첨단 화학적 재활용 시장(2027-2040년)

The advanced (chemical) recycling market converts plastic waste that mechanical recycling cannot process into hydrocarbon feedstocks and monomers for the production of new plastics, fuels and chemicals. Its core purpose is to address the mixed, contaminated and multi-layer waste streams - mixed polyolefins, flexible and metallised films, carbon-black-pigmented plastics, textile blends and food-contaminated material - that make up the majority of plastic waste by tonnage and that are otherwise incinerated, landfilled or exported.

The market is built on four principal technology families: pyrolysis, which dominates by capacity and produces an oil substitutable for fossil naphtha in steam cracking; gasification, which tolerates contamination and yields syngas, methanol and hydrogen; depolymerisation, which is polymer-specific and yields recycled monomers such as rPET, rMMA and recycled nylon; and dissolution, which recovers purified polymer. Output products range from pyrolysis oil and synthetic naphtha through recycled monomers, syngas and recovered carbon black to mass-balance-attributed circular polymers.

Demand is regulatory in origin rather than economic. Recycled feedstock is not cheaper than fossil feedstock; what creates the market is the obligation to incorporate recycled content under the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, the Single-Use Plastics Directive, the End-of-Life Vehicles framework, United States state legislation and Asian mandates. Because polyolefin packaging has no mechanical route to food-contact quality at scale, meeting these mandates requires advanced recycling.

The market is capital-intensive, technically demanding and marked by a wide gap between announced and operating capacity, with listed global capacity of around 6 million tonnes per year against operating capacity nearer 1.4 million. The end-2025 EU decision adopting the fuel-use excluded mass balance method resolved the principal investment uncertainty, but a wave of project failures and delays through 2024–2026 confirmed that construction, feedstock and commissioning risks remain acute. The sector also faces sustained NGO opposition over emissions, energy use and yields, making regulatory recognition, certification and buyer qualification the decisive commercial variables.

The Global Advanced Recycling Market 2027-2040 is a comprehensive market analysis of the technologies, output products, players and demand drivers converting hard-to-recycle plastic waste into circular feedstocks. It provides a data-led assessment of a market at an inflection point, where the arrival of EU regulatory certainty on mass balance accounting meets a hard reality of project failures, delays and a fourfold gap between announced and operating capacity. The report quantifies the market by technology (pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerisation, dissolution and emerging routes), by output product (pyrolysis oil and synthetic naphtha, recycled monomers, syngas and methanol, recovered carbon black and circular polymers), by end-use sector and by region, with forecasts to 2040 presented as ranges bounded by nameplate and realisation-adjusted capacity. It analyses supply-side trends including the producer landscape, feedstock availability and pricing, and the announced-versus-operating capacity gap, alongside demand and customer trends covering who buys pyrolysis oil, offtake agreements, buyer qualification and willingness to pay.

Dedicated chapters address the global regulatory landscape, including the 2025 EU fuel-use excluded Implementing Decision, PPWR, US state legislation and Asian mandates; mass balance and certification; the sustainability and LCA debate; pricing, including the decoupling of pyrolysis oil from fossil naphtha; and the 2024–2026 investment shakeout, consolidation and project attrition. It profiles the companies active across the value chain, from independent technology developers to integrated petrochemical majors, and includes detailed plant-level capacity data.

The report is intended for producers, technology licensors, petrochemical and refining companies, brand owners, investors and policymakers requiring a rigorous, current and commercially grounded view of the market. It draws on plant-level databases, company disclosures, regulatory instruments and price assessments, distinguishing announced intentions from demonstrated operation throughout.

Contents include:

