바이오수소 : 시장 점유율 분석, 업계 동향과 통계, 성장 예측(2026-2031년)

According to Mordor Intelligence, the bio hydrogen market size was estimated at USD 81.34 million in 2025 and is estimated to grow from USD 86.34 million in 2026 to USD 120.25 million by 2031, at a CAGR of 6.85% during the forecast period (2026-2031).

Global Bio Hydrogen Market Trends and Insights

Decarbonization of Hard-to-Abate Hydrogen Demand

The biohydrogen market benefits from pressure on steel, refining, cement, and ammonia producers to obtain verifiable low-carbon hydrogen. These sectors cannot fully rely on direct electrification, making the origin and emissions profile of hydrogen more commercially important. By early June 2026, 13 European Union member states had completed the transposition of the Renewable Energy Directive for transport. The resulting framework created demand for more than 575 kilotons per annum (ktpa) of low-emission hydrogen with documented sustainability attributes . Biomass gasification paired with carbon capture can meet negative-emissions requirements under CertifHy and support compliance with hydrogen quality standards under the ISO 19880 series. A UK assessment identified biomass gasification with carbon capture and storage as the most commercially advanced Hydrogen Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (H2BECCS) route, while hybrid gasification and solid oxide fuel cell systems achieved efficiencies of up to 55%.

Carbon capture changes the role of biogenic hydrogen within the biohydrogen market by enabling a certified negative-emissions product. This feature is relevant where buyers require documented sustainability attributes rather than only lower operational emissions. It also helps differentiate biogenic pathways from hydrogen produced through electrolysis when grid emissions remain material. The resulting premium is tied to traceability across feedstock collection, conversion, capture, and delivery. Developers therefore need to treat certification systems as part of project design rather than as an administrative step after production begins. This requirement favors projects that can document both the origin of the biomass and the emissions associated with each conversion stage.

Waste-Stream Valorization and Circular Hydrogen Production

Waste conversion supports the biohydrogen market by turning a disposal obligation into a potential production input. In May 2024, China reported annual agricultural, forestry, and urban organic waste output exceeding 3.5 billion tons. The reported utilization rate was below 14%, resulting in a substantial feedstock surplus for projects capable of collecting and processing these materials. Waste handlers can reduce disposal costs and exposure to landfill, while hydrogen producers can obtain feedstocks at low or negative cost. This structure can improve project economics in ways that a single growth rate does not capture. It also connects the biohydrogen market with circular economy policies and local waste-management obligations.

Food waste, municipal organic material, and agricultural residues differ in moisture content, contaminants, and handling requirements. These differences influence which biological or thermochemical route is appropriate at each site. Project economics improve when a single site can manage waste, produce hydrogen, and meet environmental obligations. Such projects require reliable collection systems and clear agreements with waste owners. Site-level projects can combine avoided waste-tipping fees with hydrogen sales and environmental compliance. This model is relevant where waste owners, municipalities, and hydrogen buyers can coordinate long-term contracts.

High Unit Production Cost and Low Hydrogen Yield

Production cost remains the most immediate restraint on the bio hydrogen market, especially for biological conversion pathways. Variable feedstock composition can limit yields and prevent the scale benefits available to large electrolysis and steam methane reforming facilities. A 2025 techno-economic analysis found that dark fermentation integrated with microbial electrolysis cells produced hydrogen at USD 17-30 per kg at a current density of 20 A/m2. Raising current density to 100 A/m2 reduced the modeled cost to USD 4-6.9 per kg. Higher current density also raises materials durability concerns that remain unresolved in commercial operation. Incentives can narrow the gap, but they do not eliminate technical and financial risks in unsupported locations.

Feedstock contaminants pose another limitation, as mixed organic material can inhibit biological processes and complicate plant operations. Agricultural and industrial waste streams may require sorting, pretreatment, or process controls before conversion. These requirements can raise capital and operating costs at smaller distributed sites. Technology selection must account for moisture content, chemical composition, and supply consistency. Carbon-credit or waste-fee revenue can improve the economics, but neither revenue stream removes the need for stable hydrogen yields. The bio hydrogen market will need operating models that manage feedstock quality as carefully as they manage hydrogen output.

