전환되고 있습니다. 주류 급속 충전소 솔루션/구성을 바탕으로, 자동차 제조업체의 충전 네트워크 구축에는 주로 다음 4가지 형태가 있습니다.
1. 자동차 제조업체(ZEEKR, Li Auto, XPeng, Tesla)가 독자적인 슈퍼차징 네트워크를 개발·운영하는 것;
2. 화웨이가 사업자나 OEM에 슈퍼차징 시스템 솔루션을 판매하는 방식(전국에 자사 운영 충전소를 건설할 필요 없음);
3. NIO는 배터리 스왑과 슈퍼차징을 결합한 방식을 채택하고 있습니다.
4. BYD는 메가와트급 슈퍼차징 기술과 최첨단 에너지 저장 기술을 자랑합니다.
2026년 6월 말 기준, 국내 주요 OEM 각사의 자체 운영 슈퍼차징 스테이션 수는 다음과 같습니다.
BYD의 급속 충전소 : 7,018곳. 2026년, BYD의 급속 충전소 건설 계획은 주로 ‘Flash Charging China’ 전략에 기반을 두고 있으며, 연말까지 20,000곳의 충전소를 건설하는 것을 핵심 목표로 삼고 있습니다.
Li Auto의 슈퍼차징 스테이션: 4,092곳
XPeng의 급속 충전소 : 2,650곳
Tesla China의 슈퍼차저 : 2,600곳
NIO의 슈퍼차징 스테이션(배터리 교환 스테이션 제외) : 1,765곳. 2026년에 발표된 NIO의 계획 및 최신 건설 진행 상황은 ‘충전·배터리 교환 네트워크의 종합적인 확대’와 ‘5세대 배터리 교환 스테이션 업그레이드’에 중점을 두고 있습니다.
ZEEKR 직영 슈퍼차징 스테이션 : 1,236곳
Huawei Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance(HIMA)의 슈퍼차저 : 1,200
GAC Aion의 슈퍼차징 스테이션 : 1,205곳. 2026년, GAC는 충전소를 10,000기 증설한다는 목표를 향해 전진하며, OEM이 독자적으로 구축한 슈퍼차징 네트워크에서의 주도적 위치를 더욱 공고히 할 예정입니다.
Voyah의 슈퍼차징 스테이션 : 104곳(당초 계획은 200곳). 당초의 야심 찬 계획에 따르면 2026년까지 1,000곳을 건설할 예정이었습니다.
Chery의 ‘Volt-dragon Charger’ : 2026년 3월에 출시되었습니다. 현재 Chery의 ‘Volt-dragon Charger’는 네트워크 구축 측면에서 아직 초기 단계에 있습니다. 2026년의 핵심 과제는 10개 도시에서 1차 단계로 100곳의 V2G 실증 스테이션 건설과 비즈니스 모델 검증을 완료하는 것이며, 2만 곳의 스테이션 건설이라는 야심 찬 목표는 2029년까지 단계적으로 달성될 전망입니다.
예를 들어, BYD는 ‘플래그십 스테이션 + 위성 스테이션 + 커뮤니티 스테이션’이라는 3계층 네트워크 아키텍처를 채택하여, 차량·충전소·축전 설비·네트워크의 긴밀한 연계를 통해 메가와트급 플래시 충전소의 대규모 확장을 도모하고, 전국 규모로 전력 계통에 부담을 주지 않는 초고속 충전 네트워크 구축을 가속화할 계획입니다. 2025년부터 2026년에 걸쳐 BYD의 메가와트급 플래시 충전소는 1세대 및 2세대 제품에서 획기적인 발전을 이루었습니다.
1MW(1000kW) 플래시 충전기 1.0(2025년) : 총 출력은 1360kW, 충전 건당 피크 출력은 1000kW, 충전 건당 전류는 1000A입니다. 5분간 충전으로 약 400킬로미터의 주행 거리를 확보할 수 있습니다. 최대 출력 시 차량 1대만 충전 가능하며, 차량 2대를 동시에 충전할 경우 전력 분배로 인해 출력이 크게 저하됩니다.
2100kW 플래시 충전기 2.0(2026년) : 정격 최대 출력은 2100kW(2.1 MW), 1기당 피크 출력은 1500kW입니다. 5분간 충전으로 약 480-500킬로미터의 주행 거리를 확보할 수 있습니다. 10%에서 97%까지 충전하는 데 단 9분밖에 걸리지 않으며, 이는 내연기관 차량의 주유 속도에 가까운 수준입니다. T형 듀얼 건을 통한 유연한 전력 공유:
차량 1대만 충전할 경우 : 1,500kW의 초고속 플래시 충전;
차량 2대를 동시에 충전할 경우 : 2개의 충전 건으로 2,100kW를 공유하며, 두 차량 모두 높은 출력을 유지할 수 있으므로 서로 전력을 빼앗아 충전 속도가 저하되는 일이 없습니다.
방열 및 하드웨어 개선 : 완전 수냉식 서스펜션 슬라이드 설계를 채택하여 충전 건의 무게는 불과 2kg에 불과하며, 한 손으로 조작하기도 쉽습니다. SiC 파워 모듈 업그레이드를 통해 1,000V/1,500A의 안정적인 출력을 실현하며, -30°C의 극한 추위 환경에서도 충전 출력 저하를 최소화합니다.
지원되는 축전 시스템의 용량 확대 : 2세대 충전소에는 대용량 축전 캐비닛이 기본 장착되어 있으며, 피크 커팅 및 밸리 필링 기능을 갖추고 있습니다.
메가와트급 충전소의 양산이 시작되었습니다. 승용차용 메가와트급 충전소가 대규모로 건설되고 있으며, 상용차용도 간선 물류 및 대형 트럭 분야로 전면적으로 확대되고 있습니다.
메가와트급 급속 충전 기술(출력 1,000kW 이상)은 신에너지 차량의 완전한 전동화를 추진하는 데 있어 중요한 돌파구가 되고 있습니다. 메가와트급 충전에서는 일반적으로 전 영역에서 1,000V 이상의 고전압 아키텍처가 채택되고 있으며, 일부 상용차용 솔루션에서는 1,250V-1,500V로 진화하고 있습니다.
승용차 분야에서는 메가와트급 급속 충전이 고급차 모델에 필수적인 기능에서 모든 차종에 보급되고 있는 것으로 변화하고 있습니다. 승용차용 메가와트급 충전소의 상위 3개 기업은 BYD(1.5MW) > ZEEKR V4(1.3MW) > 화웨이(1MW 승용차용 솔루션)입니다. 이 3개사는 모두 풀 도메인 1,000V/수냉식/에너지 저장 또는 파워 풀 아키텍처를 채택하고 있습니다. BYD는 승용차용 메가와트급 충전 노선의 가장 적극적인 추진자로서, 11만 위안급 차종(Seal 06/Song Ultra)에도 메가와트급 충전을 보급하고 있습니다.
승용차와 비교하여 상용차(특히 대형 트럭)는 배터리 용량이 매우 커서 극히 높은 충전 효율이 요구됩니다. MW급 급속 충전을 통해 대형 트럭의 충전 시간을 15분 미만으로 단축할 수 있으며, 대형 트럭에서 연료에서 전력으로의 전환이라는 상업적 폐쇄 루프를 완벽하게 실현합니다. 중국에서는 가장 빠른 속도로 대규모 상용화가 진행되고 있으며, 화웨이, BYD, ZEEKR, TELD, Winline Technology, 국가전망 등이 간선 도로·광산 지역·항만에서 상용 운영을 시작했고, 메가와트급 충전에 관한 국가 기준도 연내에 공포될 전망입니다. 북미에서는 여전히 기술 사양 수립 및 1차 회랑 시범 사업이 진행 중이며, 유럽에서는 Milence와 AFIR가 공공 MCS 회랑 추진을 담당하고 있습니다.