• Executive summary
• Classification of recycling technologies
• Research methodology
• Introduction: plastics production, waste, pollution, the circular economy, and mechanical versus advanced recycling
• The advanced chemical recycling market: drivers, restraints, capacities, and market sizing by technology, output product, end-use sector and region
• Plastic waste feedstock: availability, gate fees and pricing, quality and yield
• Global regulatory landscape: EU PPWR and SUPD, the 2025 fuel-use excluded mass balance decision, US state law, Asia and rest of world
• Mass balance and chain-of-custody certification
• Sustainability, LCA and the chemical recycling debate
• Investment, funding, M&A and the announced-versus-operating capacity gap
• Competitive landscape and market shares
• The pyrolysis oil (PPO) market: value chain, specification and quality, supply, demand and customers, certification, pricing, forecasts and substitution
• Advanced recycling technologies: pyrolysis, gasification, dissolution, depolymerisation, and emerging and commercialising routes
• Materials analysis and end-product analysis: chemical feedstocks, fuels, recycled monomers, syngas and methanol, recovered carbon black and circular polymers
• 200 Company profiles. Companies profiled include Accurec Recycling, Aduro Clean Technologies, Advanced Plastic Purification International (APPI), Aeternal Upcycling, Agilyx, Alpha Recyclage Composites, Alterra Energy, Ambercycle, Anellotech, Anhui Oursun Resource Technology, APChemi, Aquafil, ARCUS Greencycling, Arkema, Axens, BASF, Bcircular, BioBTX, Biofabrik Technologies, Blest (Microengineer), Blue Cycle, BlueAlp Technology, Borealis, Boston Materials, Braven Environmental, Breaking, Brightmark, Cadel Deinking, Carbios, Carboliq, Carbon Fiber Recycling, Cassandra Oil, CIRC, China Tianying, Chevron Phillips Chemical, Clariter, Clean Energy Enterprises, Clean Planet Energy, Corsair Group International, Covestro, CreaCycle, CuRe Technology, Cyclic Materials, Cyclize, DeepTech Recycling, DePoly, DOPS Recycling Technology, Dow Chemical Company, DyeRecycle, Descycle, Eastman Chemical Company, Eco Fuel Technology, Ecopek, Ecoplasteam, ECO RnS, Eeden, Emery Oleochemicals, Encina Development Group, Endolys, Enerkem, Enespa, Enval, Environmental Solutions (Asia), Epoch Biodesign, Equipolymers, Evonik Industries, Evrnu, Extracthive, ExxonMobil, Fairmat, Fulcrum BioEnergy, Futerro, Freepoint Eco-Systems, Fych Technologies, Garbo, Greenback Recycling Technologies, GreenMantra Technologies, Greyparrot, Gr3n, Handerek Technologies, Hanwha Solutions, Honeywell, Hyundai Chemical, Indaver, InEnTec, INEOS Styrolution, Infinited Fiber Company, Ioncell, Ioniqa Technologies, Itero Technologies, Jeplan, JFE Chemical, Kaneka, Khepra, Klean Industries, Lanzatech, Licella, Loop Industries, LOTTE Chemical, Lummus Technology, LyondellBasell, MacroCycle Technologies, Metaspectral, METYCLE and more...
• Pyrolysis oil producer and buyer directory
• Glossary and references

Table of Contents

1 CLASSIFICATION OF RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 3.1 Market context
• 3.2 The defining tension of 2024 to mid-2026
• 3.3 Supply, demand and pricing
• 3.4 Chemical recycling industry shakeout
• 3.5 Technology diversification
• 3.6 The sustainability debate
• 3.7 Outlook

4 INTRODUCTION

• 4.1 Global production of plastics
• 4.2 The importance of plastic
• 4.3 Issues with plastics use
• 4.4 Bio-based or renewable plastics
  • 4.4.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics
  • 4.4.2 Novel bio-based plastics
• 4.5 Biodegradable and compostable plastics
  • 4.5.1 Biodegradability
  • 4.5.2 Compostability
• 4.6 Plastic pollution
• 4.7 Policy and regulations
• 4.8 The circular economy
• 4.9 Plastic recycling
  • 4.9.1 Mechanical recycling
    • 4.9.1.1 Closed-loop mechanical recycling
    • 4.9.1.2 Open-loop mechanical recycling
    • 4.9.1.3 Polymer types, use, and recovery
  • 4.9.2 Advanced recycling (molecular recycling, chemical recycling)
    • 4.9.2.1 Main streams of plastic waste
    • 4.9.2.2 Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling
• 4.10 Life cycle assessment
• 4.11 Chemical versus mechanical recycling: complementarity and competition
• 4.12 The role of advanced recycling in meeting recycled-content mandates