Other drivers and restraints analyzed in the detailed report include:

1. Policy Incentives and Hydrogen Certification Demand
2. Fuel-Cell and Low-Carbon Fuel Adoption
3. Immature Storage, Distribution, and Offtake Infrastructure

For complete list of drivers and restraints, kindly check the Table Of Contents.

Segment Analysis

Biomass gasification held 35.80% of the bio hydrogen market share in 2025 and recorded the highest projected CAGR of 7.35% through 2031. This dual position reflects its established role and continued growth potential. Gasification can process solid lignocellulosic materials available across agricultural and forestry supply chains. It also aligns with carbon capture systems that can improve emissions performance. IEA Bioenergy Task 33 identified gasification as the pathway with the highest confidence in H2BECCS deployment projections through 2050. The assessment cited established global commercial operations, alongside the carbon-capture layer.

Complete Report Scope:

• By Production Technology
  • Biomass Gasification
  • Dark Fermentation
  • Photofermentation
  • Others
• By Feedstock
  • Agricultural Residues
  • Food and Organic Waste
  • Wastewater and Sewage Sludge
  • Others
• By Application
  • Transportation Fuel
  • Power Generation
  • Industrial Feedstock
  • Others
• By Geography
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • South Korea
    • ASEAN Countries
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • United Kingdom
    • France
    • Italy
    • NORDIC Countries
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle-East and Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • South Africa
    • Rest of Middle-East and Africa

Geography Analysis

Asia-Pacific held 29.71% of the bio hydrogen market share in 2025 and was projected to record the highest regional CAGR of 7.29% through 2031. The region benefits from extensive biomass availability, government commitments, and expanding fuel cell deployment. China's 15th Five-Year Plan identifies biogenic hydrogen as a strategic priority. A March 2026 notice from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission directed city-cluster investments toward diverse hydrogen end uses, specifically supporting bio hydrogen from agricultural and organic waste streams. India had 60 active hydrogen projects with an estimated combined investment of USD 105 billion, while early ammonia offtake agreements helped developers secure buyers.

Japan had issued contracts for difference supporting nearly 130 ktpa of low-emission hydrogen by late May 2026. South Korea is positioning itself as a bio hydrogen import hub for biomass-rich ASEAN economies. Thailand and Indonesia present a supporting case, as rice-straw pathways showed a 55-60% reduction in warming potential compared to fossil hydrogen. North America and Europe held the second- and third-largest regional shares, respectively. In the United States, Section 45V can support qualifying projects with verified lifecycle-emissions performance. Europe's policy influence is also channeled through hydrogen auction mechanisms and sustainability rules.

The European Hydrogen Bank's third auction awarded more than EUR 1 billion (USD 1.16 billion) to 9 projects across 7 European Economic Area countries, representing nearly 1.1 GW of capacity. South America, the Middle-East, and Africa remain earlier-stage regions within the bio hydrogen market. Brazil can leverage its ethanol infrastructure for on-site reforming, avoiding greenfield gasification investment. Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 program is driving upstream hydrogen investment that could incorporate biogenic feedstocks as waste frameworks develop. Regulatory differences and infrastructure shortages constrain near-term progress in the Middle-East and Africa, although future export corridors and EU certification requirements could create a longer-term role for these regions.

