중앙 도메인 제어(파워트레인, 섀시, 보디) 및 모션 컨트롤러 시장(2026년)

Central Domain Control and Motion Control Research: XYZ Coordinated Control and Full X-by-Wire Actuation System

With the gradual penetration of L3+ autonomous driving, the chassis control system is accelerating its leap towards active intelligence.

The intelligent chassis control system is the core technology evolution of automobiles under the wave of electrification and intelligence. Through the deep integration of sensors, domain controllers and wire-controlled actuators, the traditional passively responsive mechanical chassis is upgraded to a "digital nervous system" that can actively perceive, intelligently make decisions, and enable precise collaborative control. Its core value lies in enabling a closed loop of "perception-decision-actuation", which is not only the key to improving driving comfort and maneuverability, but also an indispensable hardware cornerstone for realizing high-level autonomous driving (L3+).

Intelligent chassis technology is undergoing profound changes from traditional mechanical actuators to X-by-wire, full automation, and AI integration. From 2026 to 2028, Intelligent Chassis 3.0 gradually moves from test planning to mass production and application, and chassis technology leaps from passive response to active intelligence.

1. Three-axis (XYZ) six-degree-of-freedom collaborative control: The chassis system can achieve full X-by-wire and high coordination in the longitudinal (X-axis, drive/brake), transverse (Y-axis, steering) and vertical (Z-axis, suspension) directions of the vehicle. Through the central controller or chassis domain controller, the system can proactively and accurately intervene in vehicle movement according to driving intentions and pavement conditions to achieve optimal multi-actuator collaboration.

2. Full X-by-wire and corner module integration: Intelligent Chassis 3.0 completely breaks the physical limitations of traditional mechanical connections. Based on the wheel/hub motor distributed drive architecture, it deeply integrates drive, braking (such as EMB), steering (such as SBW) and suspension functions to form a new integrated driving unit - the corner module.

3. AI attributes and vehicle-road-cloud collaborative perception: Differing from the software-defined chassis in the 2.0 stage, the chassis in the 3.0 stage has active perception, control and autonomous learning capabilities. Its perception technology spans from a single vehicle's vehicle-road collaborative perception to vehicle-road-cloud collaborative perception. The chassis system has begun to have AI attributes and can be optimally adjusted in conjunction with cruise and map information for autonomous driving.

4. High redundancy and high safety standards: For high-level intelligent driving that can still operate after vehicle failure, Intelligent Chassis 3.0 generally adopts multiple redundant designs in hardware (such as dual power supplies, dual communications, dual motors and other aviation-grade redundant architectures).

Chassis cross-domain integration is accelerating, moving towards the central chassis domain control (VMC) + edge component fusion motion control architecture (central unified scheduling + edge precise actuation).

The EEA of the chassis is gradually being upgraded to Ethernet-based automotive bus technology. The future chassis system will be truly defined by software. Through software and hardware decoupling, the chassis domain will be deeply integrated with the intelligent driving, intelligent cockpit and powertrain domains. For example, with AI foundation models and data feedback, the chassis controller can achieve cross-domain integrated control and continuous evolution via OTA updates.

The VMC + edge component fusion motion control architecture is the core technology form of the Intelligent Chassis 3.0 era. This architecture aims to break the situation in which each subsystem of the traditional chassis works independently. By building a brain with powerful computing power, it coordinates and dispatches various wire-controlled actuators on the edge of the chassis to achieve the ultimate coordination of vehicle movement.

1.VMC (brain): VMC replaces the traditional distributed ECU and is responsible for collecting multi-dimensional sensor data in real time, analyzing driver intentions, and establishing a unified vehicle dynamics model.

2.Edge component fusion (limbs): The chassis is no longer managed by isolated independent controllers such as steering, braking, and suspension. Instead, high-level functional algorithms (VDC, TCS, etc.) are decoupled from each component and moved up to the central domain controller for overall calculation. Edge actuators (such as EMB, steer-by-wire and active suspension) only receive and execute instructions with highly responsive capabilities.

Currently, leading OEMs and suppliers at home and abroad have implemented this architecture:

Huawei (HUAWEI XMC): adopts the industry's first "six-in-one" central integrated control full-domain fusion architecture to deeply integrate six major systems (body, powertrain, suspension, steering, braking, and thermal management). Cooperating with the self-developed five-in-one vehicle control module, the decision-making link delay is less than 1ms, and the "cerebrum+cerebellum" cross-domain integration with ADS has been formed.

NIO (SkyRide VMC): VMC takes over more than 2,100 body parameters and more than 140 chassis atomization capabilities. As a unified interface between autonomous driving and actuators, it absorbs and reorganizes the conflicts of all subsystems to achieve a single task processing delay of <10ms.

ZF (cubiX): Its vehicle motion control software provides a unified and standardized chassis control interface to the upper layer by coordinating front-wheel steering, braking, rear-wheel steering, active suspension and other actuators to meet the cross-domain controller control requirements for the chassis in the autonomous driving domain.

AI+chassis integration moves towards a deep closed loop of perception-decision-actuation

As the automotive EEA evolves to a centralized system, the integration of AI and chassis is moving from single-function assistance to a deep closed loop of perception-decision-actuation. The AI+chassis fusion technology architecture uses a unified central computing architecture to connect the intelligent cockpit (interaction and intent understanding), autonomous driving (path planning and decision-making), and chassis (steering, braking, and suspension actuation) from the bottom up.

AI chassis pre-emption system - active perception and predictive chassis control fusion logic: Sensors including automotive cameras and LiDAR are adopted together with cloud AI technology to identify and model road surface undulations ahead (e.g., potholes, speed bumps, ice and snow). After the AI algorithm predicts the road conditions, it issues instructions to the active suspension or brake-by-wire in milliseconds to adjust damping or torque in advance. It focuses on using AI algorithms to conduct real-time analysis of the vehicle's external environment and perform feedforward adjustments to the chassis actuator in advance to achieve comfort and safety "as if walking on flat ground".