상용차의 메가와트급 충전과 승용차의 메가와트급 충전 비교:
- 공통점:
a. 모두 1000V 이상의 고전압 플랫폼과 SiC 파워 칩을 채택하고 있습니다.
b. 모두 전체 링크(배터리 측 + 충전소 + 충전 건)에 액체 냉각이 필요합니다.
c. 모두 전력 계통에 미치는 영향에 대한 대응이 필요합니다(축전·충전 통합／태양광 발전·축전·충전을 통한 마이크로그리드／V2mG)
- 차이점:
a. 배터리 용량: 상용차의 배터리 용량은 승용차의 3-4배입니다.
b. 충전 속도 : 상용차의 메가와트급 충전 속도는 승용차의 메가와트급 충전보다 느립니다. 이는 주로 상용차의 배터리 용량이 더 크기 때문입니다.
c. 승용차의 메가와트급 충전과 상용차의 메가와트급 충전은 각각 서로 다른 규격 체계에 속하며, 인터페이스가 호환되지 않고 프로토콜도 상호 운용할 수 없습니다.
d. 충전 인터페이스 : 상용차의 메가와트급 충전에서는 MCS 전용 역삼각형 커넥터가 사용되지만, 승용차의 메가와트급 충전에서는 급속 충전과 동일한 충전 인터페이스가 사용됩니다.
e. 계통 연계 : 상용차의 메가와트급 충전에서는 10kV-110kV의 직접 연결이 이루어지지만, 승용차의 계통 연계 전압은 상용차보다 낮습니다.
f. 열 관리: 상용차의 메가와트급 충전에서 방열 기준은 더 엄격하며, 3000A의 전류에서는 기존의 공랭 방식이 물리적 한계에 도달했습니다.
메가와트급 충전은 필연적으로 ‘차량·충전소·네트워크’의 긴밀한 연동으로 발전해 나갈 것입니다.
1. 태양광 발전·축전·충전의 통합: 메가와트급 충전소에는 표준 장비로 축전 시스템이 도입됩니다. 축전 시스템을 활용하여 피크 부하를 줄이고 저조기 전력 수요를 보충함으로써, 대용량 충전이 송전망에 미치는 순간적인 영향을 완화합니다.
2. 차량에서 전력망으로의 전력 공급(V2G) : 다수의 대형 트럭 및 승용차의 배터리 자원을 집약하여 가상 발전소를 구축합니다. 예를 들어, 탕산에서는 10만 대 이상의 대형 트럭을 모아 전력망 조절에 참여시키는 동시에, 부하가 낮은 시간대에 충전을 진행하고 있습니다. 이를 통해 충전 수요를 충족시킬 뿐만 아니라, 전력망의 피크 조절을 지원하고 금전적 보상도 얻고 있습니다.
3. 표준 시스템 구축 : 중국 국가공업정보화부(MIIT)는 상용차의 메가와트급 충전을 주요 추진 과제로 포함시키고, 대형 트럭 등 차종의 고속 충전을 지원하기 위해 충전 인터페이스, 분류, 냉각, 통신을 아우르는 국가 권장 표준 시스템의 형성을 추진하고 있습니다.
자동차용 슈퍼차징 시스템의 에너지 상호작용 시스템은 단방향 충전에서 양방향 상호작용과 다중 에너지원 연계를 갖춘 3차원 네트워크로 진화하고 있으며, 여기에는 V2G, 그리드 형성형 슈퍼차징,태양광 발전·축전·충전·스왑핑의 통합, 그리고 차량과 충전소의 긴밀한 연동이 포함됩니다.
자동차용 슈퍼차징 시스템에는 ‘상호작용 대상과 에너지 흐름’에 따른 4가지 에너지 상호작용 모델과, ‘기능 수준’에 따른 물리 계층, 플랫폼 계층, 전략 계층의 3가지 계층이 있습니다. 핵심적인 관계는 다음과 같습니다. V2X가 기반 계층의 기능을 구성하고, 마이크로그리드/V2mG 및 그리드 형성형 슈퍼차징이 물리적 기반을 제공하며, 가상 발전소, 질서 있는 충전, 그리고 에너지 관리/신탁이 플랫폼의 집약을 실현하고, 자율 주행을 통한 자율적인 스케줄링이 미래의 궁극적인 형태가 됩니다.
1. 차량에서 그리드로의 전력 공급(V2G)이 확대되면서, 차량은 ‘이동식 에너지 저장 풀’로 변모하고 있습니다.
신에너지차의 위상은 단순한 이동 수단에서 새로운 전력 시스템의 축전 장치로 변화하고 있습니다. V2G(양방향 충방전) 기술을 활용함으로써, 전기자동차는 전력 수요가 적은 시간대의 축전과 피크 시간대의 전력 공급이라는 양방향 에너지 흐름을 실현할 수 있습니다. 국가의 ‘제15차 5개년 계획’에서는 2030년까지 V2G(Vehicle-to-Grid)를 통해 가능해질 조절 가능한 충전 규모 총량이 약 50GW에 달할 것이라고 명확히 제시하고 있습니다. 피크 절감 및 비수기 충전, 가상 발전소, 집계 거래에 참여함으로써, 막대한 수의 신에너지 차량은 전력망을 통해 유연하게 동원 가능한 이동식 에너지 저장 자원이 되어, 교통 시스템과 에너지 시스템의 깊은 융합을 실현하게 될 것입니다.
2. 그리드 포밍형 슈퍼차징 기술이 새로운 전력 시스템 노드를 구축
그리드 형성형 급속 충전은 급속 충전 기술 진화의 최신 방향성입니다. 그 핵심 개념은 충전소 내에 독립된 마이크로그리드/V2mG를 구축하는 데 있습니다. 이를 통해 슈퍼차징 스테이션은 외부 전력망의 용량이나 안정성에 전적으로 의존하지 않고, ‘그리드 형성형 에너지 저장 + 태양광 발전·에너지 저장·충전의 통합’을 통해 전압과 주파수를 자율적으로 확립함으로써, 대용량 슈퍼차징이 전력망에 미치는 영향을 근본적으로 해결합니다. 그리드 형성형 슈퍼차징 기술은 ‘비용 절감, 효율 향상, 배출 감소’라는 3가지 가치 창출을 통해 충전 인프라를 단순한 충전 서비스에서 종합적인 에너지 서비스 제공업체로 변혁하는 것을 추진하고 있습니다.
그리드 형성형 슈퍼차징은 슈퍼차징 인프라가 ‘전력망에 대한 의존’에서 ‘독자적인 전력망 구축’으로 패러다임이 전환됨을 의미하며, 고출력 충전과 전력망의 허용 용량 간의 모순을 해결하기 위한 중요한 기술적 로드맵입니다. 현재 그리드 형성형 슈퍼차징 기술은 대규모 상용화 단계에 접어들었으며, 주요 기업들에게 중요한 전략적 전개 방향이 되고 있습니다.
PISEN VAULT : 베이징이공대학 선전 자동차 연구소와 공동으로 ‘태양광 발전·축전 메가와트급 슈퍼차징 ? 녹색 전력 직결 기술 솔루션’을 발표하고, 선전시 룽강구에서 최초의 그리드 형성형 태양광 발전·축전·충전·방전 통합 실증 스테이션 구축에 성공했습니다.
Huawei Digital Energy : 이 회사가 제안한 ‘메가와트급 급속 충전 + 태양광 발전·축전을 통한 계통 연계’라는 분산형 마이크로그리드/V2mG 솔루션은 산동성과 광둥성의 많은 고속 물류 간선 및 대형 트럭 운행 구역에 대규모로 도입되어,대형 트럭의 전기화를 지원함으로써 비용 절감과 이산화탄소 배출량 감축에 기여하고 있습니다.
국가전망 지베이 전력: 허베이성 북부 장자커우시에서 태양광 발전, 에너지 저장, 급속 충전, V2G를 통합한 해당 시 최초의 도시급 종합 급속 충전소이 가동을 시작하여, ‘차량·스테이션·전력망·에너지’의 연계 실증 시나리오를 구축하고 있습니다.
