세계의 그래픽 처리 유닛(GPU) 시장 규모 : 유형별, 디바이스별, 업계별, 지역 범위별, 예측

Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) Market Size And Forecast

Global Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) Market size was valued at USD 77.39 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 638.61 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 33.30% from 2026 to 2032.

The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) market is the global industry dedicated to the design, manufacturing, and sale of specialized electronic circuits. While their original purpose was to accelerate the rendering of graphics for video games and professional visualization, GPUs are now a fundamental component for a much broader range of computationally intensive tasks due to their architecture, which is highly effective for parallel processing.

The market is defined by several key segments:

By Type: The market is primarily segmented into discrete GPUs (dedicated, high-performance cards that are separate from the CPU) and integrated GPUs (built directly into the CPU or motherboard). Integrated GPUs have a significant market share, especially in consumer devices like laptops and smartphones, due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency for everyday computing. However, discrete GPUs hold a commanding position in high-performance sectors like gaming, professional content creation, and, most importantly, artificial intelligence. A smaller but growing segment is hybrid GPUs, which combine the best features of both.

By Application/End-User: This is where the market's evolution is most evident. The gaming industry remains a core application, driven by the demand for realistic graphics, high frame rates, and immersive experiences in modern games. However, the fastest-growing and most impactful segment is Data Center & AI/Machine Learning. GPUs are now the workhorse for training and inference of large language models (LLMs) and complex AI algorithms, leading to a massive increase in demand from cloud service providers and tech companies. Other key applications include professional visualization, automotive (for self-driving cars), and cryptocurrency mining.

By Geography: North America and Asia-Pacific are the dominant regions. North America's leadership is fueled by its robust gaming culture and the concentration of tech giants heavily invested in AI. The Asia-Pacific market is experiencing explosive growth due to rising disposable incomes, rapid urbanization, and a booming gaming industry in countries like China and India.

The GPU market's growth is primarily propelled by the exponential expansion of AI and machine learning, the sustained growth of the gaming industry, and the increasing need for high-performance computing across various sectors. The market is restrained by factors such as high manufacturing costs, global semiconductor shortages, and the significant power consumption of high-end GPUs.

Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market Drivers

The key market dynamics that are shaping the global graphic processing unit GPU market include:

Growing Demand in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: The increasing expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) applications is a primary driver of GPU demand. GPUs are particularly well-suited for the parallel processing required by AI workloads, such as training neural networks and deep learning models. This has led to a surge in their adoption by tech companies, research institutions, and startups alike. The National Science Foundation's 2023 report on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development highlights this trend, noting that U.S. federal expenditure in AI research increased by 30% between 2021 and 2023, totaling USD 2.2 billion. The report further emphasized the relevance of GPUs in this sector, with 78% of AI researchers considering access to high-performance GPUs important to their work. This significant investment and reliance on GPU technology underscores its critical role in the advancement of AI.

Increasing Adoption in Cryptocurrency Mining: Despite market volatility, cryptocurrency mining continues to fuel GPU demand. The parallel processing capabilities of GPUs make them highly effective for the complex cryptographic computations required to mine cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. This has created a persistent demand for high-performance GPUs from both large-scale mining operations and individual miners. The U.S. Department of Energy announced in February 2024 that energy consumption related to cryptocurrency mining climbed by 35% in 2023 compared to the previous year, with GPUs accounting for a large portion of this increase. The Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index further highlights the scale of this demand, estimating that Bitcoin mining alone would require 129 TWh of electricity in 2023, an amount comparable to Norway's annual power consumption.

Expansion of the Gaming Industry: The expanding gaming industry remains a cornerstone of GPU sales. As video games become more graphically intensive and feature realistic visuals, gamers require powerful GPUs to achieve high frame rates and resolutions. The continuous innovation in gaming technology, including virtual reality (VR) and ray tracing, further intensifies this demand. The Entertainment Software Association's 2024 Essential Facts report found that 65% of American people play video games, a notable increase from 59% in 2021. The report also indicated that 41% of gamers upgraded their gaming hardware in the past year, with GPUs being a key component of these upgrades. The NPD Group estimates that global gaming hardware sales, including GPUs, reached USD 47 billion in 2023, cementing the gaming industry's role as a major driver of the GPU market.