5 THE ADVANCED CHEMICAL RECYCLING MARKET

• 5.1 Market drivers and trends
  • 5.1.1 Growing Environmental Concerns
  • 5.1.2 Stringent Regulatory Policies
  • 5.1.3 Corporate Sustainability Initiatives
  • 5.1.4 Technological Advancements
  • 5.1.5 Circular Economy Adoption
• 5.2 Market Challenges and Restraints
  • 5.2.1 High Initial Investment Costs
  • 5.2.2 Technical Challenges
  • 5.2.3 Infrastructure Limitations
  • 5.2.4 Technological Barriers
  • 5.2.5 Supply Chain Complexities
  • 5.2.6 Cost Competitiveness
• 5.3 Capacities
• 5.4 Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology
  • 5.4.1 PE
  • 5.4.2 PP
  • 5.4.3 PET
  • 5.4.4 PS
  • 5.4.5 Nylon
  • 5.4.6 PMMA
  • 5.4.7 Others
• 5.5 Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology, by region
  • 5.5.1 Europe
  • 5.5.2 North America
  • 5.5.3 South America
  • 5.5.4 Asia
  • 5.5.5 Oceania
  • 5.5.6 Africa
• 5.6 Chemically recycled plastic products
• 5.7 Market map
• 5.8 Value chain
• 5.9 Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of advanced chemical recycling processes
  • 5.9.1 PE
  • 5.9.2 PP
  • 5.9.3 PET
• 5.10 Recycled plastic yield and cost
  • 5.10.1 Plastic yield of each chemical recycling technologies
  • 5.10.2 Prices
• 5.11 Plastic waste feedstock supply and pricing
  • 5.11.1 Feedstock availability by region 2025-2040
  • 5.11.2 Gate fees, feedstock pricing and sorting costs
  • 5.11.3 Feedstock quality and its effect on downstream oil yield
• 5.12 Market size and forecast by recycling technology 2025-2040
• 5.13 Market size and forecast by output product 2025-2040
• 5.14 Market size and forecast by end-use sector 2025-2040
• 5.15 Regional market analysis 2025-2040
• 5.16 Global regulatory landscape for advanced chemical recycling
  • 5.16.1 EU: PPWR, SUPD and the Waste Framework Directive
  • 5.16.2 EU mass balance Implementing Decision and the fuel-exempt method
  • 5.16.3 EU End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation
  • 5.16.4 United States: state legislation and EPA
  • 5.16.5 Asia: Japan, South Korea and China
  • 5.16.6 Rest of World and international harmonisation
• 5.17 Mass balance and chain-of-custody certification across the sector
  • 5.17.1 ISCC PLUS, RSB and REDcert
  • 5.17.2 Attribution models compared
  • 5.17.3 Certification as a driver of buyer access and price
• 5.18 Sustainability, LCA and the chemical recycling debate
  • 5.18.1 Energy use, yields and greenhouse gas emissions
  • 5.18.2 The recycling-versus-recovery debate and NGO criticism
  • 5.18.3 Toxic byproducts, permitting and community opposition
  • 5.18.4 Industry responses and third-party LCA evidence
• 5.19 Investment, funding and M&A landscape 2024-2026
  • 5.19.1 Capital flows and project finance
  • 5.19.2 The 2024-2025 investment slowdown and its causes
  • 5.19.3 Consolidation, M&A and vertical integration
  • 5.19.4 Announced versus FID-approved versus operational capacity
• 5.20 Competitive landscape and market shares
  • 5.20.1 Leading players by technology
  • 5.20.2 Market concentration and producer shares
  • 5.20.3 Brand owner and petrochemical major commitments