엔비전 그룹 : 이 회사가 발표한 ‘인공지능 슈퍼 에너지 저장·충전 네트워크’는 AI 알고리즘과 스마트 마이크로그리드 제어를 활용하여 에너지 저장 및 충전의 효율적인 연계를 실현함으로써, 배전망의 세부적인 문제 해결을 전력망 차원에서 지원합니다.
3. 태양광 발전·축전·충전·스왑핑의 통합을 통해 마이크로그리드/V2mG 버퍼 생태계 구축
메가와트급 플래시 충전 등 초고출력 충전 기술의 도입에 따라, 전력망에 가해지는 부하 압력이 가장 큰 병목 현상이 되고 있습니다. 슈퍼 차징·에너지 상호작용 시스템은 태양광 발전·축전·충전·스왑핑의 통합을 향해 급속히 발전하고 있습니다. 충전소는 태양광 발전 및 에너지 저장 시스템(ESS)과 깊이 통합될 것입니다. ESS는 수요가 적은 시간대에 전력을 저장하고, 피크 부하 시 방전함으로써 고출력 충전으로 인해 송전망에 발생하는 순간적인 영향을 완화합니다. 동시에, 급속 충전과 배터리 교환 모드는 시나리오에 기반한 통합으로 전환되고 있습니다. 슈퍼차징·배터리 스와핑 통합 스테이션은 공유된 조립식 변전소와 충전 모듈을 활용하여 에너지 변환 손실을 대폭 줄이고, 보다 효율적이고 적응성이 높은 충전용 마이크로그리드/V2mG 아키텍처를 구축합니다.
단기 : 산업단지와 항만이 규모 확대를 주도하고, 마을과 소도시에서의 마이크로그리드/V2mG 실증 사업이 가속화됩니다.
중기 : 마이크로그리드/V2mG 클러스터는 가상 발전소의 집약을 통해 ‘계통 연계’를 이루어 전력 시장 거래 및 계통 보조 서비스에 참여합니다.
장기 : 마이크로그리드/V2mG가 새로운 전력 시스템의 ‘표준 단위’가 되어, 주계통과 연계하여 ‘주계통·배전·마이크로’의 3층으로 구성된 협업 시스템을 형성함으로써, 에너지의 정밀한 생산, 효율적인 저장 및 스마트한 배전을 실현합니다.
4. 자율 주행을 통한 자율적인 스케줄링, 전 구간에 걸친 스마트한 상호 연계
자율 주행을 통한 자율 스케줄링은 V2G의 궁극적인 진화 방향입니다. 이를 통해 VPP의 디스패치 문제가 근본적으로 해결되며, 전기자동차는 수동적으로 제어되는 분산형 자원에서 자율적으로 이동하는 에너지 저장 에이전트로 변모합니다.
자율주행의 ‘이동 능력’이 V2G의 ‘에너지 능력’과 깊이 통합되면, 모든 전기차는 자율적으로 이동하고, 의사결정을 내리며, 자율적으로 거래를 수행하는 마이크로 발전소가 됩니다. 이는 충전 방식에 있어 혁명일 뿐만 아니라, 교통 시스템과 에너지 시스템의 통합에 있어 궁극적인 형태이기도 합니다.
목차
제1장 충전·스와핑 인프라 개요, 정책, 규격 및 개발 동향
제2장 OEM에 의한 차량·충전소·전력망 풀 링크 충전 에코시스템
제3장 중국 충전·스와핑 인프라 전개와 동향
제4장 슈퍼차징 배터리 시스템 개발과 동향
제5장 슈퍼차징 시스템 에너지 거래-V2X/시스템 레벨 집약 조정/계통 지원 등
제6장 주요 OEM 각사 충전·스와핑 시설 및 슈퍼차징 배터리 배치 상황
AJYCharging and battery swapping research: as 5C+ supercharging vehicle models go into mass production, the pace of OEMs self-building supercharging networks quickens
800-1000V high-voltage platforms are fully popularized, and 5C supercharging vehicle models are mass-produced
In 2026, with the full popularity of 800-1000V high-voltage platforms, high-rate supercharging batteries (5C and above) become the core arena for mainstream OEMs. Each brand has made in-depth layout in battery technology, charging rate and recharging network. High-rate fast charging (5C and above) has become the focus of competition among major OEMs. At the same time, 800V high-voltage platforms have spread to the mainstream family car (RMB150,000-200,000) market.
BYD: It has extensive layout in the field of supercharging. U9, a model of its high-end brand Yangwang, has a charging rate of 6C. Denza-branded vehicle models (such as Denza N7 and D9DM) boast 3C, and mainstream vehicle models such as Song LEV and Han EV offer 2C. In addition, BYD's newly released second-generation blade battery and flash charging technology can achieve extremely fast recharging from 10% to 70% in just 5 minutes and from 10% to 97% in only 9 minutes at room temperature. BYD has extended 800V flash charging technology to vehicle models worth hundreds of thousands of yuan (such as Song Ultra EV and Sea Lion 06 EV).
Li Auto: Featuring the 5C supercharging, the representative vehicle model Li MEGA is equipped with a 5C Qilin battery, which enables a range of 500 kilometers in 12 minutes. The next-generation Li L6 also supports 5C supercharging, and it can be charged from 20% to 80% in just 12 minutes.
Xiaomi Auto: Xiaomi SU7 Ultra (2025) features 5.2C supercharging, which takes only about 12 minutes to charge from 10% to 80%. It can be charged in 15 minutes for a range of about 620 kilometers, with a peak power of over 400kW.
XPeng: The typical vehicle model XPeng GX can be charged from 10% to 80% in only 11.7 minutes thanks to 5C supercharging.
ZEEKR (Geely): ZEEKR 007 boasts 5.5C high-rate fast charging, which can be completed in about 10 minutes; ZEEKR 8X is equipped with a 6C battery, which can be charged from 20% to 80% in only 9 minutes. The new version of ZEEKR 001 carries the 5C version of Shenxing Battery for the first time.
The realization of vehicle supercharging requires high-voltage automotive architectures and supercharging piles with a power of more than 600kW. OEMs not only need to develop vehicle models with high-voltage architectures and supercharging piles (such as BYD's single-gun 1500kW flash charging pile), but also promote the construction of Microgrid/V2mG featuring "storage-charging integration" with pile companies and grids to handle the instantaneous impact of high-power charging on power grids.
- Top OEMs: build large-scale supercharging networks, and focus on ultra-fast recharging experience
With the popularization of high-rate supercharging battery technology, the supercharging station construction by OEMs is moving from independent efforts to a new stage of ecosystem co-construction. By mainstream supercharging station solution/configuration, OEM charging network construction involves four main modes:
1. OEMs (ZEEKR, Li Auto, XPeng, Tesla) develop and operate their own supercharging networks;
2. Huawei sells supercharging system solutions to operators/OEMs (it does not have to build self-operated stations across the country);
3. NIO adopts the combination of swapping and supercharging;
4. BYD boasts megawatt-level supercharging and hardcore energy storage technology.
By the end of June 2026, the number of self-operated supercharging stations of major domestic mainstream OEMs are as follows:
BYD's flash charging stations: 7,018. In 2026, BYD's flash charging station construction plan mainly revolves around the "Flash Charging China" strategy, with the core goal of building 20,000 stations by the end of the year.
Li Auto's supercharging stations: 4,092
XPeng's supercharging stations: 2,650
Tesla China's supercharging stations: 2,600
NIO's supercharging stations (excluding swapping stations): 1,765. NIO's plan and latest construction progress released in 2026 closely focuses on "comprehensive expansion of charging and swapping networks" and "upgrading of fifth-generation swapping stations".
ZEEKR's self-operated supercharging stations: 1,236
Huawei Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)'s supercharging stations: 1,200
GAC Aion's supercharging stations: 1,205. In 2026, GAC will sprint towards the goal of adding 10,000 charging piles to further consolidate its leading position in the OEM self-built supercharging networks.
Voyah's supercharging stations: 104 (200 originally planned). Its original radical plan was to build 1,000 stations by 2026.