At present, many domestic and foreign OEMs and suppliers have taken the AI pre-emption system as a core selling point and achieved mass production:

ZF AI road perception system: Combining camera signals with chassis signals such as tire slip rate, AI can accurately distinguish between deep snow and shallow snow. "Snow Start" mode is automatically activated when slippery pavement is detected, without driver intervention.

XPeng AI chassis: Visual recognition and cloud-layer perception are integrated to automatically adjust suspension stiffness prior to the vehicle's passage over bumpy road sections, effectively filtering minor vibrations and lowering the risk of vehicle damage under low-light conditions. The 2026 XPeng P7+ is equipped with AI chassis as standard. The intelligent pre-emption can reach up to 30 meters, and the chassis parameters can be adjusted within 300 milliseconds. The impact of passing through speed bumps is reduced by 56% compared with luxury vehicle models.

Chery Fulwin: The AI magnetic levitation digital chassis scans pavement 1,000 times per second through the camera and performs dynamic damping adjustments 100 times per second, improving cornering stability by 50%.

Roewe: The AI mCDC system can predict road conditions 0.5 seconds in advance, resolve 90% of vibration energy on bumpy road sections, and decentralize this technology to the RMB100,000 vehicle market.

BYD Tang L: DiSus-C+ can identify potholes or speed bumps 15 meters in advance and achieve millisecond-level damping adjustment as an intelligent pre-emption system.

Direction of chassis hardware technology breakthrough: X-by-wire (X/Y/Z comprehensive X-by-wire - popularization of dry EMB + mature SBW + fully active suspension proliferation)

The intelligent chassis control system is undergoing a three-level transition from a passive force structure, actuators-by-wire, to intelligent motion control with perception/decision-making/actuation. This is not only reflected in the overall chassis control architecture, but also in the technical sub-trends of powertrain/suspension/steering/braking/body and other systems:

1.The braking system has been dominated by EHB One-Box, and the first year of EMB mass production has arrived

The braking system with EHB One-Box has seen mass production, with a response time of 150ms, and it supports high-end energy recovery. The main products include: Bosch IPB, Continental MKC1, Bethel WCBS, etc.; EMB changes braking from pressure transmission in the hydraulic era to battery-electric control output of motor + reduction mechanism. With the implementation of GB 21670-2025 (implemented on January 1, 2026), Li L9 Livis and Chery EXEED EX7 delivered vehicle models with EMB in 2026. The technical indicators include: response time <80ms; 100-0km/h shortened by about 4.8m; dry type without brake fluid, etc.

2.Steering system: mass production was attained and gradually localized in 2025-2026, SBW spread to RMB300,000-400,000 vehicles (not just flagship vehicles)

2025 is defined as the first year of the implementation of steer-by-wire. With the official implementation of the new national standard in 2026 and the advancement of domestic substitution of core components, steer-by-wire technology is expected to see a real breakthrough in 2026 and gradually penetrate into the wider mainstream vehicle market.

Policy support: The new version of the "Basic Requirements for Automotive Steering System" was released in 2025 as a national standard, which deleted the mandatory requirement that the steering wheel and the steering wheel must be mechanically connected. It will be officially implemented in July 2026, clearing regulatory obstacles for large-scale commercialization of SBW.

Steer-by-wire completely cancels the mechanical hard connection between the steering wheel and the wheels, transmits control instructions through electrical signals, has a response speed of up to milliseconds, and supports variable steering ratios, becoming an indispensable foundation for high-level autonomous driving above L3.

ZF: It has completed the domestic mass production and delivery of the first SBW for NIO ET9, and entered the European market through cooperation with Mercedes-Benz. The SBW production capacity of Zhangjiagang Park has been increased to 380,000 units/year, and it is planned to achieve the official SOP in Q1 2026;

Bosch: The next-generation steer-by-wire system has been installed in vehicle models such as XPeng GX, and the current production capacity can meet the needs of customers in the Chinese market;

Nexteer: The first SBW mass production happened in 2026. Nexteer is the exclusive SBW supplier for Tesla Robotaxi. It also provides steer-by-wire technology for Li L9 and has been designated by 6 vehicle models for SBW (including RWS and RWA), including the North American L4 RoboX;

Zhejiang Shibao: The first SBW mass production project is expected to start in the second half of 2026, and has been designated by many leading OEMs such as Chery, Geely, NIO, and Li Auto. The company plans to add an annual output of 600,000 intelligent steering production lines to support future huge demand.

Bethel: It is accelerating the upgrade to the steer-by-wire system, and has entered the EMB mass production and delivery stage.

Tuopu Group: Its SBW has been designated by OEMs such as Geely and Seres.

Jingwei Hirain: SBW related products have been designated for mass production by many mainstream OEMs.

The SkyRide steer-by-wire system carried by NIO ET9 is China's first SBW system in mass production. It obtained the mass production license issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (MIIT) in December 2024, and delivery officially began in the first quarter of 2025. It completely cancels the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the steering wheel and relies entirely on electrical signals to transmit steering commands, representing the highest level of current steering technology. NIO ET9's steer-by-wire system is supported by core hardware and software provided by ZF, including a steering wheel actuator (responsible for steering and providing ideal steering feel) and a redundant steering gear actuator, as well as corresponding control software.

3.The suspension system is upgraded to safety + motion control actuators, and the fully active suspension (hydraulic/electromagnetic) spreads to RMB250,000 vehicles

The fully active suspension is equipped with an independent power source + actuators, which actively exert force like human muscles. It predicts road conditions through sensors and actively exerts reverse force to offset bumps before the impact is transmitted to the body, truly achieving pavement without shaking the body. Fully active suspension solutions mainly include 48V integrated solutions and 800V split solutions:

48V integrated solutions: Greater emphasis is placed on vehicle body stability and daily riding comfort, with the "smooth, quiet" vibration-filtering experience highlighted. The solutions are applicable to flagship sedans and SUVs (e.g., NIO ES9) pursuing ultimate comfort.

