세계의 AR 내비게이션 시장 : HMD, HUD, AR 내비게이션 소프트웨어, 실시간 위치 관리, 라우팅 내비게이션, 자산 추적, 리버스 지오코딩, 내장형 모바일 센서, 비주얼 포지셔닝 시스템, AR 클라우드 - 예측(-2029년)

The augmented reality (AR) navigation market is expected to reach USD 6.33 billion by 2029 from USD 1.17 billion in 2024, at a CAGR of 40.3% during the 2024-2029 period.

"Automotive end-user is projected to have the largest market share during the forecast period."

The integration of AR technology with advanced vehicles provides a transformative enhancement to the driving experience. The growing demand for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and advanced navigation is becoming an important feature to provide drivers with real-time location and hand-free guidance with the help of head-up displays (HUD) that enhance safety and convenience. The increasing demand for autonomous and connected vehicles drives the market as augmented reality navigation integrates into these advanced systems, which leads to enhanced solutions and reduced distractions.

Augmented reality HUD is one of the biggest applications of AR navigation in automotive. AR HUD projects virtual images, direction signs, and text to the user and also provides location updates and spontaneous interaction with physical/real-life objects as an extension of the real world; this helps to boost the driver's awareness.

Additionally, the rising demand for premium, high-tech featured vehicles leads to increased investment in luxury and high-end models where augmented reality navigation contributes as a significant selling point. Augmented reality navigation helps users to navigate complex areas and avoid modern traffic. Strategic partnerships between technology and automotive manufactures such as Microsoft partners with Volkswagen and other partnerships are boosting the development and adoption of AR systems.

As global automotive markets expand, specifically in emerging economies, as the demand for advanced in-car technologies like augmented reality navigation is expected to accelerate.

"Routing & navigation application of augmented reality navigation market expected to have the largest market share and grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period"

High dependency on smartphones and vehicle-mounted systems to navigate with intuitive and accurate navigation solutions is increasing. This facilitates route planning and safety through minimized distractions and improved situational awareness not only in vehicles but also while walking or cycling. The growing complexities in urban areas, together with increased travel and commuting have raised the demand for more advanced routing solutions capable of dynamic traffic conditions through clear and easy-to-follow guidance.

Routing & navigation is widely used in indoor areas and building such as retail & shopping malls, airports, museums, educational institutions and many other places. Multiple companies such as Navigine, SITUM TECHNOLOIES and many others are primarily focusing on indoor navigation solutions which leads to rise in the market share of routing & navigation application segment. Navigine offers QR based indoor augmented reality navigation solution by scanning QR codes, AR map specific to that location get accessible and provide augmented reality routes within the premises to any point of interest.

"AR navigation apps, sub-segment of software in augmented reality (AR) navigation is expected to have the largest market share in the forecast period"

Google Maps by Google LLC, Apple Maps by Apple Inc., Sygic GPS Navigation by Sygic, and many other players are offering AR navigation apps to enhance user navigation experience. Location-based augmented reality apps are geo-based and position-based AR solutions that help to identify the location. AR navigation app uses smartphone GPS and camera to implement an augmented reality-powered GPS navigation system; this helps users to be guided by visual paths on the smartphone camera preview. AR navigation apps also rely on digital compasses, motion tracking, or indoor positioning systems (for indoor augmented reality navigation). AR navigation apps help users to reach their destination with fewer instructions and avoid getting lost. Users can easily discover places, read reviews of the places, share information, and so on.