Chery Volt-dragon Charger: Released in March 2026. At present, Chery's Volt-dragon Charger is still in the startup stage in terms of network layout. The core task in 2026 is to complete the construction and business model verification of the first batch of 100 V2G demonstration stations in 10 cities, and the ambitious goal of building 20,000 stations will be gradually fulfilled by 2029.
For example: BYD plans to use a three-level network architecture of flagship station + satellite station + community station for large-scale deployment of megawatt flash charging stations through the in-depth vehicle-pile-storage-network coordination to accelerate the construction of a nationwide, grid-friendly, extremely fast recharging network. From 2025 to 2026, BYD's megawatt flash charging stations achieved breakthroughs in first- and second-generation products:
1MW (1000kW) Flash Charger 1.0 (2025): The total power is 1360kW, the peak power of a single gun is 1000kW, and the current of a single gun is 1000A. A range of about 400 kilometers can be achieved after 5 minutes of charging. It can only charge a single vehicle at full power; charging two vehicles simultaneously will result in a significant power reduction due to power diversion.
2100kW Flash Charger 2.0 (2026): The rated maximum output power is 2100kW (2.1 MW), the peak power of a single gun is 1500kW. A range of about 480-500 kilometers can be achieved after 5 minutes of charging. It only takes 9 minutes to go from 10% to 97%, which is close to the refueling speed of a fuel vehicle. T-type dual-gun flexible power sharing:
Only one vehicle is charged: 1500kW ultra-fast flash charging;
Two vehicles are charged at the same time: the two guns share 2100kW, and both vehicles can maintain high power and will not compete with each other for power to make charging slow down.
Heat dissipation and hardware iteration: with fully liquid-cooled suspension slide design, a charging gun only weighs 2kg, easy to operate with one hand; SiC power module upgrade, 1000V/1500A stable output, minimal charging attenuation in -30°C extreme cold environment.
Capacity expansion of supporting energy storage system: The second-generation pile is equipped with a large-capacity energy storage cabinet as standard, which has the capability of peak-shaving and valley-filling.
Mass production of megawatt charging stations has started: passenger car megawatt charging stations are being constructed on a large scale, and commercial vehicles have fully expanded into trunk logistics/heavy truck scenarios
Megawatt supercharging technology (power reaching 1,000 kilowatts and above) is becoming a key breakthrough to promote the full electrification of new energy vehicles. Megawatt charging generally adopts full-domain 1000V and above high-voltage architectures, and some commercial vehicle solutions have been advanced to 1250V-1500V.
In the passenger car field, megawatt supercharging is moving from being a must-have for high-end vehicle models to becoming popular among all vehicle models. Top three companies in passenger car megawatt piles: BYD (1.5MW) > ZEEKR V4 (1.3MW) > Huawei (1MW passenger car solution). All three companies adopt full-domain 1000V/liquid-cooled/energy storage or power pool architectures. BYD has decentralized megawatt charging to RMB110,000 vehicle models (Seal 06/Song Ultra) as the most aggressive proponent of the passenger car megawatt charging route.
Compared with passenger cars, commercial vehicles (especially heavy trucks) have huge battery capacities and require extremely high charging efficiency. MW supercharging can compress the recharging time of heavy trucks to less than 15 minutes, completely opening up the commercial closed loop of replacing fuel with electricity for heavy trucks. China sees the fastest large-scale commercialization: Huawei, BYD, ZEEKR, TELD, Winline Technology, State Grid, etc. have started commercial operations in trunk lines/mining areas/ports, and national standards for megawatt charging are expected to be released within the year. North America is still formulating technical specifications and conducting the first batch of corridor pilots, and Europe relies on Milence/AFIR to promote public MCS corridors.
Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging VS Passenger Car Megawatt Charging:
-Similarity:
a.Both adopt 1000V and above high voltage platforms + SiC power chips
b.Both require full-link liquid cooling (battery end + pile + gun)
c.Both need to handle power grid impact (storage-charging integration/photovoltaic-storage-charging Microgrid/V2mG)
-Difference:
a.Battery capacity: The battery capacity of commercial vehicles is 3-4 times higher than that of passenger cars;
b.Charging rate: The charging rate of commercial vehicle megawatt charging is lower than passenger car megawatt charging, mainly because the commercial vehicle battery capacity is higher;
c.Passenger car megawatt charging and commercial vehicle megawatt charging belong to two separate standard systems, with incompatible interfaces and non-interoperable protocols;
d.Charging interface: Commercial vehicle megawatt charging uses an MCS-specific inverted triangle connector, while passenger car megawatt charging uses the same charging interface as fast charging;
e.Grid access: Commercial vehicle megawatt charging involves 10kV~110kV direct connection, but the grid access voltage of passenger cars is lower than that of commercial vehicles;
f.Thermal management: Commercial vehicle megawatt charging heat dissipation standards are higher, and traditional air cooling has reached the physical limit at 3000A current.
Megawatt charging will inevitably develop toward the in-depth collaboration of "vehicle-station-network":
1.Photovoltaic-storage-charging integration: Megawatt charging stations will be equipped with energy storage systems as standard, using energy storage to cut peaks and fill valleys, and smooth the instantaneous impact of high-power charging on the bulk power grid.
2.Vehicle-to-grid (V2G): A virtual power plant is built by aggregating the battery resources of massive heavy trucks or passenger cars. For example, Tangshan has gathered more than 100,000 heavy trucks to participate in power grid regulation and charge during low load periods, which not only meets recharging needs, but also assists the power grid in peak regulation and obtains financial compensation.
3.Standard system construction: The National Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (MIIT) has included megawatt charging of commercial vehicles into crucial deployment and promotes the formation of a national recommended standard system covering charging interfaces, diversion, cooling and communications to support the high-speed charging of vehicle models such as heavy trucks.
The energy interaction system of the automotive supercharging system has evolved from one-way recharging to a three-dimensional network with two-way interaction and multi-energy-source collaboration, including V2G, grid-forming supercharging, photovoltaic-storage-charging-swapping integration, and vehicle-pile in-depth collaboration
The automotive supercharging system has four energy interaction models by "interaction object and energy flow", and three layers - physical layer, platform layer and strategy layer by "functional level". The core relationship is: V2X constitutes the underlying layer capability, Microgrid/V2mG and grid-forming supercharging provide the physical carrier, virtual power plants, orderly charging and energy management/trusteeship realize platform aggregation, autonomous driving self-scheduling represents the ultimate form of the future.
1.Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is scaled up, and vehicles are transformed into "mobile energy storage pools"
The positioning of new energy vehicles is changing from a simple means of transportation to a storage device for new power systems. Relying on V2G (two-way charging and discharging) technology, electric vehicles can realize two-way energy flow of low valley power storage and peak power supply. The national "15th Five-Year Plan" has clearly stated that by 2030, the aggregated adjustable charging scale enabled by V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) will reach approximately 50GW. By participating in peak shaving and valley filling, virtual power plants and aggregation transactions, massive new energy vehicles will become mobile energy storage resources that can be flexibly dispatched by the power grid, achieving deep integration of transportation and energy systems.
2.Grid-forming supercharging technology builds new power system nodes
Grid-forming supercharging is the latest direction in the evolution of supercharging technology. The core idea is to build an independent Microgrid/V2mG in charging stations, so that supercharging stations no longer completely rely on the capacity and stability of the external power grid, but independently establish voltage and frequency through "grid-forming energy storage + photovoltaic-storage-charging integration" to fundamentally handle the impact of high-power supercharging on the power grid. Grid-forming supercharging technology is promoting the transformation of charging infrastructure from a single recharging service to a comprehensive energy service provider through triple (cost reduction, efficiency improvement and emission reduction) value creation.
Grid-forming supercharging represents the paradigm shift of supercharging infrastructure from "depending on the grid" to "self-building the grid", and is the key technical path to solve the contradiction between high-power charging and grid carrying capacity. So far, grid-forming supercharging technology has entered the stage of large-scale application and has become a key layout direction for leading companies in the industry.