800V split solutions: Emphasis is placed on the ability of large vehicles to stabilize the body under extreme working conditions, focusing on the upper limit of control. The solutions are suitable for full-size SUVs that pursue driving confidence and sportiness (such as Li L9 Livis).

NIO's full-domain 48V low-voltage platform aims to simplify the EEA, improve component versatility and seek long-term cost advantages; while OEMs such as Li Auto extend the high-voltage platform to the suspension, aiming to be consistent with the vehicle's 800V electrical architecture to create a synergistic effect.

Table of Contents

1 Status Quo and Development Trends of Intelligent Chassis Control System

• 1.1 Intelligent Chassis Control System
• Definition and Report Scope
• Development Trends of Automotive Intelligent Domain Control Architecture/Controllers
• Intelligent Chassis 1.0-3.0
• Timely Upgrade of Actuation Layer Technology
• Typical Technologies of Actuation Layer
• Typical Applicable Vehicle Models
• 1.2 Intelligent Chassis Control System - China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Regulations/Standards
• Summary of China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Regulations/Standards (1)
• Summary of China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Regulations/Standards (2)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Standards - T/CSAE 464-2025 (1)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Standards - T/CSAE 464-2025 (2)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Standards - T/CSAE 464-2025 (3)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Standards - T/CSAE 464-2025 (4)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Performance Testing - T/CSAE 465-2025 (1)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Performance Testing - T/CSAE 465-2025 (2)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Performance Testing - T/CSAE 465-2025 (3)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Performance Testing - T/CSAE 465-2025 (4)
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Performance Testing - Eight Intelligent Chassis Association Standards
• China's Automotive Intelligent Chassis Performance Testing - T/CPQS A0045 - Passenger Car Intelligent Chassis Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Standard 2025
• 1.3 Intelligent Chassis Control System - China's Automotive Steering/Braking System Standards
• China's Automotive Steering/Braking System Implementation Standards and Evolution of Standards
• Summary of China's Automotive Steering System Implementation Standards
• Development Trends of China's Automotive Steering System Implementation Standards
• Evolution of China's Automotive Steering System Implementation Standards
• China's Automotive Steering System Implementation Standards - GB 17675-2025 "Automotive Steering Systems - Basic Requirements"
• Summary of China's Automotive Braking System Implementation Standards (1)
• Summary of China's Automotive Braking System Implementation Standards (2)
• China's Automotive Braking System Implementation Standards - Passenger Car VS Commercial Vehicles
• Evolution of China's Passenger Car Braking System Implementation Standards (1)
• Evolution of China's Passenger Car Braking System Implementation Standards (2)
• China's Passenger Car Braking System Implementation Standards - GB 21670-2025 "Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Passenger Car Braking Systems"
• 1.4 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Domain Integration Development Trends
• Intelligent Chassis Control System - Domain Integration Development Trends (1)
• Intelligent Chassis Control System - Domain Integration Development Trends (2)
• Intelligent Chassis Control System - Domain Integration Development Trends (3)
• Intelligent Chassis Control System - Domain Integration Development Trends (4)

2 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Domain Integration Controller Technology Trends