6 ADVANCED (CHEMICAL OR FEEDSTOCK) RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES

• 6.1 Applications
• 6.2 Pyrolysis
  • 6.2.1 Non-catalytic
  • 6.2.2 Catalytic
    • 6.2.2.1 Polystyrene pyrolysis
    • 6.2.2.2 Pyrolysis for production of bio fuel
    • 6.2.2.3 Used tires pyrolysis
      • 6.2.2.3.1 Conversion to biofuel
    • 6.2.2.4 Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes
  • 6.2.3 SWOT analysis
  • 6.2.4 Companies and capacities
  • 6.2.5 Pyrolysis oil yields by feedstock and reactor type
  • 6.2.6 Technology licensors and PPO output specifications
• 6.3 Technology commercialisation and recent advances 2024-2026
  • 6.3.1 Commercial depolymerisation scale-up
  • 6.3.2 Gasification-to-methanol commercial routes
  • 6.3.3 Microwave-assisted and supercritical pyrolysis
  • 6.3.4 Catalytic pyrolysis and yield-improvement advances
• 6.4 Gasification
  • 6.4.1 Technology overview
    • 6.4.1.1 Syngas conversion to methanol
    • 6.4.1.2 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
    • 6.4.1.3 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
  • 6.4.2 SWOT analysis
  • 6.4.3 Companies and capacities (current and planned)
• 6.5 Dissolution
  • 6.5.1 Technology overview
  • 6.5.2 SWOT analysis
  • 6.5.3 Companies and capacities (current and planned)
• 6.6 Depolymerisation
  • 6.6.1 Hydrolysis
    • 6.6.1.1 Technology overview
    • 6.6.1.2 SWOT analysis
  • 6.6.2 Enzymolysis
    • 6.6.2.1 Technology overview
    • 6.6.2.2 SWOT analysis
  • 6.6.3 Methanolysis
    • 6.6.3.1 Technology overview
    • 6.6.3.2 SWOT analysis
  • 6.6.4 Glycolysis
    • 6.6.4.1 Technology overview
    • 6.6.4.2 SWOT analysis
  • 6.6.5 Aminolysis
    • 6.6.5.1 Technology overview
    • 6.6.5.2 SWOT analysis
  • 6.6.6 Companies and capacities (current and planned)
• 6.7 Other advanced chemical recycling technologies
  • 6.7.1 Hydrothermal cracking
  • 6.7.2 Pyrolysis with in-line reforming
  • 6.7.3 Microwave-assisted pyrolysis
  • 6.7.4 Plasma pyrolysis
  • 6.7.5 Plasma gasification
  • 6.7.6 Supercritical fluids
  • 6.7.7 Carbon fiber recycling
    • 6.7.7.1 Processes
    • 6.7.7.2 Companies
• 6.8 Advanced recycling of thermoset materials
  • 6.8.1 Thermal recycling
    • 6.8.1.1 Energy Recovery Combustion
    • 6.8.1.2 Anaerobic Digestion
    • 6.8.1.3 Pyrolysis Processing
    • 6.8.1.4 Microwave Pyrolysis
  • 6.8.2 Solvolysis
  • 6.8.3 Catalyzed Glycolysis
  • 6.8.4 Alcoholysis and Hydrolysis
  • 6.8.5 Ionic liquids
  • 6.8.6 Supercritical fluids
  • 6.8.7 Plasma
  • 6.8.8 Companies
• 6.9 Comparison with Traditional Recycling Methods
  • 6.9.1 Mechanical Recycling Limitations
  • 6.9.2 Energy Efficiency Comparison
  • 6.9.3 Quality of Output Comparison
  • 6.9.4 Cost Analysis
• 6.10 Environmental Impact Assessment
  • 6.10.1 Carbon Footprint Analysis
  • 6.10.2 Energy Consumption Assessment
  • 6.10.3 Waste Reduction Potential
    • 6.10.3.1 Wastewater
    • 6.10.3.2 Atmospheric Emissions
    • 6.10.3.3 Catalyst and Media Waste
    • 6.10.3.4 Maintenance and Cleaning Waste
    • 6.10.3.5 Waste Management Approaches
    • 6.10.3.6 Regulatory Considerations and Classification
    • 6.10.3.7 Comparative Waste Production
    • 6.10.3.8 Environmental Impact and Future Directions
  • 6.10.4 Sustainability Metrics
• 6.11 Emerging Technologies
  • 6.11.1 AI and Machine Learning Applications
    • 6.11.1.1 Sorting Optimization
    • 6.11.1.2 Process Control
    • 6.11.1.3 Quality Prediction
    • 6.11.1.4 Maintenance Prediction
  • 6.11.2 Robotics in Sorting
    • 6.11.2.1 Vision Systems
    • 6.11.2.2 Picking Mechanisms
    • 6.11.2.3 Control Systems
    • 6.11.2.4 Integration Methods
  • 6.11.3 Novel Catalyst Development
    • 6.11.3.1 Nano-catalysts
    • 6.11.3.2 Bio-catalysts
    • 6.11.3.3 Hybrid Catalysts