The break-up of the profile of primary participants in the augmented reality navigation market-

• By Company Type: Tier 1 - 30%, Tier 2 - 50%, Tier 3 - 20%
• By Designation Type: C Level - 45%, Director Level - 35%, Others - 20%
• By Region Type: North America - 45%, Europe -35 %, Asia Pacific- 12%, RoW - 8%,

The major players in the augmented reality navigation market are Google LLC (US), Apple Inc. (US), Microsoft (US), Neusoft Corporation (China), WayRay AG (Switzerland), FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD. (Japan), ARway Corp. (CanadaUS), Wiser Marine Technologies Ltd. (Canada), Mapbox (US), Treedis (Israel), ViewAR GmbH (Austria), Artisense GmbH (Germany), IndoorAtlas (Finland), Hyper (London), SITUM TECHNOLOGIES (Spain), Insider Navigation Inc (Austria), Wemap SAS (France), Resonai Inc. (Israel), Oriient New Media Ltd (Israel), Navigine (US), 22Miles (US), Sygic (Bratislava), Veo (Poland), HERE (Netherlands), and Esri (US).

Research Coverage

The report segments the augmented reality navigation market and forecasts its size based and region. The report also provides a comprehensive review of drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges influencing market growth. The report also covers qualitative aspects in addition to the quantitative aspects of the market.

Reasons to buy the report:

The report will help the market leaders/new entrants in this market with information on the closest approximate revenues for the overall augmented reality navigation market and related segments. This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to strengthen their position in the market and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the objectives of the market and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges.

The report provides insights on the following pointers:

• Analysis of key drivers (incorporation of AI algorithms for accurate location tracking and real-time data updates is driving the augmented reality navigation market), restraints (high dependance on GPS and device sensors), opportunities (integration of 5G technology with augmented reality navigation), and challenges (less user acceptance and familiarity of augmented reality navigation)
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product launches in the augmented reality navigation market
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets - the report analyses the augmented reality navigation market across varied regions.
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the augmented reality navigation market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and product offerings of leading players like Google LLC (US), Apple Inc. (US), Microsoft (US), WayRay AG (Switzerland), and Neusoft Corporation (China).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
• 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
• 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
  • 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE
  • 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
  • 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
• 1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
• 1.5 UNIT CONSIDERED
• 1.6 LIMITATIONS
• 1.7 STAKEHOLDERS

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
  • 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
    • 2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources
    • 2.1.1.2 Key secondary sources
  • 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
    • 2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources
    • 2.1.2.2 Key participants in primary processes across AR navigation value chain
    • 2.1.2.3 Breakdown of primary interviews
    • 2.1.2.4 Key industry insights
• 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
  • 2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
    • 2.2.1.1 Approach to derive market size using bottom-up analysis
  • 2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
    • 2.2.2.1 Approach to derive market size using top-down analysis
• 2.3 MARKET SHARE ESTIMATION
• 2.4 DATA TRIANGULATION
• 2.5 RISK ASSESSMENT
• 2.6 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
  • 2.6.1 ASSUMPTIONS
  • 2.6.2 LIMITATIONS

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS

• 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN AR NAVIGATION MARKET
• 4.2 AR NAVIGATION MARKET, BY OFFERING
• 4.3 AR NAVIGATION MARKET, BY APPLICATION
• 4.4 AR NAVIGATION MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
• 4.5 AR NAVIGATION MARKET BY REGION