• 2.1 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Vehicle Motion Control (VMC) System
• Intra-domain Control and Cross-domain Collaboration
• Architecture Classification and Architecture Evolution
• Integrated VMC
• System Structure
• Three Core Control Dimensions (XYZ)
• Technical Parameters and Vehicle Model Configuration of Major Suppliers (1)
• Technical Parameters and Vehicle Model Configuration of Major Suppliers (2)
• Comparison of Technical Parameters/Development Trends of Core Products
• Comparison of VMC Technical Parameters/Development Trends of Core Products
• List of Vehicle Models and SOP
• Product Case: NIO SkyRide VMC Intelligent Computing Platform (1)
• Product Case: NIO SkyRide VMC Intelligent Computing Platform (2)
• Product Case: NIO SkyRide VMC Intelligent Computing Platform (3)
• Product Case: NIO SkyRide VMC Intelligent Computing Platform (4)
• Product Case: SAIC IM VMC Intelligent Digital Chassis (VMC 2.0/3.0) (1)
• Product Case: SAIC IM VMC Intelligent Digital Chassis (VMC 2.0/3.0) (2)
• Product Case: SAIC IM VMC Intelligent Digital Chassis (VMC 2.0/3.0) (3)
• Product Case: ZF VMC cubiX Software Solution (1)
• Product Case: ZF VMC cubiX Software Solution (2)
• Product Case: ZF VMC cubiX Software Solution (3)
• Product Case: Bosch Vehicle Motion Management (VMM) System (1)
• Product Case: Bosch Vehicle Motion Management (VMM) System (2)
• Product Case: Bosch Vehicle Motion Management (VMM) System (3)
• Product Case: Bosch Vehicle Motion Management (VMM) System (4)
• Product Case: Bosch Vehicle Motion Management (VMM) System (5)
• Product Case: Bosch Vehicle Motion Management (VMM) System (6)
• 2.2 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Vehicle Motion Domain Controller (CDC/VMCU)
• Technological Collaboration, Cross-Domain Integration and Central Computing Integration Development
• CDC and VMCU
• Summary of Chassis Domain Controllers of Tier 1 Suppliers (1)
• Summary of Chassis Domain Controllers of Tier 2 Suppliers (2)
• Product Case: Global Technology's iCDS Integrates VMC Algorithm
• Product Case: UAES VCU 8.6
• Product Case: SemiDrive V-HPC
• Product Case: Jingwei Hirain CDC
• Product Case: Jingwei Hirain VMCU
• Product Case: ZEEKR's "Powertrain Domain + Chassis Domain" Integration Solution - Motor Control Function Integration
• 2.3 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Chassis Domain Controller Chip
• Chassis System Can Perceive, Judge, and Make Collaborative Decisions
• Technology/Market Evolution Trends
• Summary of Main Vendors/Products (1)
• Summary of Main Vendors/Products (2)
• Summary of Main Vendors/Products (3)
• Summary of Main Vendors/Products (4)
• Product Technology Positioning/Strategies of Core Vendors
• Product Solution: Infineon TC397/TC4x Family (1)
• Product Solution: Infineon TC397/TC4x Family (2)
• Product Solution: Infineon TC397/TC4x Family (3)
• Product Solution: Infineon TC397/TC4x Family (4)
• Product Solution: Infineon TC397/TC4x Family (5)
• Product Solution: Renesas RH850 U2A Series
• Product Solution: NXP S32K Family
• Product Solution: STMicroelectronics Stellar E/P/G Series (1)
• Product Solution: STMicroelectronics Stellar E/P/G Series (2)
• Product Solution: STMicroelectronics Stellar E/P/G Series (3)
• Product Solution: STMicroelectronics Stellar E/P/G Series (4)
• Product Solution: STMicroelectronics Stellar E/P/G Series (5)
• Product Solution: SemiDrive E3620P
• Product Solution: SemiDrive E3650
• 2.4 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Development Trend 1: Central Domain Controller
• VMC + Edge Component Fusion
• VMC + Edge Component Fusion - Chassis Motion Control Domain Layout (1)
• VMC + Edge Component Fusion - Chassis Motion Control Domain Layout (2)
• VMC + Edge Component Fusion - Summary of Design Solutions (1)
• VMC + Edge Component Fusion - Summary of Design Solutions (2)
• VMC + Edge Component Fusion - Summary of Design Solutions (3)
• 2.5 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Development Trend 2: XYZ Cooperative Control
• Control Mode
• Technical Parameters and Safety Redundancy
• Technological Development Trends, 2026-2035E
• Main Solutions (1)
• Main Solutions (2)
• Main Solutions (3)
• Main Solutions (4)
• Main Solutions (5)
• Main Solutions (6)
• Current Vehicle Models Supported and Development Trends
• Product Case: Huawei XMC (1)
• Product Case: Huawei XMC (2)
• Product Case: ZEEKR Digital Chassis XYZ Fusion (1)
• Product Case: ZEEKR Digital Chassis XYZ Fusion (2)
• Product Case: ZEEKR Digital Chassis XYZ Fusion (3)
• Product Case: ZEEKR Digital Chassis XYZ Fusion (4)
• 2.6 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Development Trend 3: Intelligent Corner Module
• Concept and Products
• Composition Structure
• X-by-Wire System Decoupling
• Redundant Drive
• Special Path Planning
• Standards and Regulations
• Mass Production Planning
• Summary of Products and Technology Solutions of Core Suppliers
• Product Technology Solution: Huawei Corner Module Solution
• Product Technology Solution:Dual-Rotor Redundancy Design of Tsingshan Industrial
• Product Technology Solution: Schaeffler Intelligent Corner Module
• Product Technology Solution: REEcorners Corner Module
• Product Technology Solution: Changan Automobile's Research on Integrated Control Based on Wheel End Corner Module
• 2.7 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Development Trend 4: Autonomous Driving + Chassis Integration
• Chassis Control Moves Towards Intelligent Control
• AI Empowerment Accelerates the Integration of Autonomous Driving and Chassis
• Requirement of Autonomous Driving on Chassis
• Exploration in Application of Autonomous Driving and Chassis Integrated Perception
• Exploration in Path of Autonomous Driving and Chassis Integrated Perception
• Autonomous Driving and Chassis Perception Information Fusion Architecture
• Advantages of Autonomous Driving and Chassis Integrated Perception
• Autonomous Driving and Chassis Integrated Perception Can Be Expanded to More Application Scenarios (1)
• Autonomous Driving and Chassis Integrated Perception Can Be Expanded to More Application Scenarios (2)
• Solution Case: BYD Chassis - Autonomous Driving Closed-Loop Interaction Solution
• Solution Case: Huawei xMotion with Perception-Control-Actuation Closed-Loop
• 2.8 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Development Trend 5: AI + Chassis
• AI Chassis Pre-emption System
• AI Perception and Safety Boundary Quantification Technology
• Summary of Applications by Major OEMs and Tier 1 Suppliers (1)
• Summary of Applications by Major OEMs and Tier 1 Suppliers (2)
• Application Case: Geely AI Digital Chassis All-Terrain Adaptive Control Solution
• Application Case: ZF AI Road Sense (1)
• Application Case: ZF AI Road Sense (2)
• Application Case: BYD DiSus Pre-Emption System

3 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Suspension System Technology Trends