PISEN VAULT: In conjunction with Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute of Beijing Institute of Technology, it released the "Photovoltaic-Storage Megawatt Supercharging - Green Electricity Direct Connection Technology Solution" and successfully launched the first grid-forming photovoltaic-storage-charging-discharging integrated demonstration station in Longgang District, Shenzhen;
Huawei Digital Energy: The distributed Microgrid/V2mG solution of "megawatt supercharging + photovoltaic-storage grid-forming" proposed by it has been deployed on a large scale in many high-speed logistics trunk lines and heavy truck operating areas in Shandong and Guangdong to help the electrification of heavy trucks so as to reduce costs and carbon emissions;
State Grid Jibei Electric Power: The first city-level comprehensive supercharging port in Zhangjiakou that integrates photovoltaics, energy storage, supercharging, and V2G in northern Hebei has been put into operation to create a "vehicle-station-grid-energy" collaborative demonstration scenario;
Envision Group: The "Artificial Intelligence Super Storage and Charging Network" released by it uses AI algorithms and intelligent microgrid control to achieve efficient coordination of energy storage and charging, helping the power grid solve capillary problems on the distribution network.
3.Photovoltaic-storage-charging-swapping integration builds a Microgrid/V2mG buffer ecosystem
With the implementation of ultra-high-power charging technologies such as megawatt flash charging, the load-bearing pressure on the power grid has become the biggest bottleneck. The supercharging energy interaction system is accelerating towards "photovoltaic-storage-charging-swap integration". Charging stations will be deeply integrated with photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system (ESS) which stores electricity during off-peak hours and discharges at peak load, mitigating instantaneous impact on the bulk power grid caused by high-power charging. At the same time, supercharging and swapping modes are moving toward scenario-based integration. supercharging-swapping integrated stations leverage shared prefabricated substations and charging modules to significantly reduce energy conversion losses and build a more efficient and adaptable recharging Microgrid/V2mG architecture.
Short-term: Industrial parks and ports take the lead in scaling up, and Microgrid/V2mG pilots in villages and towns are accelerated;
Mid-term: Microgrid/V2mG clusters "go on the grid" through virtual power plant aggregation and participate in power market transactions and grid auxiliary services;
Long-term: Microgrid/V2mG becomes the "standard unit" of the new power system, forming a three-layer "main-distribution-micro" collaborative system with the main grid to achieve precise production, efficient storage and intelligent distribution of energy.
4.Autonomous driving self-scheduling, full-link intelligent interaction
Autonomous driving self-scheduling is the ultimate evolutionary direction of V2G. It fundamentally solves the dispatch problem of VPPs and transforms electric vehicles from passively regulated dispersed resources into autonomous mobile energy storage agents.
When the "mobility capability" of autonomous driving is deeply integrated with the "energy capability" of V2G, every electric vehicle will be a micro power plant that moves autonomously, makes decisions, and trades autonomously. This is not only a revolution in recharging methods, but also the ultimate form of integration of transportation and energy systems.
Table of Contents
1 Overview, Policies, Standards and Development Trends of Charging and Swapping Infrastructure
- 1.1 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - Network System Overview
- Classification Modes
- Charging Interface Standards and Classifications
- Charge Rate
- Intelligent Managed Charging/Flexible Charging/VPP
- Research Framework
- The Trinity of Pile-Vehicle-Grid Marks the Closed Loop of Supercharging Experience
- Main Participants
- 1.2 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure -Promotion and Guiding Policies
- China's Overall Roadmap for Charging and Swapping Infrastructure, 2025-2035E
- Highway Scenario Promotion Policies (1)
- Highway Scenario Promotion Policies (2)
- Urban Public Space Promotion Policies
- Financial Subsidy Policies (1)
- Financial Subsidy Policies (2)
- 1.3 Standards Related to Global Charging Facilities
- Summary of Global Standards
- Global Standard Technology Collaboration and Role Division
- Development Trends and Evolution Directions of Global Standards
- Technical Evolution of Global Megawatt Supercharging Technology
- Global Standard Charging Interfaces (1)
- Global Standard Charging Interfaces (2)
- 1.4 Standards Related to Charging Facilities in China
- Development and Trends of China Standards
- Summary of China's Implementation Standards
- Interpretation of GB 39752-2024 Safety Requirements of Electric Vehicle Conductive Supply Equipment (1)
- Interpretation of GB 39752-2024 Safety Requirements of Electric Vehicle Conductive Supply Equipment (2)
- Interpretation of GB 46519-2025 Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades for Electric Vehicle Power Supply Equipment (1)
- Interpretation of GB 46519-2025 Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades for Electric Vehicle Power Supply Equipment (2)
- Interpretation of GB 46519-2025 Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades for Electric Vehicle Power Supply Equipment (3)
- GB/T 27930.2-2024 DC Charging Evolution Route (1)
- GB/T 27930.2-2024 DC Charging Evolution Route (2)
- Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (1)
- Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (2)
- Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (3)
- Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (4)
- Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (17)
- Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (18)
- Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (19)
- Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (20)
- Interpretation of GB 44263-2024 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System (1)
- Interpretation of GB 44263-2024 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System (2)
- Interpretation of GB 44263-2024 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System (3)
- Interpretation of GB 44263-2024 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System (4)
- 1.5 Standards Related to High-performance Supercharging Batteries
- Battery Performance/Safety Standards: Global Framework
- Battery Performance/Safety Standards: List
- Battery Performance/Safety Standards - Chinese Framework
- Summary of Chinese Standards
- Technical Trends of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements
- Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (1)
- Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (2)
- Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (3)
- Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (4)
- Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (5)
- GB/T 31486 Electrical Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
- GB/T 31486-2024 VS GB/T 31486-2015
- Interpretation of GB/T 31486-2024 (1)
- Interpretation of GB/T 31486-2024 (2)
- Interpretation of GB/T 31486-2024 (3)
- GB/T 31484 Cycle Life Requirements and Test Methods for Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
- Interpretation of GB/T 31484 (1)
- Interpretation of GB/T 31484 (2)
- GB/T 31467-2023 Electrical Performance Test Methods for Lithium-ion Traction Battery Pack and System of Electric Vehicles (1)
- GB/T 31467-2023 Electrical Performance Test Methods for Lithium-ion Traction Battery Pack and System of Electric Vehicles (2)
- 1.6 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - Development Trends
- Development Trends of Supercharging System Vehicle-Pile-Battery Technology
- Supercharging System's Core Requirements for Vehicles
- Supercharging System - Vehicle-Pile-Battery Market Size, 2030E
- 1.7 China's New Energy Vehicle Sales Volume/Ownership
- New Energy Vehicle Ownership, 2030E
- EV&PHEV Ownership (Data Table)
- New Energy Vehicle Sales Volume Sets a New High in 2026, Accounting for More Than 50% of the Total Vehicle Sales Volume
- Ratio of Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume
- 1.8 China's New Energy Passenger Car Sales Volume
- Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume - Powertrain Route Differentiation
- Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume - Body Style Trends
- Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume by Brand
- Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume by Vehicle Model
- 1.9 Battery Capacity Per New Energy Vehicle in China
- Average Battery Capacity Per Vehicle by Vehicle Model
- Battery Capacity/Range of Battery-Electric Passenger Cars in China
2 "Vehicle-Pile-Grid" Full-Link Recharging Ecosystem of OEMs
- 2.1 OEM High-Voltage Automotive Architecture Is the Core Foundation for Supercharging
- Automotive Supercharging System-Supercharging Implementation Approaches
- New Energy Vehicle 800V High-Voltage Architecture Enters A Boom Period
- Currently, New Energy Vehicles Are in the Transition from 800V Charging to Full-Domain 800V
- 800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - 400V to 800V Design Solutions
- 800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - High-Voltage Electrical Topology
- 800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Components and Parts Requiring Upgrades
- 800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Vehicle Component Upgrade Selection
- 800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Vehicle Component Upgrade Selection: Cost Analysis
- 1000V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Next-Gen Technology Direction of High-Voltage Architecture for New Energy Vehicles
- 1000V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Status Quo of 1000V High-Voltage Vehicles
- 1000V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - 1500V Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Modules
- 2.2 Vehicle Models with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture of OEMs and Sales Volume
- Sales Volume of Passenger Cars with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture in China
- Passenger Car Models with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture and Sales Volume in China (1)
- Passenger Car Models with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture and Sales Volume in China (2)
- Passenger Car Models with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture and Sales Volume in China (3)
- 2.3 Layout of OEMs in 4C/5C/6C Supercharging Batteries and Trends
- Summary of Development Strategies
- Layout of Mainstream OEMs in Vehicle Models Fitted with High-Rate Supercharging Batteries
- Vehicle Model Layout and Trends (1)
- Vehicle Model Layout and Trends (2)
- Vehicle Model Layout and Trends (3)
- Vehicle Model Layout and Trends (4)
- 2.4 Layout of OEMs in Supercharging Station/Pile Market and Trends
- Mainstream Supercharging Stations: Three Strategic Approaches
- Configuration Comparison of Mainstream Supercharging Station Solutions
- Number and Planning of Self-Operated Supercharging Stations of Mainstream OEMs
- Construction Costs of Self-Operated Supercharging Stations of Mainstream OEMs
- Supercharging Pile Layout and Construction Planning of Major OEMs (1)
- Supercharging Pile Layout and Construction Planning of Major OEMs (2)
- Supercharging Pile Layout and Construction Planning of Major OEMs (3)
- Product Case: BYD MW Flash Charging Station (1)
- Product Case: BYD MW Flash Charging Station (2)
- 2.5 Automotive Supercharging System Components - Automotive High-Voltage Power Supply System
- Automotive Power Supply Products
- 800V High-Voltage Architecture Upgrade
- Independent Charging and Distribution Units Are the Mainstream
- Power Supply System + Electric Drive integration
- Power Supply System + Bms/Bdu Integrated Battery Box
- Case of Power Supply System + Bms/Bdu Integrated Battery Box (1)
- Case of Power Supply System + Bms/Bdu Integrated Battery Box (2)
- High-Voltage Architecture Development Trends
- Integrated Power Supply System CDU
- Integrated Power Supply System CDU: Product Line and Design Concept
- Case of Integrated Power Supply System CDU
- 2.6 Automotive Supercharging System Components - On-Board Charger (OBC)
- On-Board Charger (OBC)
- Bidirectional OBC Circuit Structure
- OBC Classification by Power
- SiC Power Devices
- Automotive-Grade Product Line and Design Concept (1)
- Automotive-Grade Product Line and Design Concept (2)
- 2.7 Automotive Supercharging System Components - DC/DC
- Working Principle
- Automotive-Grade Product Line and Design Concept under High-Voltage Supercharging Architecture
- 2.8 Automotive Supercharging System Components - SiC Inverter
- Product Line and Design Concept under High-Voltage Supercharging Architecture (1)
- Product Line and Design Concept under High-Voltage Supercharging Architecture (2)
- 2.9 Automotive Supercharging System Components - High-Voltage Wire Harness
- High-Voltage Wiring Harness for Electric Vehicles
- Wiring Harness Development Trends
- Reconstruction of Wiring Harness Technology under High-Voltage Architecture
- Products and Development Trends of Main Suppliers (1)
- Products and Development Trends of Main Suppliers (2)
- 2.10 Automotive Supercharging System Components - High-Voltage DC Relay
- Definition and Working Principle
- Development Trends
- List of Major Suppliers and Products
- Product Case (1)
- Product Case (2)
- 2.11 Supercharging Implementation Approach - Boost Charging Technology
- Boost Charging Technology
- 400V-800V Boost Solution
- Technical Solutions
- Technical Solution Classification
- Product Cases of Major Suppliers
3 China's Charging and Swapping Infrastructure Development and Trends
- 3.1 China's Charging Infrastructure (Gun) Ownership
- Public Piles/Private Piles
- Forecast of Ownership and Pile-to-Vehicle Ratio
- China's Charging Infrastructure (Gun) Ownership by Province
- China's Charging Infrastructure (Gun) Ownership by Operator
- 3.2 China's Public Charging Station Ownership
- China's Public Charging Station Ownership and Construction Plan
- China's Public Charging Station Ownership by Province
- China's Public Charging Station Ownership by Operator
- 3.3 Ownership of Charging Piles in China's Highway Service Areas
- Ownership of Charging Piles in China's Highway Service Areas
- High-Power Charging Guns Accounted for 14% in 2025
- Regional Layout
- 3.4 China's Overseas Charging Infrastructure
- Overseas Modes
- Overseas Certification System
- The Focus Is on Local Certification and Mutual Recognition of Testing
- Overseas Layout of Major Companies
- Product Case: Megawatt Flash Charging (1)
- Product Case: Megawatt Flash Charging (2)
- Product case: Full-Power-Range Products
- 3.5 China's Swapping Station Ownership and Construction Plan
- China's Swapping Station Ownership
- China's Swapping Station Ownership by Province
- China's Swapping Station Ownership by Operator
- China's Swapping Solution Strategic Layout
- 3.6 China's Overseas Swapping Solutions
- Overseas Swapping Network for Passenger Cars/Heavy Trucks
- Overseas Standards/Patents
- Project Case: NIO's Swapping Station + Direct Operation System + Service Model
- Product Case: Overseas QIJI Energy of CATL X Octopus Energy
- 3.7 Pile-Side Supercharging system
- Definition of Ultra-High Power (Supercharging)
- Traditional Fast Charging Pile VS Novel Supercharging Pile
- Core Component of DC Charging Pile: Charging Pile Module
- Mainstream Thermal Management Methods
- 3.8 Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Integrated Station Solution
- Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Integrated Station Solution
- Solution Advantages
- Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging System Collaboration
- Charging Solutions
- Policies/Standards (1)
- Policies/Standards (2)
- Subsidy Policies and Business Models
- Investment Budget for Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging-Inspection-Swap Integration Project
- Estimation of Income from Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging-Inspection-Swap Integration Project
- Typical Project Cost Analysis
- 3.9 Photovoltaic-Storage Supercharging Solution
- Photovoltaic-Storage Supercharging Solution is the High-Power Advanced Version of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Integration Solution
- Component Modules
- Project Equipment Participants
- Cost Breakdown of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Supercharging Station (1)
- Cost Breakdown of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Supercharging Station (2)
- Cost Breakdown of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Supercharging Station (3)
- Cost Breakdown of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Supercharging Station (4)
- From Demonstration to Mass Application
- Typical Project Cases (1)
- Typical Project Cases (2)
- Project Cases (1)
- Project Cases (2)
- Project Cases (3)
- Project Cases (4)