Rising Applications in Scientific Research and High-Performance Computing: GPUs are increasingly being used for scientific simulations and high-performance computing (HPC), transforming research in fields from genomics to climate modeling. Their ability to process massive datasets and perform complex calculations in parallel significantly accelerates research timelines. In July 2023, the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science announced that 72% of projects at its supercomputing facilities now use GPU acceleration, a substantial increase from 55% in 2020. This shift highlights the growing recognition of GPUs' efficiency in scientific applications. A study published in the Journal of Computational Science in March 2024 further demonstrated this, discovering that GPU-accelerated simulations in climate modeling reduced computing time by an average of 65% compared to CPU-only systems, significantly boosting demand for high-performance GPUs within the scientific community.

Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market Restraints

Rising Manufacturing Costs: As GPU technology continues to advance, the cost of manufacturing high-performance chips has risen dramatically, particularly for those utilizing cutting-edge lower nanometer processes (such as 5nm or 3nm). These advanced fabrication techniques require significant investment in research and development, specialized equipment, and highly controlled environments, driving up production expenses. This increasing cost of production directly impacts profit margins for manufacturers and often translates into higher retail prices for consumers, potentially slowing down adoption rates in certain segments. The intricate processes involved in creating ever smaller and more powerful transistors present a continuous financial hurdle for the industry.

Supply Chain Disruptions: The global GPU market has been significantly impacted by persistent supply chain disruptions. Events such as the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the fragility of the semiconductor supply chain, leading to widespread manufacturing delays and price increases. Shortages of essential components, raw materials, and logistical bottlenecks have made it increasingly difficult for manufacturers to meet the burgeoning demand for GPUs across various sectors. These disruptions not only cause production backlogs but also contribute to market volatility and inflated prices, creating an unstable environment for both producers and consumers. Ensuring a resilient and diversified supply chain remains a critical challenge for the industry.

High Energy Consumption: Powerful GPUs, by their very nature, require a substantial amount of energy to operate, posing a significant challenge for both individual consumers and large-scale data centers. This high energy consumption is a growing concern, especially with the increasing global emphasis on sustainability, environmental responsibility, and the reduction of carbon footprints. As GPUs become more powerful and are deployed in greater numbers for applications like AI training and cryptocurrency mining, the associated energy costs and environmental impact become more pronounced. Manufacturers are under pressure to develop more energy-efficient designs, but balancing performance with power consumption remains a major hurdle for the industry.

Intense Competition: The GPU market is characterized by intense competition, with industry titans like NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel constantly vying for market share and technological supremacy. This fierce rivalry drives rapid innovation, pushing manufacturers to continuously invest in research and development to offer cutting-edge products with enhanced performance and features. While beneficial for technological advancement, this aggressive innovation cycle puts immense pressure on manufacturers to release new products quickly, potentially leading to shorter product lifecycles, market saturation, and fragmentation. Companies must consistently differentiate their offerings and maintain a competitive edge, which requires substantial ongoing investment and strategic planning in a rapidly evolving landscape.

Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market: Segmentation Analysis

The Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market is segmented on the basis of By Type, By Device, By End-User and By Geography.

Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market, By Type

Dedicated

Integrated

Hybrid

Based on Type, the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Market is segmented into Dedicated, Integrated, and Hybrid. At VMR, we observe that the Dedicated GPU subsegment is the most dominant, primarily driven by its superior performance, which is essential for computationally intensive tasks. The demand for dedicated GPUs is fueled by several key market drivers and industry trends, including the explosive growth of high-end gaming and e-sports, which require high frame rates and realistic visuals. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of AI and machine learning is a major driver, as dedicated GPUs, with their thousands of cores and parallel processing capabilities, are uniquely suited for training complex neural networks and running AI workloads. This is particularly evident in data centers, cloud computing, and high-performance computing (HPC), which rely heavily on NVIDIA and AMD's high-performance dedicated GPUs.

Regionally, North America holds a significant market share, driven by a robust tech ecosystem and a high concentration of data centers and AI research firms. The second most dominant subsegment is the Integrated GPU, which holds a substantial market share, particularly in the consumer electronics and mobile device sectors. Integrated GPUs are built directly into the CPU, making them more cost-effective and energy-efficient. Their growth is propelled by the increasing demand for thin, light, and power-efficient devices like laptops and smartphones, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, which has a massive consumer base for these products. They are sufficient for everyday tasks, such as web browsing, video streaming, and light photo editing. Finally, the Hybrid GPU subsegment represents a small but growing niche. Hybrid GPUs intelligently switch between the integrated and dedicated GPUs to optimize performance and power consumption. This technology is gaining traction in gaming laptops and ultra-books, offering a balance between performance and battery life, and its future potential is tied to the evolution of mobile computing and the continued push for efficiency.

Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market, By Device

Computer

Tablet

Smartphone

Gaming Console

Television

Based on Device, the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Market is segmented into Computer, Tablet, Smartphone, Gaming Console, and Television. At VMR, we observe that the Computer subsegment, encompassing both desktops and laptops, is the most dominant, holding a significant revenue share of the GPU market. The dominance of this segment is primarily driven by the enduring need for high-performance computing in both consumer and professional applications. Market drivers include the booming gaming industry, where dedicated GPUs are essential for running graphics-intensive AAA titles, and the rapid expansion of professional industries such as media and entertainment, architecture, engineering, and scientific research. These sectors rely on powerful GPUs for tasks like 3D rendering, video editing, data visualization, and complex simulations. An accelerating industry trend is the adoption of AI and machine learning, with GPUs serving as the foundational hardware for training and deploying AI models due to their parallel processing capabilities. Regionally, North America is a key market, fueled by a strong tech infrastructure and the presence of major GPU manufacturers and AI research firms.

The Gaming Console subsegment is the second most dominant, with its own dedicated role and robust growth trajectory. The GPU market for gaming consoles is driven by the consistent demand for high-fidelity gaming experiences and the cyclical release of new console generations, such as the PlayStation and Xbox series. These consoles feature custom-designed, powerful GPUs optimized for gaming, ensuring a high-quality, standardized experience for a mass market. The Asia-Pacific region, particularly countries like Japan and China, holds immense strength in this segment due to a massive and highly engaged gaming population. While the market size of this segment is smaller than computers, its revenue contribution is substantial and predictable. The remaining subsegments-Smartphone, Tablet, and Television-play a supporting role, catering to specific user needs. The smartphone and tablet GPU markets are rapidly expanding, driven by the proliferation of mobile gaming, AR/VR applications, and on-device AI capabilities. The television segment, while a smaller part of the overall market, is a niche area for high-resolution streaming and smart TV functionalities.

Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market, By End-User

Electronics

IT And Telecommunication

Defense And Intelligence

Based on End-User, the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Market is segmented into Electronics, IT & Telecommunication, and Defense & Intelligence. At VMR, we observe that the Electronics subsegment holds the dominant market share, primarily driven by the massive consumer base and the continuous evolution of devices like PCs, laptops, smartphones, and gaming consoles. The primary market drivers are the explosive growth of the gaming industry, increasing demand for high-resolution displays, and the proliferation of portable electronic devices. For instance, the demand for powerful GPUs is directly proportional to the rising popularity of esports and the development of graphics-intensive AAA games, which necessitate advanced rendering capabilities. The Asia-Pacific region is a major growth engine for this segment, fueled by a large population with increasing disposable income and a robust manufacturing ecosystem for consumer electronics. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) in consumer devices is a key industry trend that relies on the high-performance computing of GPUs.

The IT & Telecommunication subsegment is the second most dominant and is experiencing a high growth rate due to a paradigm shift towards cloud-based computing and artificial intelligence. The growth of this segment is driven by the increasing demand for data centers and high-performance computing (HPC) for complex workloads. GPUs are crucial for accelerating tasks such as data analytics, machine learning, and AI model training, making them indispensable for cloud service providers and telecommunication companies. This trend is particularly strong in North America, where major tech companies are heavily investing in AI infrastructure. The Defense & Intelligence subsegment, while smaller in terms of overall market size, is a highly specialized and rapidly growing niche. The adoption of GPUs in this sector is driven by the need for real-time sensor data analysis, signal processing, and AI-powered threat detection in applications like surveillance, autonomous systems, and advanced weaponry. This segment's future potential is tied to rising defense budgets and the increasing digitalization of military operations.

Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market, By Geography

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Rest of the World

The global Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) market is a dynamic and rapidly evolving sector driven by technological advancements and the increasing demand for high-performance computing across various industries. While traditionally associated with gaming, the utility of GPUs has expanded significantly, making them a cornerstone for applications in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), data centers, and professional visualization. This geographical analysis provides a detailed overview of the GPU market's dynamics, key growth drivers, and current trends in major regions worldwide.