• 3.1 Intelligent Chassis - Suspension System
• Classification Standards
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (1)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (2)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (3)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (4)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (5)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (6)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (7)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (8)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (9)
• Independent Control Solution/Domain Fusion Control Architecture
• 3.2 Suspension System - Technology Development Trend 1: Fully Active Suspension System
• Evolution from Passive Suspension to Semi-Active and Fully Active Suspension
• Case: Xiaomi Fully Active Suspension System
• Case: AITO SCU (1)
• Case: AITO SCU (2)
• Case: Active Suspension Control Unit of ZF Chassis 2.0
• 3.3 Suspension System - Technology Development Trend 2: 48V Fully Active Suspension System
• Core Technical Features
• Main Products and Vehicle Models Supported
• Application Case: 48V SkyRide Integrated Fully Active Suspension System of NIO ET9
• Application Case: 48V Mercedes-Benz E-ABC
• Products and SOP of Domestic Suppliers
• Supplier: Marelli's 48V Fully Active Suspension Electromechanical Actuator
• 3.4 Suspension System - Technological Development Trend 3: 800V Fully Active Suspension System
• Core Technical Features
• NIO's 48V Integrated Fully Active Suspension VS Li Auto's 800V Split Fully Active Suspension
• Main Products and Vehicle Models Supported
• Application Case: 800V "Livis" Fully Active Suspension of Li Auto (1)
• Application Case: 800V "Livis" Fully Active Suspension of Li Auto (2)
• Application Case: DiSus-X System of BYD Yangwang
• Products and SOP of Domestic Suppliers (1)
• Products and SOP of Domestic Suppliers (2)
• Products and SOP of Domestic Suppliers (3)
• 3.5 Suspension System - Technology Development Trend 4: Magnetorheological Damper
• Definition and Structure
• Core Functional Advantages
• Core Technology Principles
• Technical Implementation Standards Will be Released Soon
• Magnetorheological Damper vs CDC Suspension (1)
• Magnetorheological Damper vs CDC Suspension (2)
• Magnetorheological Suspension vs CDC Suspension: Procurement/Maintenance Costs
• Market Size
• Vehicle Models Supported and Main Technical Features (1)
• Vehicle Models Supported and Main Technical Features (2)
• Application Case: iCAR V27 Equipped with Beijing West Industries' Fourth-Generation MagneRide(R) Magnetorheological Damper
• Application Case: Arcfox Wenda V9 Equipped with Yangzhou Dongsheng's Magnetorheological Technology
• 3.6 Suspension System - Technology Development Trend 5: Redundant Design
• Definition and Classification
• Core Technology Cases and Planning (1)
• Core Technology Cases and Planning (2)
• Core Technology Cases and Planning (3)
• Core Technology Cases and Planning (4)
• Core Technology Cases and Planning (5)
• Representative vehicle model/technology trend
• Aviation-Grade Triple Redundancy Safety System of IM LS8
• Voyah Titan's Chassis Redundancy for L3 Autonomous Driving
• 3.7 Suspension System - Active Motion Sickness Prevention
• Active Motion Sickness Prevention Strategy
• Summary of Active Motion Sickness Prevention Functions and Scenarios of OEMs (1)
• Summary of Active Motion Sickness Prevention Functions and Scenarios of OEMs (2)
• Scenario Case: Xiaomi Auto's Motion Sickness Relief Mode (Power + Chassis + Autonomous Driving)
• Scenario Case: Xiaomi Auto's Motion Sickness Relief Mode - Principle
• Scenario Case: NIO's Rear Seat Motion Sickness Prevention Mode (Including Live Forward View Function)
• Scenario Case: BYD's Anti-Dizziness Intelligent Motion Sickness Prevention System (Body + Chassis + Power + cockpit)
• Evolution and Development Trends of Motion Sickness Prevention Scenarios
• 3.8 Suspension System - Slippery Pavement Stability Control
• Summary of Slippery Pavement Stability Control Scenarios of OEMs (1)
• Summary of Slippery Pavement Stability Control Scenarios of OEMs (2)
• Scenario Case: Huawei's Anti-Slip Stability Control Function (Fusion of ADS+XMC)
• Scenario Case: XPeng's Ice & Snow AES (Automatic Emergency Steering) Function
• Anti-Slip Stability Control Principle
• Vehicle Stability Control Cases
• 3.9 Suspension System - Jump/Cornering Stability Control
• Intelligent Chassis Control
• Summary of Jump/Cornering Stability Control Scenarios of OEM
• Scenario Case: XPeng's AI Jump Control
• Scenario Case: XPeng's AI Cornering Control System
• 3.10 Suspension System - Driving in Scenarios Such as Wading/Fire/Sand/Crosswind
• Intelligent Chassis Control in Critical Conditions
• Summary of Scenarios of OEMs
• Scenario Case: BYD's Wading Mode
• Scenario Case: Geely ZEEKR's Cross-Domain Collaboration for Fire Threat
• Scenario Case: Geely ZEEKR's Cross-Domain Collaboration for Wading
• Scenario Case: Chery's Ark Amphibious System
• Scenario Case: SAIC IM's Rainy Night Mode 2.0
• Scenario Case: SAIC IM's Rainy Night Mode 2.0 - Analysis
• Scenario Case: XPeng's Ice & Snow AES Technology Solution

4 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Steering System Technology Trends