- Huawei's DC Stack Solution
- Development Trends, 2026-2030E
- 3.10 Megawatt Charging
- Core Principle: High Voltage
- Core Principle: High Current and Low Internal Resistance Battery
- Core Principle: Storage-Charging Integration and Grid Interaction/Communication Protocol
- Three-Level (Vehicle/Pile/Gun) Heat Dissipation Architecture
- Liquid Cooling of Megawatt Charging
- Vehicle/Pile/Gun Heat Dissipation Systems of Typical Vendors
- New Communication Requirements for Two-Way Interaction between Megawatt Charging and V2G (2026)
- Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging VS Passenger Car Megawatt Charging
- Summary of Products and Core Technologies of Major Suppliers (1)
- Summary of Products and Core Technologies of Major Suppliers (2)
- 3.11 Passenger Car Megawatt Charging
- From Technological Breakthrough to Large-Scale Popularization
- Production Vehicle Models
- Comparison of Core Parameters and Technical Solutions of Passenger Car Megawatt Charging Piles
- Product Case: BYD's MW Flash Charging Pile
- Product Case: ZEEKR's 1.2MW Fully Liquid-Cooled Charging Pile
- Product Case: Dongfeng's First 1.2MW Independent High-Power Charging Product
- Product Application: China Southern Power Grid's Megawatt Supercharging Pile
- 3.12 Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging
- Megawatt Charging System (MCS)
- MCS V2.4~V3.2
- Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging Standards
- Comparison of Core Parameters and Technical Solutions of Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging Piles (1)
- Comparison of Core Parameters and Technical Solutions of Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging Piles (2)
- Application Case: Huawei's Fully Liquid-Cooled Megawatt Supercharging Solution
- Application Case: Yingtong Zhilian Digital Technology's Megawatt Charging Solution
- 3.13 Safety Requirements for Charging and Swapping Facilities
- Lightning-Protection and Earthing Requirements (1)
- Lightning-Protection and Earthing Requirements (2)
- Mandatory Requirements for AC Charging Pile RCD
- Mandatory Energy Efficiency Requirements for Power Supply Equipment
4 Development and Trends of Supercharging Battery System
- 4.1 High-performance Supercharging Battery Development Route
- Supercharging System Puts forward All-Round and Cross-Dimensional Requirements for Power Batteries
- Ordinary Rechargeable Battery VS High-Performance Supercharging Battery
- China's 4C+ Supercharging Battery Market size and Competition Landscape, 2030E
- China's 4C+ Supercharging Battery Market size by Technical Route
- Comparison of Cycle Life of Sodium-Ion/Lfp/Ternary Batteries in 5C Supercharging
- Technical Route Comparison of Two Battery Giants
- Supercharging Battery Material Classification
- 4.2 6C Supercharging Battery
- Key Technology Breakthrough Points of Supercharging Batteries
- The Marginal Benefits of 6C+ Are Diminishing, and the Balance Between Cost and Performance Becomes The Key
- Product Suppliers and Technical Parameters
- 6C Supercharging Battery Case: SVOLT Energy's Hybrid Solid-Liquid 6C Supercharging Cell
- 6C Supercharging Battery Case: CALB's Top-Notch "All-Round" Cylinder
- 6C Supercharging Vehicle Models Launched/Mass-Produced
- 4.3 Supercharging Battery Technology Route - Fifth-Generation LiFePO4 Battery
- Fifth-Generation LiFePO4 Battery
- Powder Compacted Density
- Product Parameters and Technical Plans of Major Suppliers (1)
- Product Parameters and Technical Plans of Major Suppliers (2)
- 8C Supercharging Battery Case
- 12C Supercharging Battery Case (1)
- 12C Supercharging Battery Case (2)
- 4.4 Supercharging Battery Technology Route - LMFP Battery
- Technological Development Advantages/Disadvantages
- Process Route
- Process Route: Technical Differences
- Supercharging Batteries: Typical Product Technology Comparison
- Supercharging Battery: BYD's Second-Generation Blade Battery (LMFP)
- Supercharging Battery: CATL M3P
- Supercharging Battery: Gotion Hi-Tech's Third-Generation Qichen
- 4.5 Supercharging Battery Technology Route - Sodium-Ion Battery
- Status Quo and Key Suppliers
- 4.6 High-performance Supercharging Battery - Lithium-Air Battery
- Lithium-Air Battery (Li-O2 Battery)
- Working Principle
- Comparison of Four Routes (1)
- Comparison of Four Routes (2)
- Research Focus and Breakthrough Directions
- Key Technological Breakthroughs, 2025-2026
- 4.7 CATL
- Supercharging Battery Technology Iteration/Product Parameters (1)
- Supercharging Battery Technology Iteration/Product Parameters (2)
- ShenXing Series: First/Second/Third-Generation Products
- ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery
- ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery Disassembly (1)
- ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery Disassembly (2)
- ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery Disassembly (3)
- ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery Disassembly (7)
- Qilin Series: First/Second/Third-Generation Products (1)
- Qilin Series: First/Second/Third-Generation Products (2)
- Qilin Series: Third-Generation Qilin Battery
- Freevoy Series: First/Second-Generation Products
- Freevoy Series: Second-Generation Freevoy Super Hybrid Battery
- Choco-SEB Battery
- Choco-SEB Station Specifications
- Supercharging-Swapping Integrated Solution and Construction Planning
- Choco-SEB Station Construction Planning
- 4.8 SEVB
- Supercharging Battery Iteration and Product Platform (1)
- Supercharging Battery Iteration and Product Platform (2)
- Supercharging Battery Product Line
- LFP Battery: Xinxingchi Product Line
- LFP Battery: Xinxingchi 2.0
- LFP Battery: Instillation of Xinxingchi in Vehicles
- NCM Battery: Xinxingyao Product Line
- NCM battery: Xinxingyao Supercharging Battery 2.0
- Cylindrical Battery: Xinxinghuan Product Line
- Cylindrical Battery: Mass Production of Xinxinghuan
5 Supercharging System Energy Trading - V2X/System-Level Aggregation Coordination/Grid Support, etc.
- 5.1 Energy Interaction Solution for Automotive Supercharging System
- Development Stages of Functional Models
- Panorama of Energy Interaction Patterns
- Automotive Supercharging System Energy Interaction System - Evolution
- 5.2 Supercharging Energy Trading - Managed Charging (V1G)
- V2G First Lays out Managed Charging
- Working Principle
- System Architecture
- Communication Protocols and Standard Systems
- Application Scenarios
- AI-Driven New Trends in 2026
- V1G vs V2G
- 5.3 Supercharging Energy Trading - Point-To-Point Energy Flow (V2X)
- Point-To-Point Energy Flow (V2X)
- Relationship
- Core Protocols/Standards (1)
- Core Protocols/Standards (2)
- Bidirectional OBC Supports V2X Applications
- Position of V2X in Supercharging System
- V2L: Scenario Power
- V2L: Vehicle Model Layout
- V2V: Scenario Power and Vehicle Model Layout
- V2H: Scenario Power and Layout
- V2B: Scenario Power and Layout
- V2G: Scenario Power and Layout
- V2G: Supercharging System Policy Support
- V2G: Revenue Sharing
- V2G: China's V2G Development Roadmap
- V2G: Industrial Chain
- 5.4 Supercharging Energy Trading - Grid-Forming Supercharging
- Grid-Forming Supercharging
- Architecture Composition
- Grid-Forming Supercharging Station System Architecture
- Grid-Forming Storage/Supercharging Standard System (1)
- Grid-Forming Storage/Supercharging Standard System (2)
- Grid-Forming VS Grid-Following
- Scenarios and Trends (1)
- Scenarios and Trends (2)
- State Grid's Grid-Forming Supercharging Station Application Case (1)
- State Grid's Grid-Forming Supercharging Station Application Case (2)
- Chery's "Volt-dragon Charger" Grid-Forming Supercharging System
- Project Case: Huawei's Grid-Forming Storage and Charging Solution (1)
- Project Case: Huawei's Grid-Forming Storage and Charging Solution (2)
- Project Case: Huawei's Grid-Forming Storage and Charging Solution (3)
- Project Case: Huawei's Grid-Forming Storage and Charging Solution (4)
- Corporate Grid-Forming Technologies and Products
- 5.5 Supercharging Energy Trading - VPP
- Development Advantages
- Positioning in the Energy Internet
- Core Functions
- Policies and Standard Systems (1)
- Policies and Standard Systems (2)
- "Guidance on Accelerating the Development of VPPs"
- GB/T 47241-2026 Technical Guidelines for Virtual Power Plant
- Operation Modes
- Market Potential
- VPPs - Typical Platforms and Cases
- Role in Supercharging Stations
- VPP Projects Adopted by Supercharging Stations (1)
- VPP Projects Adopted by Supercharging Stations (2)
- Development Planning
- 5.6 Supercharging Energy Trading - Energy Management/Trusteeship
- Energy Management/Trusteeship