5 MARKET OVERVIEW

• 5.1 INTRODUCTION
• 5.2 AR NAVIGATION MARKET DYNAMICS
  • 5.2.1 DRIVERS
    • 5.2.1.1 Integration of AR in automotive systems
    • 5.2.1.2 Development of AR headsets and glasses for hands-free navigation experience
    • 5.2.1.3 Complex navigation in indoor locations
    • 5.2.1.4 Incorporation with AI algorithms for accurate location tracking and real-time data updates
  • 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
    • 5.2.2.1 High dependence on GPS and device sensors for accuracy
    • 5.2.2.2 Obstacles in seamless transition between indoor and outdoor AR navigation
  • 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
    • 5.2.3.1 Integration of 5G technology with augmented reality navigation
    • 5.2.3.2 Augmented reality surgical navigation
  • 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
    • 5.2.4.1 Limited familiarity and user acceptance
    • 5.2.4.2 Protection against data breaches, system manipulation, and cloud vulnerabilities
• 5.3 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
  • 5.3.1 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
  • 5.3.2 COMPONENT SUPPLIERS
  • 5.3.3 SYSTEM INTEGRATORS
  • 5.3.4 MARKETING AND SALES TEAMS
  • 5.3.5 END USERS
• 5.4 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
• 5.5 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
• 5.6 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
• 5.7 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
  • 5.7.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.7.1.1 Global positioning system
    • 5.7.1.2 Simultaneous localization and mapping
    • 5.7.1.3 Bluetooth beacons
  • 5.7.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.7.2.1 Cloud computing
    • 5.7.2.2 Internet of things
    • 5.7.2.3 3D mapping
    • 5.7.2.4 Digital twin
  • 5.7.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
    • 5.7.3.1 Marker-based tracking
    • 5.7.3.2 Real-time data processing
• 5.8 PATENT ANALYSIS
• 5.9 TRADE ANALYSIS
  • 5.9.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 9014)
  • 5.9.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 9014)
• 5.10 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
  • 5.10.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
  • 5.10.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
  • 5.10.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
  • 5.10.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
  • 5.10.5 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
• 5.11 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
  • 5.11.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
  • 5.11.2 BUYING CRITERIA
• 5.12 PRICING ANALYSIS
  • 5.12.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY AR HMD
  • 5.12.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF AR HMDS, BY REGION
• 5.13 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
  • 5.13.1 TREEDIS ENHANCES NAVIGATION AT UNIVERSITY OF NATIONAL AND WORLD ECONOMY WITH AR WAYFINDING
  • 5.13.2 ARWAY CORP. EXPANDS PRESENCE IN SAUDI ARABIA AND OMAN WITH NEW AR NAVIGATION DEALS
  • 5.13.3 TELSTRA, GOOGLE, AND ACCENTURE UNVEIL 5G-POWERED AR WAYFINDING AT MARVEL STADIUM
• 5.14 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
  • 5.14.1 TARIFF DATA
  • 5.14.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
• 5.15 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024-2025
• 5.16 IMPACT OF GEN AI/AI ON AR NAVIGATION MARKET
  • 5.16.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 5.16.2 CASE STUDIES
    • 5.16.2.1 Genesys International launches India's first AI-powered navigation map for automotive and mobility
    • 5.16.2.2 Phiar Technologies and Qualcomm collaborate to enhance in- vehicle infotainment with advanced AR HUD navigation
  • 5.16.3 ADJACENT ECOSYSTEM WORKING ON GEN AI

6 AR NAVIGATION MARKET, BY OFFERING

• 6.1 INTRODUCTION
• 6.2 DEVICES
  • 6.2.1 HMD
    • 6.2.1.1 Offer real-time navigation instructions to improve situational awareness
  • 6.2.2 HUD
    • 6.2.2.1 Enhanced safety of drivers to fuel segment growth
• 6.3 SOFTWARE
  • 6.3.1 MAPPING & LOCALIZATION SOFTWARE
    • 6.3.1.1 Growing interest in AR applications across various sectors to drive segment
  • 6.3.2 NAVIGATION APPS
    • 6.3.2.1 Increasing urbanization to drive demand for advanced AR navigation apps
  • 6.3.3 AR SDKS
    • 6.3.3.1 Adoption of AR across smartphones, tablets, and AR glasses to boost segment
  • 6.3.4 AR CLOUD
    • 6.3.4.1 Enhanced data integration and real-time updates for improved user experience - key drivers
  • 6.3.5 OTHERS

7 AR NAVIGATION MARKET, BY TYPE

• 7.1 INTRODUCTION
• 7.2 INDOOR NAVIGATION
• 7.3 OUTDOOR NAVIGATION

8 AR NAVIGATION MARKET, BY APPLICATION

• 8.1 INTRODUCTION
• 8.2 REAL-TIME LOCATION DATA MANAGEMENT
  • 8.2.1 NEED FOR ACCURATE, REAL-TIME LOCATION TRACKING TO DRIVE DEMAND
• 8.3 ROUTING & NAVIGATION
  • 8.3.1 RISING DEMAND FOR NAVIGATION IN COMPLEX INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS TO BOOST SEGMENT
• 8.4 ASSET TRACKING
  • 8.4.1 STREAMLINED ASSET MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCED OVERALL OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY TO BOOST SEGMENT
• 8.5 REVERSE GEOCODING
  • 8.5.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR ACCURATE LOCATION-BASED SERVICES TO FUEL GROWTH
• 8.6 OTHER APPLICATIONS