7 THE PYROLYSIS OIL MARKET

• 7.1 Pyrolysis oil in the plastics and fuels value chain
  • 7.1.1 Definitions
  • 7.1.2 From waste plastic to synthetic naphtha
  • 7.1.3 PPO relative to fossil, bio- and e-naphtha
  • 7.1.4 Crude versus upgraded grades
• 7.2 PPO product specification and quality
  • 7.2.1 Typical composition, boiling range and distillation profile
  • 7.2.2 Contaminants
  • 7.2.3 Buyer specification requirements
  • 7.2.4 Upgrading and purification routes
  • 7.2.5 Emerging quality standards
  • 7.2.6 Quality as a barrier to offtake
• 7.3 PPO supply
  • 7.3.1 Global PPO production capacity
  • 7.3.2 Nameplate versus actual output
  • 7.3.3 Announced, under-construction and FID-approved capacity
  • 7.3.4 Supply by region
  • 7.3.5 Producer landscape and market shares
  • 7.3.6 Technology licensors and route to market
  • 7.3.7 Feedstock supply
  • 7.3.8 Project cancellations, delays and plant closures
  • 7.3.9 Supply-side risk assessment
  • 7.3.10 Supply-side outlook
• 7.4 PPO demand and customers
  • 7.4.1 Who buys pyrolysis oil — buyer typology
  • 7.4.2 Petrochemical producers and steam cracker operators
  • 7.4.3 Refiners and co-processing in FCC and hydrocrackers
  • 7.4.4 Synthetic naphtha and drop-in fuel producers
  • 7.4.5 Brand owners and converters as indirect demand drivers
  • 7.4.6 Carbon black producers and tyre pyrolysis oil buyers
  • 7.4.7 Offtake agreements, supply contracts and joint ventures
  • 7.4.8 Buyer qualification processes and purchasing criteria
  • 7.4.9 Willingness to pay and the green premium
  • 7.4.10 Unmet demand and buyer pipeline
  • 7.4.11 Demand-side trends and outlook
  • 7.4.12 Regional demand shift
• 7.5 Mass balance, certification and regulation applied to PPO
  • 7.5.1 Certification schemes
  • 7.5.2 Attribution models
  • 7.5.3 The 2025 EU mass balance Implementing Decision applied to PPO
  • 7.5.4 Impact on PPO economics and buyer access
• 7.6 PPO pricing
  • 7.6.1 Pricing mechanisms and benchmarks
  • 7.6.2 Historical price ranges 2020-2025
  • 7.6.3 Relationship to fossil naphtha, Brent and virgin polymer prices
  • 7.6.4 Published price indices and commodity intelligence
  • 7.6.5 Bio-attributed versus polymer-derived premiums
• 7.7 PPO market forecasts 2025-2040
  • 7.7.1 Global PPO production volumes 2025-2040
  • 7.7.2 PPO demand by end use 2025-2040
  • 7.7.3 PPO demand by region 2025-2040
  • 7.7.4 Synthetic naphtha output derived from PPO 2025-2040
  • 7.7.5 Market value forecast 2025-2040
• 7.8 Competitive and substitution landscape
  • 7.8.1 PPO versus bio-naphtha and e-naphtha
  • 7.8.2 PPO versus mechanically recycled resin
  • 7.8.3 SWOT analysis: PPO as a steam cracker feedstock
  • 7.8.4 Barriers to buyer adoption
  • 7.8.5 Depolymerisation scale-up as competing capacity
• 7.9 Market developments and investment climate 2024-2026
  • 7.9.1 The 2024-2025 demand slowdown
  • 7.9.2 The realisation gap
  • 7.9.3 Project delays, bankruptcies and closures
  • 7.9.4 Consolidation, M&A and vertical integration
  • 7.9.5 Investment sentiment and regulatory certainty
  • 7.9.6 What the 2025 EU decision changes for the pipeline
• 7.10 Pyrolysis Oil Producer and Buyer Directory
  • 7.10.1 PPO producers: capacity, technology, output specification and offtake status
  • 7.10.2 PPO buyers: contracted volumes, end use and certification status
  • 7.10.3 Producer-buyer contract matrix
  • 7.10.4 Synthetic naphtha producers sourcing PPO