United States Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) Market:

The United States is a major player in the global GPU market, characterized by a strong presence of leading technology companies, a mature gaming industry, and significant investment in cutting-edge technologies. The market's growth is heavily influenced by the widespread adoption of AI and machine learning, which require massive computational power for training complex models and processing large datasets. The U.S. is also a leader in cloud computing, with major cloud service providers fueling demand for high-performance GPUs in data centers. Furthermore, the gaming sector remains a key driver, with a growing number of PC gamers and an increasing demand for dedicated graphics cards to support high-resolution gaming and virtual reality (VR) experiences. The U.S. government's investments in research and development, particularly in defense and intelligence, also contribute to the market's expansion.

Europe Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) Market:

The European GPU market is experiencing robust growth, propelled by the flourishing gaming industry, advancements in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies, and a strong focus on data center development. Germany, the UK, and France are among the leading countries in the region, with significant investments in digital transformation and AI. The demand for GPUs in Europe is also driven by their use in professional applications like scientific research, media and entertainment, and architectural design. A unique aspect of the European market is the increasing focus on sustainability, with companies and governments pushing for energy-efficient GPU solutions and data centers that align with initiatives like the European Green Deal. The widespread adoption of portable devices like smartphones and laptops, which require efficient GPUs for enhanced user experiences, is another key driver.

Asia-Pacific Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) Market:

The Asia-Pacific region is the dominant force in the global GPU market and is expected to maintain its leading position. This is due to a confluence of factors, including a massive and rapidly expanding consumer electronics market, a booming gaming and esports industry, and substantial government and private sector investments in AI and high-performance computing. China is a major hub, with large-scale manufacturing capabilities and a national strategy focused on AI development. Countries like India, Japan, and South Korea are also key contributors, with rising disposable incomes, a growing gaming user base, and a strong focus on technological innovation. The rapid rollout of 5G networks and the development of smart cities are creating new opportunities for GPU adoption in data centers and edge computing.

Latin America Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) Market:

The Latin American GPU market is considered one of the fastest-growing regions, driven by rapid economic development, a rising middle class, and increasing consumer spending on technology. The gaming industry is a significant growth driver, with a surge in gaming enthusiasts and content creators in countries like Brazil and Mexico. The demand for GPUs is also being fueled by the expansion of data centers and the growing adoption of cloud-based services. The increasing use of smartphones and other portable devices for mobile gaming and content consumption further contributes to the market's expansion. While still developing, the region is seeing increased investments in digital infrastructure, which bodes well for the future of the GPU market.

Middle East & Africa Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) Market:

The GPU market in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) is poised for substantial growth, driven by a combination of factors including government initiatives, investments in data centers, and a burgeoning gaming sector. Countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE are actively investing in technology and infrastructure, including the acquisition of advanced GPUs for building AI and high-performance computing capabilities. The region's expanding gaming community and the rising demand for sophisticated consumer electronics are also key market drivers. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of cloud computing and the growing need for high-performance computing in various sectors, such as finance, healthcare, and engineering, are fueling the demand for GPUs in the MEA region.

Key Players

• The "Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market" study report will provide valuable insight with an emphasis on the global market. The major players in the market are
• IBM Corporation
• Intel Corporation
• NVIDIA Corporation
• Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
• Qualcomm Incorporated
• Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
• Dassault Systems, Inc.
• Google, Inc.
• Siemens AG
• and Sony Corporation.

Our market analysis also entails a section solely dedicated to such major players wherein our analysts provide an insight into the financial statements of all the major players, along with its product benchmarking and SWOT analysis. The competitive landscape section also includes key development strategies, market share, and market ranking analysis of the above-mentioned players globally.

• Global Graphic Processing Unit GPU Market: Recent Developments
• In April 2024, Alibaba Cloud announced the implementation of bespoke GPUs based on the RISC-V architecture in its data centers to accelerate AI and cloud computing operations. This move mirrors a rising trend in which tech companies create specialized GPUs to maximize performance for specific workloads, notably in AI-powered data centers.
• In May 2024, Imagination Technologies released the PowerVR Series 10XT, which is intended to power sophisticated graphics in automotive, mobile, and AR/VR applications. The new GPU family, which targets emerging industries in automotive and immersive technologies, strikes a mix between high performance and low power consumption.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION OF GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET

• 1.1 MARKET DEFINITION
• 1.2 MARKET SEGMENTATION
• 1.3 RESEARCH TIMELINES
• 1.4 ASSUMPTIONS
• 1.5 LIMITATIONS

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 2.1 DATA MINING
• 2.2 SECONDARY RESEARCH
• 2.3 PRIMARY RESEARCH
• 2.4 SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT ADVICE
• 2.5 QUALITY CHECK
• 2.6 FINAL REVIEW
• 2.7 DATA TRIANGULATION
• 2.8 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
• 2.9 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
• 2.10 RESEARCH FLOW
• 2.11 DATA SOURCES

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 3.1 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET OVERVIEW
• 3.2 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST (USD BILLION)
• 3.3 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET ECOLOGY MAPPING
• 3.4 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS: FUNNEL DIAGRAM
• 3.5 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET ABSOLUTE MARKET OPPORTUNITY
• 3.6 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS ANALYSIS, BY REGION
• 3.7 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS ANALYSIS, BY TYPE
• 3.8 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS ANALYSIS, BY END-USER
• 3.9 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS (CAGR %)
• 3.10 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET, BY TYPE (USD BILLION)
• 3.11 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET, BY END-USER (USD BILLION)
• 3.12 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY (USD BILLION)
• 3.13 FUTURE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

4 GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET OUTLOOK

• 4.1 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET EVOLUTION
• 4.2 GLOBAL GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET OUTLOOK
• 4.3 MARKET DRIVERS
• 4.4 MARKET RESTRAINTS
• 4.5 MARKET TRENDS
• 4.6 MARKET OPPORTUNITY
• 4.7 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
  • 4.7.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
  • 4.7.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
  • 4.7.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
  • 4.7.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE TYPES
  • 4.7.5 COMPETITIVE RIVALRY OF EXISTING COMPETITORS
• 4.8 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
• 4.9 PRICING ANALYSIS
• 4.10 MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS

5 GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET, BY TYPE

• 5.1 OVERVIEW
• 5.2 DEDICATED
• 5.3 INTEGRATED
• 5.4 HYBRID

6 GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET, BY DEVICE

• 6.1 OVERVIEW
• 6.2 COMPUTER
• 6.3 TABLET
• 6.4 SMARTPHONE
• 6.5 GAMING CONSOLE
• 6.6 TELEVISION

7 GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET, BY END-USER

• 7.1 OVERVIEW
• 7.2 ELECTRONICS
• 7.3 IT AND TELECOMMUNICATION
• 7.4 DEFENSE AND INTELLIGENCE

8 GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY

• 8.1 OVERVIEW
• 8.2 NORTH AMERICA
  • 8.2.1 U.S.
  • 8.2.2 CANADA
  • 8.2.3 MEXICO
• 8.3 EUROPE
  • 8.3.1 GERMANY
  • 8.3.2 U.K.
  • 8.3.3 FRANCE
  • 8.3.4 ITALY
  • 8.3.5 SPAIN
  • 8.3.6 REST OF EUROPE
• 8.4 ASIA PACIFIC
  • 8.4.1 CHINA
  • 8.4.2 JAPAN
  • 8.4.3 INDIA
  • 8.4.4 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
• 8.5 LATIN AMERICA
  • 8.5.1 BRAZIL
  • 8.5.2 ARGENTINA
  • 8.5.3 REST OF LATIN AMERICA
• 8.6 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
  • 8.6.1 UAE
  • 8.6.2 SAUDI ARABIA
  • 8.6.3 SOUTH AFRICA
  • 8.6.4 REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA

9 GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

• 9.1 OVERVIEW
• 9.2 KEY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
• 9.3 COMPANY REGIONAL FOOTPRINT
• 9.4 ACE MATRIX
  • 9.5.1 ACTIVE
  • 9.5.2 CUTTING EDGE
  • 9.5.3 EMERGING
  • 9.5.4 INNOVATORS

10 GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) MARKET COMPANY PROFILES

• 10.1 OVERVIEW
• 10.2 IBM CORPORATION
• 10.3 INTEL CORPORATION
• 10.4 NVIDIA CORPORATION
• 10.5 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
• 10.6 QUALCOMM INCORPORATED
• 10.7 ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
• 10.8 DASSAULT SYSTEMS, INC.
• 10.9 GOOGLE, INC.
• 10.10 SIEMENS AG
• 10.11 AND SONY CORPORATION.