9 AR NAVIGATION MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY

• 9.1 INTRODUCTION
• 9.2 AUTOMOTIVE
  • 9.2.1 ENHANCED DRIVING EXPERIENCE TO BOOST DEMAND
• 9.3 CONSUMER
  • 9.3.1 ENHANCED EXPERIENCE WITH AR NAVIGATION IN DAILY LIFE TO BOST SEGMENT
• 9.4 RETAIL & SHOPPING MALLS
  • 9.4.1 IMPROVED NAVIGATION AND SHOPPING EXPERIENCE WITH ADVANCED MAPPING - KEY DRIVER
• 9.5 AIRPORTS & TRANSPORTATION
  • 9.5.1 STREAMLINED TRAVEL EXPERIENCE TO DRIVE MARKET
• 9.6 HEALTHCARE
  • 9.6.1 ENHANCED HOSPITAL NAVIGATION AND MEDICAL PROCEDURES - KEY DRIVERS
• 9.7 GOVERNMENT
  • 9.7.1 INCREASED EFFICIENCY IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND MILITARY OPERATIONS TO DRIVE SEGMENT
• 9.8 OTHER END-USE INDUSTRIES
  • 9.8.1 TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACT ACROSS SECTORS TO BOOST MARKET

10 AR NAVIGATION MARKET, BY REGION

• 10.1 INTRODUCTION
• 10.2 NORTH AMERICA
  • 10.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR NORTH AMERICA
  • 10.2.2 US
    • 10.2.2.1 Rapid and continuous adoption of latest technology to drive market
  • 10.2.3 CANADA
    • 10.2.3.1 Technological growth and strategic moves by players to drive market
  • 10.2.4 MEXICO
    • 10.2.4.1 Rising adoption in urban and tourism sectors to boost market
• 10.3 EUROPE
  • 10.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR EUROPE
  • 10.3.2 GERMANY
    • 10.3.2.1 Advanced technological infrastructure to boost market
  • 10.3.3 UK
    • 10.3.3.1 Rising adoption in airports and retail to fuel growth
  • 10.3.4 FRANCE
    • 10.3.4.1 Enhanced tourism and urban mobility through AR navigation to drive market
  • 10.3.5 REST OF EUROPE
• 10.4 ASIA PACIFIC
  • 10.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ASIA PACIFIC
  • 10.4.2 CHINA
    • 10.4.2.1 Innovations in smart city initiatives and infrastructure development to drive market
  • 10.4.3 JAPAN
    • 10.4.3.1 Market driven by advanced technology and strategic partnerships
  • 10.4.4 INDIA
    • 10.4.4.1 Rising adoption driven by urbanization
  • 10.4.5 SOUTH KOREA
    • 10.4.5.1 Enhanced precise location tracking with 3D spatial maps - key driver
  • 10.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
• 10.5 ROW
  • 10.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ROW
  • 10.5.2 SOUTH AMERICA
    • 10.5.2.1 Offers emerging opportunities for AR navigation market
  • 10.5.3 AFRICA
    • 10.5.3.1 Advanced solutions despite urbanization challenges - key driver
  • 10.5.4 MIDDLE EAST
    • 10.5.4.1 Innovative developments for enhanced user experience to drive market
    • 10.5.4.2 GCC countries
    • 10.5.4.3 Rest of Middle East