- Relationship with V2G/Supercharging System
- Supercharging System Cases
- 5.7 Supercharging Energy Trading - Microgrid/V2mG
- Microgrid/V2mG
- Technical Architecture
- DC Microgrid/V2mG
- Typical Application Scenarios and Cases of DC Microgrid/V2mG
- DC Microgrid/V2mG of Supercharging Stations
- Application Cases in Supercharging Stations
- Technology Development Trends, 2026-2030E
- 5.8 Supercharging Energy Trading - Autonomous Driving Self-Scheduling
- Autonomous Driving Self-Scheduling
- Autonomous Decision-Making Closed-Loop Technology Development Path
- Five-Layer (Vehicle, Pile, Station, Cloud, Grid) Collaboration
- Fleet-level AI Scheduling (SAEV Optimization Framework)
- Automatic Recharging: Technical Route
- Automatic Recharging: Product Matrix of Representative Enterprises
6 Layout of Main OEMs in Charging & Swapping Facilities and Supercharging Batteries
- 6.1 BYD
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- High-Voltage Architecture: Super e-Platform
- Megawatt Flash Charging: Super e-Platform+ Megawatt Flash Charging Technology
- Megawatt Flash Charging System
- Megawatt Flash Charging: Flash Charging Stations/Piles
- Megawatt Flash Charging: Flash Charging Station Network Construction Partners/Supply Chain
- Megawatt Flash Charging: Flash Charging Station Charging Network and Co-Operators
- Supercharging: Full-Domain Smart Fast Charging Technology Cluster (1)
- Supercharging: Full-Domain Smart Fast Charging Technology Cluster (2)
- Supercharging: Full-Domain Smart Fast Charging Technology Cluster (3)
- Supercharging Battery: First-Generation Blade Battery VS Second-Generation Blade Battery (1)
- Supercharging Battery: First-Generation Blade Battery VS Second-Generation Blade Battery (2)
- Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery (1)
- Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery (2)
- Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery (3)
- Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery - Vehicle Models Supported
- Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery - Supply Chain (1)
- Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery - Supply Chain (2)
- 1500V Automotive-Grade SiC Power Chips
- Portable Charging Equipment
- 6.2 Geely Group
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Haohan Energy (Zhejiang Haohan Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)
- Gold Brick Battery Technology by Generation
- Next-generation Aegis Gold Brick Battery
- ZEEKR Haohan Energy Charging Pile: V1/V2/V3/V4 Charging Piles
- ZEEKR Haohan Energy Extremely Fast Charging Pile: ZEEKR V4 (Megawatt)
- ZEEKR Haohan Energy Extremely Fast Charging Pile: ZEEKR V3
- VREMT's HPC/GPC Supercharging Platform for External Supply (1)
- VREMT's HPC/GPC Supercharging Platform for External Supply (2)
- Swap Station Construction
- Home Charging Pile
- 6.3 Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Supercharging Station Operation Models
- Huawei's Passenger Car Megawatt Flash Charging Solution (1)
- Huawei's Passenger Car Megawatt Flash Charging Solution (2)
- Huawei's Passenger Car Megawatt Flash Charging Solution (3)
- Huawei's Heavy Truck Megawatt Supercharging Solution (1)
- Huawei's Heavy Truck Megawatt Supercharging Solution (2)
- Huawei's Heavy Truck Megawatt Supercharging Solution (3)
- 6.4 Chery
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Supercharging Battery: Rhino Battery
- Supercharging Battery: Rhino Battery H Series/E Series
- Supercharging Battery: Rhino Battery S Series
- Supercharging Battery: Rhino Battery Safety
- Supercharging-supported Recharging Solution
- Supercharging Station: Volt-dragon Charger
- V2G
- Energy Magic Cube: Six-in-one Smart Energy System (Vehicle/Storage/Charging/Grid/Cloud/Carbon)
- 6.5 Great Wall Motor (GWM)
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Guiyuan Platform
- GWM-ONE Platform: Powertrain Route
- GWM-ONE Platform: Vehicle Model Planning
- GWM-ONE Platform: Super Hi4 800V+6C of WEY V9X
- Self-operated Supercharging Stations
- Recharging Network Ecosystem Cooperation
- Overseas Self-Built Supercharging Piles
- 6.6 GAC Group
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- GAC Super Extended Range System Supports 5C Supercharging
- Greater Bay Technology's Supercharging Battery
26 Energy Action Strategy
- High-Power All-Scenario Charging Solution
- Self-Operated Supercharging Station/Pile Construction Planning
- Supercharging Pile Matrix
- Megawatt Solution: Passenger Car VS Commercial Vehicle
- 960kW MW DC Pile Solution
- 480kW DC Pile Solution
- 6.7 Dongfeng Motor Corporation
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Dongfeng's Self-Developed Megawatt Supercharging Pile
- Voyah Power's 168 Energy Solutions and Planning
- Voyah's Self-Operated Smart Supercharging Station/Pile
- VP1000 Megawatt Supercharging Pile
- Voyah Smart Charging Robot
- Supercharging Battery Development Planning
- 4C Supercharging Battery: 120Ah DF-SUNWODA
- 5C Supercharging Battery: Voyah Amber Battery System 2.0 (1)
- 5C Supercharging Battery: Voyah Amber Battery System 2.0 (2)
- Megawatt Supercharging Stations of Dongfeng Trucks
- Dongfeng Motor's V2G Zero-Carbon Super Stations
- 6.8 Changan Automobile
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (1)
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (2)
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (3)
- Supercharging System Construction Path
- Avatr: Co-Construction with BP + Huawei Supercharging Alliance
- Deepal: Self-built Stations along China National Highway 318 + NIO Interoperability
- Swapping: NIO + CATL
- 6.9 BAIC
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Arcfox's Self-Operated Supercharging Stations
- Supercharging-Swapping Integrated Recharging Network Construction
- Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Supercharging
- 6.10 SAIC Motor
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Jieneng's Intelligent Battery Swapping Stations
- 6.11 FAW Hongqi
- 12C Supercharging Battery (1)
- 12C Supercharging Battery (2)
- 6.12 Tesla
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Supercharger Technology Iteration and Suppliers
- V3/V4 Charging Pile
- V4 Super Charging Pile
- V4 Supercharger: Technical Parameters
- Supercharging Battery: 4680 Large Cylinder (NCM + Silicon-based Anode)
- Mobile Charging and Automatic Charging Services
- Home Charging Piles
- 6.13 NIO
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (1)
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (2)
- NIO Power (1)
- NIO Power (2)
- Charging and Swapping Network
- BaaS Model
- First/Second/Third/Fourth/Fifth-Generation Swap Stations
- Fifth-Generation Swap Station
- RGV Patented Swap Platform
- V2G
- V2G: V2G Swap Station
- VPP (1)
- VPP (2)
- 640kW Fully Liquid-Cooled Supercharging Pile
- Charging Vehicles
- Home Charging Piles
- 6.14 XPeng
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- S4 Superfast Charging Vs S5 Superfast Charging
- Supercharging Station Layout
- Supercharging Station: S5 Supercharging
- Supercharging Station: S4 Supercharging
- Supercharging Battery: Technology Planning
- Supercharging Battery: Core Suppliers in 2026
- Supercharging Battery: Solid-State Battery Automotive-Grade Verification (1)
- Supercharging Battery: Solid-State Battery Automotive-Grade Verification (2)
- 6.15 Li Auto
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Supercharging Network Construction
- Supercharging Station: Station Configuration
- 5C Supercharging Pile
- 4C Supercharging Pile
- 6.16 Xiaomi Auto
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Supercharging Station Construction
- Supercharging Battery: 4C-5.2C Battery Pack
- Supercharging Battery: 4C-5.2C Battery Pack Thermal Management System
- Charging Interconnection
- Home Charging Piles
- Home Charging Robotic Arms
- 6.17 Leapmotor
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- LEAP 3.5
- CTC 2.0
- 6.18 SAIC-GM-Wuling
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- 6C Supercharging Battery: Shenlian Battery 4.0
- 6C Supercharging Battery: Shenlian Battery M
- 6.19 Volkswagen
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- CAMS Liquid-Cooled Supercharging Pile + V1G
- 6.20 BMW
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- BMW Brand's Own Supercharging Stations
- Ionchi's Supercharging network
- Automatic Charging Robots
- 6.21 Daimler
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- MMA Platform
- MB.EA Platform
- Self-Operated Brand Supercharging Stations
- Public Charging Network
- 6.22 Volvo
- Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
- Premium Charging Stations