• 4.1 Intelligent Chassis - Steering System
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (1)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (2)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (3)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (4)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (5)
• 4.2 Intelligent Chassis Steering System - Comparison of Technology Solutions and Development Trends
• Technical Path from Mechanical Coupling to Full-Domain Intelligence
• EPS
• EPS: Technology Comparison
• EPS: Classification
• Tier 1 Suppliers of EPS (1)
• Tier 2 Suppliers of EPS (1)
• 4.3 Steering System - Technology Development Trend 1: Active Rear-Wheel Steering
• Technical Principle
• Technology Logic in Different Scenarios
• Rear-Wheel Steering and Distributed Drive System Control Strategy (1)
• Rear-Wheel Steering and Distributed Drive System Control Strategy (2)
• Control Structure with Active Steering and 4WS Functions
• Technical Solutions
• Single Motor & Central Actuator VS Dual Motors & Dual Independent Actuators
• Single Motor & Central Actuator: Technical Solution
• Single Motor & Central Actuator: Production Vehicle Models Supported
• Dual Independent Actuators: Technical Solution
• Dual Independent Actuators: Production Vehicle Models Supported
• Product Case: ZF AKC Central/AKC Dual (1)
• Product Case: ZF AKC Central/AKC Dual (2)
• Product Case: BYD's e3 Rear-Wheel Dual-Motor Independent Steering Fusion
• Product case: Large-Angle Single-Motor Central-Drive Rear-Wheel Steering of Maextro S800 Based on Huawei Longxing Platform
• 4.4 Steering System - Technology Development Trend 2: Steer-by-Wire
• Architecture composition
• System Components (1)
• System Components (2)
• Hardware Architecture
• Technical Path
• Independent Solution and Domain Controller Solution
• SOP of Ster-by-Wire
• Product Case: Steer-by-Wire System of Li L9 Livis (1)
• Product Case: Steer-by-Wire System of Li L9 Livis (2)
• Product Case: SkyRide Steer-by-Wire System of NIO ET9
• Product Case: Steer-by-Wire of ZF Chassis 2.0
• Product Case: Bosch's Steer-by-Wire Product
• 4.5 Steering System - Technology Development Trend 3: Redundancy Design
• Redundancy Level/Implementation Solution
• Technical Requirements and Redundancy Requirements of SBW System
• SBW System: Dual-Winding Motor and Dual-Redundancy Circuit Design (1)
• SBW System: Dual-Winding Motor and Dual-Redundancy Circuit Design (2)
• SBW System: Full Redundancy Design (1)
• SBW System: Full Redundancy Design (2)
• SBW System: Retaining Mechanical Backup
• SBW System: Reliability Improvement Solution Without Hardware Addition
• SBW System: Major Suppliers and Technology Applications
• SBW System Case: Bosch Huayu's 48V Full-Domain Steering Solution
• SBW System Case: J-EPICS (JTEKT Electronics Performed Intelligent Control Steering)
• SBW System Case: Steer-by-Wire Technology of ZF Intelligent Chassis 2.0
• SBW System Case: Nexteer's Rear-Wheel Steering (RWS) System
• Vehicle Model Application Case: XPeng's GX Aviation-Grade Six-Layer Full-Domain Safety Redundancy System (1)
• Vehicle Model Application Case: XPeng's GX Aviation-Grade Six-Layer Full-Domain Safety Redundancy System (2)

5 Intelligent Chassis Control System - Drive and Braking System Technology Trends

• 5.1 Intelligent Chassis - Braking System
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (1)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (2)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (3)
• Summary of Major OEM Technologies and Suppliers (4)
• 5.2 Intelligent Chassis Braking System - Comparison of Technology Solutions and Development Trends
• Development Trends of Braking System Technology
• Braking Systems & Products/Vehicle Models Supported
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: Ibooster (1)
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: Ibooster (2)
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: ESP
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: Two-Box Solution - Ibooster + ESP
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: IPB/RBU+IPB Redundancy Solution (1)
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: IPB/RBU+IPB Redundancy Solution (2)
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: Development Trends of Fully Decoupled Braking System Technology
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: DPB+ESP Redundancy Solution (1)
• Bosch's Braking Products & Solutions: DPB+ESP Redundancy Solution (2)
• 5.3 Braking System - Technology Development Trend 1: Full Brake-by-Wire Technology
• Technological Evolution
• Classification
• EHB
• EHB: Bosch EHB-BWA+ESP
• EMB (1)
• EMB (2)
• EHB VS EMB
• VMC System Architecture with EMB (1)
• VMC System Architecture with EMB (2)