8 MATERIALS ANALYSIS

• 8.1 Plastics
  • 8.1.1 Polyethylene (PE)
    • 8.1.1.1 HDPE Analysis
    • 8.1.1.2 LLDPE Analysis
    • 8.1.1.3 Recovery Methods
  • 8.1.2 Polypropylene (PP)
    • 8.1.2.1 Homopolymer
    • 8.1.2.2 Copolymer
    • 8.1.2.3 Processing Methods
    • 8.1.2.4 Quality Grades
  • 8.1.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
    • 8.1.3.1 Bottle Grade
    • 8.1.3.2 Fiber Grade
    • 8.1.3.3 Film Grade
    • 8.1.3.4 Recovery Technologies
  • 8.1.4 Polystyrene (PS)
    • 8.1.4.1 General Purpose PS
    • 8.1.4.2 High Impact PS
    • 8.1.4.3 Expanded PS
    • 8.1.4.4 Processing Methods
  • 8.1.5 Other Plastics
    • 8.1.5.1 PVC
    • 8.1.5.2 PC
    • 8.1.5.3 ABS
    • 8.1.5.4 Mixed Plastics
• 8.2 Metals
  • 8.2.1 Precious Metals
    • 8.2.1.1 Gold
    • 8.2.1.2 Silver
    • 8.2.1.3 Platinum Group Metals
    • 8.2.1.4 Recovery Methods
• 8.3 Base Metals
  • 8.3.1 Copper
  • 8.3.2 Aluminium
  • 8.3.3 Steel
  • 8.3.4 Processing Technologies
• 8.4 Rare Earth Elements
  • 8.4.1 Light REEs
  • 8.4.2 Heavy REEs
  • 8.4.3 Extraction Methods
• 8.5 Electronic Waste
  • 8.5.1 Circuit Boards
    • 8.5.1.1 PCB Types
    • 8.5.1.2 Component Separation
    • 8.5.1.3 Metal Recovery
    • 8.5.1.4 Waste Management
  • 8.5.2 Batteries
    • 8.5.2.1 Lithium-ion
    • 8.5.2.2 Lead-acid
    • 8.5.2.3 Nickel-based
    • 8.5.2.4 Recovery Processes
  • 8.5.3 Displays
    • 8.5.3.1 LCD
    • 8.5.3.2 LED
    • 8.5.3.3 OLED
    • 8.5.3.4 Material Recovery
  • 8.5.4 Other Components
    • 8.5.4.1 Capacitors
    • 8.5.4.2 Resistors
    • 8.5.4.3 Semiconductors
    • 8.5.4.4 Connectors
• 8.6 Textiles
  • 8.6.1 Natural Fibers
  • 8.6.2 Cotton
  • 8.6.3 Wool
  • 8.6.4 Silk
  • 8.6.5 Processing Methods
• 8.7 Synthetic Fibers
  • 8.7.1 Polyester
  • 8.7.2 Nylon
  • 8.7.3 Acrylic
  • 8.7.4 Recovery Technologies

9 END PRODUCT ANALYSIS

• 9.1 Chemical Feedstocks
  • 9.1.1 Monomers
  • 9.1.2 Oligomers
  • 9.1.3 Specialty Chemicals
  • 9.1.4 Pyrolysis oil (PPO) as a chemical feedstock
    • 9.1.4.1 Synthetic naphtha
    • 9.1.4.2 Synthetic naphtha and drop-in fuel blendstocks
• 9.2 Recycled monomers
• 9.3 Syngas, methanol and hydrogen
• 9.4 Recovered carbon black and waxes
• 9.5 Mass-balance-attributed circular polymers
• 9.6 Fuels
  • 9.6.1 Diesel
  • 9.6.2 Gasoline
  • 9.6.3 Synthetic Gas
• 9.7 Raw Materials
  • 9.7.1 Recycled Plastics
  • 9.7.2 Recovered Metals
  • 9.7.3 Other Materials
• 9.8 Energy Products
  • 9.8.1 Electricity
  • 9.8.2 Heat
  • 9.8.3 Biofuels

10 COMPANY PROFILES (200 company profiles)

11 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

12 REFERENCES