1. Air Liquide
2. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
3. Ballard Power Systems
4. Cummins Inc.
5. Enapter AG
6. ENGIE
7. Exxon Mobil Corporation
8. ITM Power plc
9. Linde PLC
10. McPhy Energy
11. Nel ASA
12. Plug Power Inc.
13. Shell plc
14. Siemens Energy
15. Sunfire SE

Additional Benefits:

• The market estimate (ME) sheet in Excel format
• 3 months of analyst support

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Study Assumptions and Market Definition
• 1.2 Scope of the Study

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Market Landscape

• 4.1 Market Overview
• 4.2 Market Drivers
  • 4.2.1 Decarbonization of Hard-to-Abate Hydrogen Demand
  • 4.2.2 Waste-Stream Valorization and Circular Hydrogen Production
  • 4.2.3 Policy Incentives and Hydrogen Certification Demand
  • 4.2.4 Fuel-Cell and Low-Carbon Fuel Adoption
  • 4.2.5 Integrated Biohydrogen With Carbon Capture and Co-Products
• 4.3 Market Restraints
  • 4.3.1 High Unit Production Cost and Low Hydrogen Yield
  • 4.3.2 Immature Storage, Distribution and Offtake Infrastructure
  • 4.3.3 Feedstock Contaminant Variability and Biological Process Inhibition
• 4.4 Value Chain Analysis
• 4.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • 4.5.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 4.5.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • 4.5.3 Threat of New Entrants
  • 4.5.4 Threat of Substitutes
  • 4.5.5 Competitive Rivalry

5 Market Size and Growth Forecasts (Value)

• 5.1 By Production Technology
  • 5.1.1 Biomass Gasification
  • 5.1.2 Dark Fermentation
  • 5.1.3 Photofermentation
  • 5.1.4 Others
• 5.2 By Feedstock
  • 5.2.1 Agricultural Residues
  • 5.2.2 Food and Organic Waste
  • 5.2.3 Wastewater and Sewage Sludge
  • 5.2.4 Others
• 5.3 By Application
  • 5.3.1 Transportation Fuel
  • 5.3.2 Power Generation
  • 5.3.3 Industrial Feedstock
  • 5.3.4 Others
• 5.4 By Geography
  • 5.4.1 Asia-Pacific
    • 5.4.1.1 China
    • 5.4.1.2 India
    • 5.4.1.3 Japan
    • 5.4.1.4 South Korea
    • 5.4.1.5 ASEAN Countries
    • 5.4.1.6 Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 5.4.2 North America
    • 5.4.2.1 United States
    • 5.4.2.2 Canada
    • 5.4.2.3 Mexico
  • 5.4.3 Europe
    • 5.4.3.1 Germany
    • 5.4.3.2 United Kingdom
    • 5.4.3.3 France
    • 5.4.3.4 Italy
    • 5.4.3.5 NORDIC Countries
    • 5.4.3.6 Russia
    • 5.4.3.7 Rest of Europe
  • 5.4.4 South America
    • 5.4.4.1 Brazil
    • 5.4.4.2 Argentina
    • 5.4.4.3 Rest of South America
  • 5.4.5 Middle-East and Africa
    • 5.4.5.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 5.4.5.2 South Africa
    • 5.4.5.3 Rest of Middle-East and Africa

6 Competitive Landscape

• 6.1 Market Concentration
• 6.2 Strategic Moves
• 6.3 Market Share (%)/Ranking Analysis
• 6.4 Company Profiles (includes Global Overview, Market Overview, Core Segments, Financials as available, Strategic Information, Products and Services, and Recent Developments)
  • 6.4.1 Air Liquide
  • 6.4.2 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
  • 6.4.3 Ballard Power Systems
  • 6.4.4 Cummins Inc.
  • 6.4.5 Enapter AG
  • 6.4.6 ENGIE
  • 6.4.7 Exxon Mobil Corporation
  • 6.4.8 ITM Power plc
  • 6.4.9 Linde PLC
  • 6.4.10 McPhy Energy
  • 6.4.11 Nel ASA
  • 6.4.12 Plug Power Inc.
  • 6.4.13 Shell plc
  • 6.4.14 Siemens Energy
  • 6.4.15 Sunfire SE

7 Market Opportunities and Future Outlook

• 7.1 White-Space and Unmet-Need Assessment