• EMB: Vehicle Models Mass-Produced/Delivered
• Product Case: EMB of Li L9 Livis
• EMB: SOP of Supplies
• Product Case: All-Dry EMB of ZF Chassis 2.0
• Product Case: Bosch SBW (1)
• Product Case: Bosch SBW (2)
• EMB: Technology Integration and Development Trends in 2030
• 5.4 Braking System - Technology Development Trend 2: Tire Blowout Stability Control System
• Introduction and Core Logic
• High-Speed Tire Blowout Stability Control Functions
• Tire Blowout Control System Technology Strategy
• Comparison of Technology Routes
• Technology Popularization of Major OEMs
• Comparison of Application Performance of Major Vehicle Models
• Application Case: BYD's High-Speed TBC System
• Application Case: NIO's High-Speed Tire Blowout Stability Control
• Application Case: Leapmotor's High-Speed Dual-Wheel Tire Blowout Stability Control
• Evolution of Control Scenarios
• 5.5 Braking System - Technology Development Trend 3: Redundancy Design
• Technical Requirements and Redundancy Requirements of Brake-by-Wire System
• Redundancy Design of Brake-by-Wire System (1)
• Redundancy Design of Brake-by-Wire System (2)
• Redundancy Design Solution of Brake-by-Wire System
• EHB System: Two-Box Solution - "Mechanical Redundancy + Electronic Redundancy" Dual Safety Failure Mode (1)
• EHB System: Two-Box Solution - "Mechanical Redundancy + Electronic Redundancy" Dual Safety Failure Mode (2)
• EHB System: One-Box Solution Adds RBU (1)
• EHB System: One-Box Solution Adds RBU (2)
• Comparison of EHB System Redundancy Design Solutions
• EHB System: Major Suppliers and Technology Applications
• EHB System Case: Two-box Solution - Bosch iBooster + ESP hev
• EHB System Case: Two-box Solution - Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic's Braking System
• EHB System Case: One-Box Solution - Bosch IPB + RBU (1)
• EHB System Case: One-Box Solution - Bosch IPB + RBU (2)
• EHB System Case: One-Box Solution - Continental MK C1
• EHB System Case: One-Box Solution - TWR IBC + SBM
• EMB System Redundancy Design (1)
• EMB System Redundancy Design (2)
• Comparison of EMB System Redundancy Design Solutions
• EMB System: Major Suppliers and Technology Applications
• EMB System Case: Brembo EMB System (1)
• EMB System Case: Brembo EMB System (2)
• EMB System Case: EA Figure EMB System
• EMB System Case: Orient-Motion EMB System
• EMB System Case: LEEKR Technology's EMB System
• EMB System Case: Global Technology's All-Dry EMB System
• 5.6 Intelligent Chassis - Powertrain/Chassis Fusion Control System
• Development Trends/Paths
• Distributed Electric Drive Chassis Drive Architecture
• Distributed Electric Drive Drives More Flexible Mobility Chassis
• Prospect of Distributed Electric Drive Technology
• Prospect of Distributed Electric Drive Technology
• Comparison of Technical Parameters of Major BEV Models with Three Motors and Four-Wheel Drive
• Vehicle Models with Quad-Motor Domain Fusion and Their Performance
• 5.7 Drive System - Technology Development Trend 1: X-in-1 Integrated Electric Drive
• Electric Drive Assembly Is Developing Towards "3+3+X" Integration
• Tier 1 Suppliers' X-in-1 Solution Deployment
• Solution Case: Geely's 11-in-1 Intelligent Domain Control Electric Drive Assembly
• 5.8 Drive System - Technology Development Trend 2: BEV Triple-Motor Four-Wheel Drive System
• Core Technical Features
• Technical Parameter Comparison of Main Vehicle Models
• Technical Case (1)
• Technical Case (2)
• 5.9 Drive System - Technology Development Trend 3: Quad-Motor Independent Drive
• Torque Distribution Ratio
• OEM Layout
• Technical Parameters of Vehicle Models on Sale
• Key Technology Comparison of Redundant Design Solutions
• Summary of Domain Fusion Functions
• Technical Case (1)
• Technical Case (2)
• Technical Case (3)
• 5.10 Drive-Brake Integration
• Powertrain-Chassis Integrated System Solution
• Hub Motor + EMB Integrated Design
• Integration of Drive and Braking Control Systems
• Technology Development Trends
• Integrated Solution with Electric Regenerative Braking as Primary and Friction Braking as Auxiliary
• Mainstream Technology Routes
• Drive Motor Intervention in Chassis Braking Control
• Hub Motor + EMB Integrated Design and Control
• Further Integration of Vehicle Motion Domain (Powertrain + Chassis) and Autonomous Driving
• Enhancing the Multi-Degree-of-Freedom of VMC
• Application Case: Quad-Motor Drive-Brake Integrated Control of ZEEKR 001 (1)
• Application Case: Quad-Motor Drive-Brake Integrated Control of ZEEKR 001 (2)
• Application Case: BYD's Motor-Based Chassis Dynamics Control System
• Application Case: Huawei's Drive-Brake Integrated Solution
• Application Case: Geely's Autonomous Driving Mode - Motor-Based Chassis Motion Control System
• Application Case: Inovance's Drive-Brake Integrated Chassis Dynamics Control Technology