11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

• 11.1 OVERVIEW
• 11.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2021-2024
• 11.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023
• 11.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2021-2023
• 11.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
• 11.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
  • 11.6.1 STARS
  • 11.6.2 EMERGING LEADERS
  • 11.6.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
  • 11.6.4 PARTICIPANTS
  • 11.6.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
    • 11.6.5.1 Company footprint
    • 11.6.5.2 Offering footprint
    • 11.6.5.3 Type footprint
    • 11.6.5.4 Application footprint
    • 11.6.5.5 End-use industry footprint
    • 11.6.5.6 Region footprint
• 11.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
  • 11.7.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
  • 11.7.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
  • 11.7.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
  • 11.7.4 STARTING BLOCKS
  • 11.7.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
    • 11.7.5.1 Detailed list of startups/SMEs
    • 11.7.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of startups/SMEs
• 11.8 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
• 11.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO AND TRENDS
  • 11.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
  • 11.9.2 DEALS
  • 11.9.3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS

12 COMPANY PROFILES

• 12.1 INTRODUCTION
• 12.2 KEY PLAYERS
  • 12.2.1 GOOGLE LLC
    • 12.2.1.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 12.2.1.3 Recent developments
      • 12.2.1.3.1 Deals
    • 12.2.1.4 MnM view
      • 12.2.1.4.1 Key strengths
      • 12.2.1.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 12.2.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 12.2.2 APPLE INC.
    • 12.2.2.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 12.2.2.3 Recent developments
      • 12.2.2.3.1 Product Launches
      • 12.2.2.3.2 Other developments
    • 12.2.2.4 MnM view
      • 12.2.2.4.1 Key Strengths
      • 12.2.2.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 12.2.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 12.2.3 FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
    • 12.2.3.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.3.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 12.2.3.3 Recent developments
    • 12.2.3.4 MnM view
      • 12.2.3.4.1 Key Strengths
      • 12.2.3.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 12.2.3.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 12.2.4 MICROSOFT
    • 12.2.4.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.4.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 12.2.4.3 Recent developments
      • 12.2.4.3.1 Deals
    • 12.2.4.4 MnM view
      • 12.2.4.4.1 Key strengths
      • 12.2.4.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 12.2.4.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 12.2.5 WISER MARINE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
    • 12.2.5.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.5.2 Products/Services/Solutions Offered
    • 12.2.5.3 Recent developments
    • 12.2.5.4 MnM view
      • 12.2.5.4.1 Key Strengths
      • 12.2.5.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 12.2.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 12.2.6 ARWAY CORP.
    • 12.2.6.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 12.2.6.3 Recent developments
      • 12.2.6.3.1 Deals
    • 12.2.6.4 MnM view
      • 12.2.6.4.1 Key strengths
      • 12.2.6.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 12.2.6.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
  • 12.2.7 MAPBOX
    • 12.2.7.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 12.2.7.3 Recent developments
  • 12.2.8 TREEDIS
    • 12.2.8.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 12.2.8.3 Recent developments
  • 12.2.9 WAYRAY AG
    • 12.2.9.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 12.2.9.3 Recent developments
      • 12.2.9.3.1 Product Launches
  • 12.2.10 VIEWAR GMBH
    • 12.2.10.1 Business overview
    • 12.2.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
    • 12.2.10.3 Recent developments
• 12.3 OTHER PLAYERS
  • 12.3.1 NEUSOFT CORPORATION
  • 12.3.2 ARTISENSE GMBH (KUDAN GERMANY GMBH)
  • 12.3.3 INDOORATLAS
  • 12.3.4 HYPER
  • 12.3.5 SITUM TECHNOLOGIES
  • 12.3.6 INSIDER NAVIGATION INC.
  • 12.3.7 WEMAP SAS
  • 12.3.8 RESONAI INC.
  • 12.3.9 ORIIENT NEW MEDIA LTD.
  • 12.3.10 NAVIGINE
  • 12.3.11 22MILES
  • 12.3.12 SYGIC
  • 12.3.13 VEO
  • 12.3.14 HERE
  • 12.3.15 ESRI

13 APPENDIX

• 13.1 INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS
• 13.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE
• 13.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
• 13.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
• 13.5 RELATED REPORTS
• 13.6 AUTHOR DETAILS