6 Intelligent Chassis Control System Layout of OEMs

• 6.1 Geely
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Technical Features and Suppliers
• Geely AI Digital Chassis VS SEA-S AI Chassis
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Technical Performance
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Technological Evolution
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Vehicle Models Supported/Suppliers
• Vehicle E/E Architecture - Geely AI Digital Chassis (1)
• Vehicle E/E Architecture - Geely AI Digital Chassis (2)
• Vehicle E/E Architecture - Geely AI Digital Chassis (3)
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Cross-Domain Integration (1)
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Cross-Domain Integration (2)
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Cross-Domain Integration (3)
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Cross-Domain Integration (4)
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Future Technological Challenges (1)
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Future Technological Challenges (2)
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Future Technological Challenges (3)
• Geely AI Digital Chassis: Representative Vehicle Models
• 6.2 ZEEKR
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies
• AI Digital Chassis Based on SEP: Technical Features and Suppliers (1)
• AI Digital Chassis Based on SEP: Technical Features and Suppliers (2)
• AI Digital Chassis Based on SEP: Technical Performance
• AI Digital Chassis Based on SEP: Suspension System
• AI Digital Chassis Based on SEP: Dinghai Intelligent Hub
• AI Digital Chassis Based on SEP: 48V Active Stabilizer Bar of ZEEKR 9X
• AI Digital Chassis Based on SEP: Vehicle Models Supported/Suppliers
• AI Digital Chassis Based on SEP: Representative Vehicle Models
• 6.3 Changan Automobile
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (1)
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (2)
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligent Chassis: Technical Features and Suppliers
• Beidou Dubhe 2.0
• Beidou Dubhe 2.0: Digital Intelligence Foundation and Platform
• Beidou Dubhe 2.0: Six-Layer SDA Architecture
• Beidou Dubhe 2.0: SDA Architecture - Central + Ring Network Architecture/ZCU
• Beidou Dubhe 2.0: CHANGAN Tops Chassis + Distributed Electric Drive
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligence/Tops Chassis
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligence/Tops Chassis: Intelligent Chassis Control System (1)
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligence/Tops Chassis: Intelligent Chassis Control System (2)
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligent Chassis: Three-directional, Six-domain Collaboration
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligent Chassis: Active Safety Technology System
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligent Chassis: Active Crosswind Stability System
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligent Chassis: Variable Adaptive Suspension
• New BlueCore 3.0: Power + Chassis + Smart Cockpit + Cloud
• New BlueCore 3.0: Cross-Domain Linkage and Integration
• New BlueCore 3.0: IEM 3.0 (Smart Power Control System)
• CHANGAN SDA Intelligent Chassis: Vehicle Models Supported/Suppliers
• Vehicle Model Case: Deepal L06 - Magnetorheological Suspension
• Vehicle Model Case: NevoA 06 - Domain Controller
• Vehicle Model Case: Deepal S09 Equipped with Tops Chassis-S (1)
• Vehicle Model Case: Deepal S09 Equipped with Tops Chassis-S (2)
• Vehicle Model Case: Deepal S09 Equipped with Tops Chassis-S (3)
• Vehicle Model Case: Deepal G318 Equipped with Tops Chassis-G
• Changan SDA Intelligent Chassis: Development Trends
• Changan Skateboard Chassis
• 6.4 BYD
• Intelligent Chassis Control System (1)
• Intelligent Chassis Control System (2)
• Intelligent Chassis Control System: Power/Suspension/Braking/Steering System (1)
• Intelligent Chassis Control System: Power/Suspension/Braking/Steering System (2)
• Xuanji Architecture
• Suspension system: DiSus Series/Corresponding Vehicle Models
• Suspension System: DiSus Intelligent Body Control System Technology Types/Features
• Suspension System: DiSus-P Ultra Intelligent Hydraulic Body Control System
• Suspension system: DiSus-M Intelligent Magnetorheological Body Control System (Developed by Denza)
• Suspension System: DiSus-Z Intelligent Suspension Body Control System
• Denza's Typical Vehicle Model - Powertrain/Suspension/Brake/Steering System
• Yangwang U7 - Powertrain/Suspension/Brake/Steering System
• Powertrain Domain + Chassis Domain Control System: e4 System
• Powertrain Domain + Chassis Domain Control System: e3 System (1)
• Powertrain Domain + Chassis Domain Control System: e3 System (2)
• e-Platform 3.0 Evo: iTAC
• 6.5 Chery
• Development History of Intelligent Chassis Control System
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (1)
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (2)
• Division of Flying Fish Digital-Intelligent Chassis Platforms (T/E/D/i)
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Core Suppliers
• Gimbal Intelligent Chassis 1.0-2.0
• Gimbal Intelligent Chassis 2.0: High-end Battery-Electric Vehicle Models with Flying Fish Digital-Intelligent Chassis (e-Platform)
• Ark Amphibious Technology: Flying Fish Digital-Intelligent Chassis in Hardcore Off-Road Vehicle (d-Platform)
• Driving Domain Integrated Intelligent Control Platform
• 6.6 Great Wall Motor
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (1)
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (2)
• Super Intelligent Chassis of GWM-ONE S Platform: Technical Features and Suppliers (1)
• Super Intelligent Chassis of GWM-ONE S Platform: Technical Features and Suppliers (2)
• GEEP 4.0
• GEEP 4.0 + GWM-ONE Platform: 150+ Key Components Are Independently Developed
• Super Intelligent Chassis of GWM-ONE S Platform: Core Technology
• Super Intelligent Chassis of GWM-ONE S Platform: Four Subsystems
• iTVC (1)
• iTVC (2)
• Chassis-by-Wire Planning: Intelligent Chassis-by-Wire Integrated Chassis Domain Controller
• Chassis-by-Wire Planning: Technical Parameters of Intelligent Chassis-by-Wire
• 6.7 GAC Group
• Development History of Intelligent Chassis Control System
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (1)
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (2)
• Intelligent Digital Chassis of Hyptec: Technical Features and Suppliers
• X-Soul: Three Domains + 4 Body ZCUs
• X-Soul: Hardware System Design Block Diagram
• X-Soul: Three High-Performance Computing Units
• X-Soul: X-Soul Safety Protection System
• X-Soul: Body Zone Adopts Continental HPC2 + NXP S32G399 MCU (1)
• X-Soul: Body Zone Adopts Continental HPC2 + NXP S32G399 MCU (2)
• Intelligent Digital Chassis of Hyptec
• Intelligent Digital Chassis of Hyptec: Tiger-Style U-Turn/Electronic Differential Lock
• Intelligent Digital Chassis of Hyptec: Integrated Electronic Differential Lock/EASi
• Intelligent Digital Chassis of Hyptec: ASTC 2.0
• AICS of Aion/Hyptec
• Trumpchi Stellar Chassis
• Trumpchi Stellar Chassis: i-GTEC 2.0
• Trumpchi Stellar Chassis: i-GTEC 3.0
• 6.8 FAW Hongqi
• Intelligent Chassis-by-Wire Domain Controller: Key Technologies
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: Technical Features and Suppliers
• FAW Group's Overall Technical Planning
• Cross-Domain Integration and Evolution of NextScan Architecture
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: Technical Performance
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: Technology Evolution
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: Suppliers
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: Core Features
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: System Architecture
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: Driven by Knowledge + Data
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: Typical Working Condition Tests
• Integrated Motion Control Technology: High-End Intelligent Chassis
• AI Chassis System
• 6.9 Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)
• Development History of Intelligent Chassis Control System
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (1)
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (2)
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies (3)
• XMC
• Self-Developed Vehicle Control Module
• Intelligent Chassis/ Fully Active Chassis Platform
• Intelligent Chassis: Mechanical Hardware Composition
• Intelligent Chassis: HUAWEI DATS 3.0 (1)
• Intelligent Chassis: HUAWEI DATS 3.0 (2)
• Intelligent Chassis: HUAWEI xMotion (1)
• Intelligent Chassis: HUAWEI xMotion (2)
• Intelligent Chassis: HUAWEI xMotion (3)
• Longxing Platform (1)
• Longxing Platform (2)
• Longxing Platform (3)
• Longxing Platform: Spatiotemporal Reasoning Suspension Network
• HUAWEI DriveONE Shifts from Power Domain to Motion Domain
• Huawei DriveONE Motion Domain Fusion Solution (1)
• Huawei DriveONE Motion Domain Fusion Solution (2)
• Huawei DriveONE-based iTRACK (motion domain near-end closed-loop solution)
• 6.10 Xiaomi Auto
• Intelligent Chassis Motion Control Architecture: Key Technologies
• Xiaomi Jiaolong Chassis: Technical Features and Suppliers
• Xiaomi Jiaolong Chassis: Configuration and Performance
• Xiaomi Jiaolong Chassis: Technological Evolution
• Xiaomi Jiaolong Chassis: Core System Suppliers
• Four-in-One Domain Controller System of Xiaomi YU7
• Four-in-One Domain Controller System of Xiaomi YU7: Cockpit Domain/Vehicle